Identification of Synthetic Cannabinoid New Psychoactive Substances 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA and MDMB-4en-PINACA / 法医学杂志

Objective To establish a method that combines a series of techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectrum （FTIR）, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （NMR） for identification of unknown substances. Methods The unknown samples （off-white powder and yellow crystal） seized in the actual cases were detected by FTIR, GC-MS （methanol as solvent）, high resolution mass spectrometry （methanol as solvent） and NMR （deuterated methanol as solvent）. Results The mass spectrum characteristic ions m/z of the main components in the samples measured by GC-MS were 219 （base peak）, 363, 307, 304, 275, 145, 131 and 213 （base peak）, 357, 301, 298, 269, 185, 171, 145 and 131, respectively. The accurate mass numbers [M+H]+ measured by high resolution mass spectrometry were 364.203 61 and 358.212 34, respectively. The unknown samples were identified as synthetic cannabinoid new psychoactive substances 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA and MDMB-4en-PINACA after data consultation and database retrieval and comparison, combined with infrared analysis and mass spectrometry data analysis, and their structures were confirmed by 1H-NMR. Conclusion The established multi-technology joint identification method can be used to identify 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA and MDMB-4en-PINACA in unknown samples. This method is fast, convenient, accurate, reliable and practical, and can provide reference for the identification of cases involving such substances in the future.

Effects of rewarming interventions in hypothermia trauma patients:a network meta-analysis / 中华护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of multiple rewarming interventions in adult hypothermia trauma patients.Methods A systematic search of Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,CINAHL,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM),Chinese Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),VIP and Wan Fang Database was carried out to identify all randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and controlled clinical trials(CCTs) that explored the effects of rewarming interventions in adult hypothermia trauma patients.The quality of the literature was evaluated using JBI 2008 RCT and quasi-experimental study evaluation criteria.Data and network plot were analyzed and drawn by ADDIS 1.16.7 software.Results Totally 6 RCTs and 1 quasi-experimental design were included,involving 10 interventions and 619 patients.There was statistically significant difference in body temperature after rewarming between the warm blankets and the forced-air blankets in all rewarming measures.The results of the top three interventions were carbon-fiber heating blanket(set to 42℃),forced-air blankets,warmed intravenous fluids plus blanket which resulted from the primary outcome indicators.The incidence of chills and cold discomfort decreased with the use of forced-air blankets and chemical heat pad as compared with traditional warm blankets,while the heart rate of the patients who used chemical heating pads and continuous heating of carbon fiber blanket were declined more than those used normal blankets.Conclusion The effects of carbon-fiber heating blanket which set to 42°C was the best method in all rewarming interventions.But this conclusion still requires randomized controlled trials with larger sample size to further verify.

Effects of prenatal restraint stress on neural stem cell proliferation and nestin protein expression in the hippocampus of offspring rats / 生理学报

To investigate the effect of prenatal stress on neural stem cell proliferation and nestin protein expression in the hippocampus of rat offspring, Sprague-Dawley female rats weighing 240-260 g were included and randomly divided into control and restraint stress groups. Rats in the control group were given no interventions. Rats in the restraint stress group were given restraint stress three times daily for 45 min during gestational days 14-20. One-month-old offspring rats were used for further experiment. The results of Morris water maze showed that the escape latency to reach the platform in offspring of restraint stress group was longer than that in control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference of the staying-time in quadrant of the primary platform in spatial probe test. The expressions of nestin- and BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampus of female offspring in restraint stress group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in male offspring (P > 0.05). These results suggest that prenatal restraint stress can increase the number and proliferative capability of the neural stem cells in female offspring. It may be a primary stage of the cascade reaction of the body to the brain damage caused by prenatal restraint stress.

Research Progress on Abused Drugs Metabolic in vivo / 法医学杂志

Under the catalysis of a variety of metabolic enzymes in vivo, such as UDP-glucuronyl transferases, cytochrome P450, carboxylesterase, sulfotransferase, butyrylcholinesterase, catechol-O-methyl transferase and 6-morphine dehydrogenase, the drugs perform glucuronidation, hydrolysis, oxidation, sulfonation and other reactions, then translate into active or inactive metabolites, which are excreted through urