The application of platelet-rich plasma in cosmetology / 中华整形外科杂志

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), the concentration of platelet and plasma, is rich of a variety of growth factors.It plays an important role in anti-inflammatory and tissue regeneration, and has gradually been used in cosmetology in the recent years.This paper introduces the application of PRP in facial rejuvenation, acne and alopecia treatment, as well as improving the survival rate of autologous fat transplantation. The side effects and prospectives of PRP application in cosmetology were also summarized.

Research progress of skin-derived precursor cells / 南方医科大学学报

As a novel population of neural crest-origin precursor cells, skin-derived precursor cells (SKPs) can be isolated from both embryonic and adult dermis. These cells have important values for research and potential clinical application in wound healing, organ regeneration and disease treatment for advantages in the abundance of cell sources, accessibility, potential of multipotent differentiation, and absence of ethical concerns. Here we review the developmental and anatomical origins of SKPs and their potential application in regenerative medicine. SKPs originate from the embryonic neural crest, and their sources may vary in different areas of the body. SKPs are widely found in the dermis, especially in the dermal papilla (DP), which was known as a niche of SKPs. The multipotent SKPs can used for autologous transplantation and are of vital importance in tissue repair.

Inhibition effect of 6-gingerol on hair growth / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of 6-gingerol, the main active component of ginger, on hair shaft elongation in vitro and hair growth in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Firstly, Hair follicles were co-cultured with 3 different concentration of 6-gingerol for 5 days and hair elongation in three groups was measured. Secondly, The proliferative effect of 6-gingerol on DPCs was measured using MTT assay. Thirdly, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in DPCs were measured using Western blotting. In vivo study, the influence of 6-gingerol on hair growth in C57BL/6 rats was measured through topical application of 6-gingerol on the dorsal skin of each animal.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The length of hair shaft in 20 microg/ml 6-Gingerol group (0.50 +/- 0.08 mm) is less than 0 microg/ml (0.66 +/- 0.19) mm and 10 microg/ml (0.64 +/- 0.03) mm 6-Gingerol group (P < 0.05). In cell culture, compared to 0 microg/ml and 5 microg/ml 6-Gingerol, 10 microg/ml 6-Gingerol can significantly inhibited the proliferation of DPCs (P < 0.05). Along with the growth inhibition of DPCs by 6-gingerol, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased obviously. In vivo study, the hair length and density decreased a lot after using 1 mg/ml 6-gingerol.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>6-Gingerol can suppress human hair shaft elongation because it has pro-apoptotic effects on DPCs via increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. It might inhibit hair growth by prolonging the telogen stage in vivo.</p>

Experimental research of hair follicle reconstruction with the aid of embryonic mice dermal cells / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of embryonic dermal signal on the hair-inductive capacity of neonatal mice dermal cells which have been amplified in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Embryonic mice dermal cells of embryonic day 14 were added to a chamber on the back of nude mice with neonatal mice dermal cells which had been amplified in vitro for 3 days and freshly isolated neonatal mice epidermal cells. The hair regeneration was compared between the groups with or without embryonic mice dermal cells. Meanwhile, chambers with following cells respectively were constructed as controls: embryonic mice dermal cells + neonatal mice epidermal cells; freshly isolated neonatal mice dermal cells + neonatal mice epidermal cells; amplified neonatal mice dermal cells only; embryonic mice dermal cells only; freshly isolated neonatal mice dermal cells only; neonatal mice epidermal cells only.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The number of regenerated hairs with the aid of embryonic mice dermal cells (207 +/- 15. 948) was significantly higher than that (67 +/- 8.963) in the group without embryonic mice dermal cells (n = 3, t = 7.653, P = 0.002).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Embryonic dermal signal can enhance the hair-inductive capacity of neonatal mice dermal cells which have been amplified in vitro.</p>

Effect of PRP on the proliferation of dermal papilla cells and hair follicle regeneration in mice / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the proliferation of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and hair follicle regeneration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PRP was prepared using the double-spin method and applied to DPCs. The proliferative effect of activated PRP on DPCs was measured using MTT assay. To understand the influence of activated PRP on the hair-inductive capacity of DPCs, freshly isolated epidermal cells and DPCs of passage 4 were resuspended, mixed with various concentrations of a PRP (0%, 5% or 10%) and were then transferred to a grafting chamber, which was implanted onto the dorsal skin of nude mice. The chambers were removed 1 week after grafting and HF formation was monitored for 4 weeks; the graft site was harvested and processed for histological examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Activated PRP increased the proliferation benefited the aggregative growth of DPCs. There are significant difference in the yield of hair follicles compared with 10% PRP (344 +/- 27) with 0% PRP (288 +/- 35) in the area of reconstituted skin (P < 0.05). The areas treated with PRP demonstrated an increase in hair follicles density of 19.4%. Ten percent PRP (18 +/- 1) d also can significantly shorten the time of hair formation, compared with 0% PRP (20 +/- 1) d (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is a considerable effect of PRP on the time of hair formation and the yield of hair follicles reconstitution.</p>

Histocompatibility of noval xenogenic tendon matrix materials / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To evaluate the histocompatibility of novel manufactured xenogenic tendon matrix materials by an animal experimental study.Methods The study was conducted on 15 dogs,weighing 10-13 kg.The prepared xenogenic tendon matrix materials were implanted into the bilateral area of spine in dogs subcutaneously (experimental group),and the implantation of silicon served as control group.The animals were killed 14,30,60 days after surgery and the specimens were processed in laboratory to receive gross and histology observation.The histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and analyzed by light microscopy.Scores were assigned to the inflammatory process and statistically compared by two related samples with non-parametric test.Results All dogs survived well during the embedded test.There was no tissue necrosis,effusion or inflammation at all implantation sites in both groups during the test.The xenogenic implant materials promoted slight to moderate inflammation process after 14 days,with no statistically significant difference compared to the control.However,after 30 days,there was a regression of inflammation.After 60 days,it was observed the presence of well-organized connective tissue,and few inflammatory cells.Score evaluation of inflammation response at different time after operation of two groups showed no statistically significant difference (P＞0.05).Conclusions The new xenogenic tendon matrix materials are considered biocompatible with subcutaneous tissue.

Hair follicle regeneration by injection of follicular cells / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanisms of hair follicle regeneration by injection of follicular cells isolated from murine skin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Epidermis was peeled off from the dermis of 3-5 d C57BL/6J mouse by 0.2% Dispase digestion at 37 degrees C for 2 hours. Dermis was cut into small pieces and digested in 0.2% collagenase at 37 degrees C for 30 minute with low speed stirring to isolate hair follicles from dermis. Hair follicles were collected through filtration, low-speed centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation. Collagenase and trypsin were added to digest hair follicles into dissociated cells which were marked by Dio and injected into the nude mouse skin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>2 d after intradermal injection of hair follicle cells, a cyst was formed containing lots of round and elliptical cells and homogeneous eosin stained cell-free tissues. The cyst wall was composed of many spindle shaped fibroblast cells and showed sparsely localized green fluorescence. The contents of the cyst showed bright green fluorescence. 4 d after injection, the skin became slightly thicken with grey appearance, a lots of hair follicles formed with black bulb. 1 weeks after injection, the injection site became black and evaluated with a lots of black hair follicles and hyperproliferation of capillary blood. Newly formed hair follicles showed bright green fluorescence. 3 weeks after injection, a cyst containing lots of black hairs formed in the injection site. Newly formed hair follicles showed positive for Dio. Sebaceous gland can be seen accompanied with hair follicles. 6 weeks after injection, the cyst contained lots of sheded club hair shafts and hair follicles on the stage of anagen. Cultured follicular cells and injection below 1 x 10(5) failed to regenerate hairs. While the regenerated hair follicle was few when the hair follicle cells were injected subcutaneously.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Follicular cells can aggregate spontaneously and develop synergistically into hair follicles with normal growth cycle after implantation. The regeneration depends on the interactions between follicular cells, as well as on the recipient sites and cell numbers.</p>

The effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on the pH of the adult male semen and the motoricity parameters of spermatozoa in vitro / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of 50-Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure on the pH of the adult male semen and the motoricity and motoricity parameters of spermatozoa.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Healthy adult male fresh semen was exposed to a 50-Hz EMF at 0.4 mT for 15, 30 and 60 min, respectively. The pH value of the semen, the motoricity and motoricity parameter of spermatozoa were detected and recorded in real time using the WLJY-9000 pattern chromatic color spermatozoa quality detection system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with parallel control group, the exposure of adult male fresh semen to a 50-Hz EMF at 0.4 mT for 15 min or 60 min could decrease significantly the motoricity (spermatozoa with a + b lever) and the activity ratio (spermatozoa with a + b + c lever)(P < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences of motoricity and the activity ratio between exposure group and control group (P > 0.05), and after exposure to a 50-Hz. EMF for 30 min the motoricity and the activity ratio of exposure group were inhibited, as compared with control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The pH value of the semen was not obvious changed (P > 0.05) when semen was exposed to a 50-Hz EMF of 0.4 mT for 15, 30 and 60 min.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In present experiment, it is suggested that the exposure of adult male fresh semen to a 50-Hz EMF in vitro could inhibit the motoricity and the activity ratio, but not affect the pH value of the semen within 60 min.</p>

Implantation of newborn mice skin cells with chamber method to construct a model of hair follicle development / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct a convenient, reliable and visual model of hair follicle development to test the hair-inductive potential of follicular cells and investigate the molecular mechanism regulating hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An open chamber was transplanted into the nude mice dorsal skin, dermal and epidermal cells isolated from newborn C57BL/6 mice skin were mixed at a specific ratio and then injected into the chamber together, 1 week after transplantation, the chamber was removed, and then, hair formation and regeneration after hair plucking was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1 week after cells implantation, the wound was moist without apparent contraction and among that pink and translucent tissue was formed. 2 weeks after implantation, the wound healed completely. 3 weeks after implantation, black hair grew from the skin was observed. 4 weeks after implantation, thick and black hair grew from the skin vertically. Completely developed structure of hair follicle was observed with paraffin section and HE staining. 1 week after plucking, new hair had regrown. The ratio of cell component was varied, whereas the other component was fixed at 1 x 10(7) cells. When the number of epidermal cells was reduced to 1 x 10(6) cells, the efficiency of hair follicle reconstitution was mostly unchanged. On the other hand, the density of newly formed hair was diminished considerably by reducing the number of dermal cells to 5 x 10(6) cells or lower. Neither epidermal cells nor dermal cells transplanted alone formed hair follicle.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Newborn mice skin cells transplanted by chamber method can construct a complete model of hair follicle development, which can be used to test the hair-inductive potential of follicular cells and investigate the molecular mechanism regulating hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling.</p>

Effect of topical tacrolimus on xenogeneic hair follicle transplantation / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To study the effect of topical tacrolimus (FK506) on the survival of the xenogeneic transplanted hair follicles from human scalp to Wistar rats. Methods In our study, Wistar rats were used as recipients and human as donor. The black hair follicles of human scalp were harvested, and then the xenogeneic grafts were transplanted to white Wistar rats on the back. 20 couples of rats were divided in 2 groups: topical tacrolimus group (group A), and blank control group (group B). After operaton, we compared the survival time of hair follicles and their histologic outcomes in order to verify the practicability of xenogeneic transplantion of hair follicles, and the topical application of tacrolimus results.Results The mean survival time of group A was longer [(49. 9 ±7. 1) days] as compared to group B [(13. 1±1. 2) days]. The longest survival time was 65 days in group A and 14 days in group B, respectively. By comparison of the results we found that topical tacrolimus prolonged the survival time of the xenotransplanted hair follicles significantly and that tropical medication could not avoid rejection. Conclusions The immune privilege function dependent on the hair follicle anagen and axillary topical tacrolimus, can prolong the survival time of the xenogeneic transplanted hair follicles in rats significantly.

Expression of human triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression pattern of human triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and its clinical significance in acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis (AOSC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 36 patients with AOSC and 40 healthy adults. TREM-1 mRNA was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and TREM-1 protein by immunocytochemistry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TNF-alpha) was used to detect the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and immunoturbidimetry employed to detect C reactive protein.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of TREM-1 mRNA relative to beta-actin was 1.007-/+0.252 in patients with AOSC, significantly higher than that in the healthy adults (0.457-/+0.053, P<0.05). The two groups also showed significantly different TREM protein expression (P<0.01). The AOSC patients exhibited significantly higher levels of TNF-alpha and C reactive protein than the healthy adults (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of human TREM-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is up-regulated obviously in early stage of AOSC, probably suggesting an important role of TREM-1 in the development of AOSC.</p>

Effects of different parts of the follicle-unit grafts subjected to controlled injury / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the shaft elongation and morphological changes of follicle-unit (FUs) grafts subjected to controlled injury in different parts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human FUs were isolated by microdissection under a dissecting microscope. The single hair of anagen FUs were randomly divided into A, B and C groups, and A and B groups were subjected to controlled injury with microsurgery imposed to the dermal papilla and the bulge of FUs, respectively, with C as the control group without any treatment. HE staining was used to detect the histological changes of the cells, and organ culture for 10 days was conducted to observe the morphological changes and elongation of FUs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no histological or morphological changes in A, B and C groups. The average elongation of hair shaft was 1.293-/+0.245, 2.116-/+0.423 and 2.235-/+0.379 mm, respectively. There were significant differences between groups A and B (P<0.05) and between groups A and C (P<0.05). No significant difference was found between groups B and C (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Damage of the dermal papilla should be avoided in hair transplantation surgery.</p>

Subcutaneous implantation of embryonic skin cells to construct a model of hair development in nude mice / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the hair development after subcutaneous implantation of embryonic skin cells in nude mice, and construct a model of hair development.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Dermal and epidermal cells isolated from embryonic mouse skin were mixed at a given ratio and injected subcutaneously in nude mice, and hair formation after the implantation was observed under a microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Formation of the hair follicles and fibers under the skin of the recipient nude mice and emergence of the hair shaft were observed microscopically.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Embryonic skin cells be used to construct a complete model of hair development after implantation in vivo.</p>

Noise magnetic fields mitigates the inhibition of secretion function of primary human villous trophoblasts induced by 50 Hz magnetic fields / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic fields (MF) on secretion function of primary human villous trophoblasts in vitro, and the interference effect of "noise" MF.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The trophoblasts were isolated from human villus by trypsin digestion and incubated in DMEM medium.Then the trophoblasts were exposed to 0.4 mT 50 Hz MF and/or "noise" MF respectively for different durations. Each exposure group was matched with one control group which was from the same villus and cultured with the same condition except the MF exposure. The concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and progesterone in the culture medium were measured by immunofluorescence. Statistical significance of differences between means was determined by one way-ANOVA with P<0.05 considered significant.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>50 Hz MF inhibited the HCG and progesterone secretion significantly when exposure for 72 h (compared with control group, P<0.05). There was no significant change of HCG and progesterone secretion when trophoblasts were exposed to 0.4 mT "noise" MF within 72 h (compared with control group, P>0.05). However, by superimposing the "noise" MF, the inhibition of HCG and progesterone secretion of trophoblasts induced by 50 Hz MF was eliminated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The exposure to 50 Hz MF for long period could inhibit trophoblasts secreting HCG and progesterone, and the "noise" MF with the same intensity could eliminate the effects induced by 50 Hz MF.</p>

Expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and leukemia inhibitory factor on endometrium during different ovarian stimulation protocols in mice / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the influence of superovulation by GnRHa protocol and pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) alone on the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) mRNA on endometrium.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five female ICR mice were randomly allocated into 3 groups:(1) GnRHa+PMSG group: alarelin was give first for desensitizing the pituitary, then superovulation with PMSG; (2) PMSG group: mice were injected with PMSG only; (3) Natural cycle group: mice were given with same volume of saline. Endometrium samples were taken at 48 hours after given hCG or ovulation (control group). ER and PR in glandular cells were detected with SP immunohistochemistry semiquantitatively. Expression of LIF mRNA on endometrium was detected with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The positive rate(%) and expression intense (AU) of ER and PR on glandular epithelium cells were significantly lower in GnRHa+PMSG group and PMSG group than those in natural cycle group (all P <0.01). The expression of LIF mRNA was significantly lower in GnRHa+PMSG group and PMSG group than that in natural cycle group (all P <0.01); but the expressions of ER, PR and LIF in GnRHa+PMSG group were higher than those in PMSG group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The protocol with GnRHa down regulates the expressions of ER, PR and the LIF mRNA on the mice of secretive phase endometrium, suggesting it may have an adverse effect on the endometrial receptivity in mice, but it may still be better than PMSG alone.</p>

Effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields exposure on secretion of primary human villous trophoblasts / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the possible effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields (MF) exposure on HCG and progesterone secretion of human villous trophoblasts in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The trophoblasts were isolated from human villus by trypsin digestion and incubated in DMEM medium. Then the trophoblasts were exposed to 0.2 mT, 0.4 mT 50 Hz MF for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively. Each exposure group was matched to one control group which was from the same villus and cultured with the same condition except the 50 Hz MF exposure. The concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and progesterone in the culture medium was detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Statistical significance of differences between means was determined by one way-ANOVA with P < 0.05 considered significant.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Exposure of trophoblasts to 50 Hz MF at 0.2 mT intensity within 72 h did not affect the secretion level of HCG and progesterone (compared with blank control, P > 0.05). There was also no significant change of the secretion level of HCG and progesterone when trophoblasts were exposed to 0.4 mT 50 Hz MF within 48 h (compared with blank control, P > 0.05). However, 50 Hz MF inhibited the HCG and progesterone secretion significantly with exposure for 72 h (compared with blank control, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The exposure to 50 Hz MF for long period could inhibit trophoblasts excreting the HCG and progesterone, and the threshold intensity may be between 0.2 mT and 0.4 mT.</p>

Apoptosis-related gene expression of human villous trophoblasts exposed to 50 Hz magnetic field / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study apoptosis-related gene expression of human villous trophoblasts exposed to 50 Hz magnetic field and to investigate the possible mechanism of human reproductive health effects caused by 50 Hz magnetic field.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cultured human villous trophoblasts were exposed to 50 Hz magnetic field at 0.4 mT for 6, 48, 72 hours. Gene expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, p53 and Fas were analyzed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Within 72 hours, the average fold change for each gene was near 1.00, and there was no significant difference on expression pattern in each gene between exposure and control groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>0.4 mT 50 Hz magnetic field does not affect the apoptosis-related gene expression of human villous trophoblasts in vitro.</p>

Paradoxical devation of senna adiponectin and its relationship with the level of serum leptin in preeclampsia / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investiagte the serum adiponectin concentration in preeclampsia and its relationship with serum leptin and soluble leptin receptor levels.Method The level of adiponectin,leptin and soluble leptin receptor in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in 38 patients with preeclampsia and 42 patients as control.The relationship of free leptin index(leptin/soluble leptin receptor) to preeclampsia was analyzed.Results There were no significant differences in maternal age,gestational age and body mass index(BMI)between two groups.But the gestational age and birth weight were significantly lower in preeclampsia than in control.The patients with preeclampsia had significantly higher levels of serum adiponectin, leptin and free leptin index(1691.7?g/ml,37.5 ng/ml and 0.95 respectively)than the control(689.4?g/ml, 19.3 ag/ml and 0.49,respectively).But there was no significant difference in serum level of soluble leptin receptor between the groups(35.0 ng/ml vs 42.2 ng/ml).Serum adiponectin was not significantly correlated with the level of leptin,soluble leptin receptor and free leptin index.Area of serum adiponectin,leptin and free leptin index in preeclampsia under the ROC curve were less than 0.5.Conclusions The patients with preeclampsia have paradoxical higher serum levels of adiponecfin and more bioavailability of leptin,suggesting these may be important factom of this complication.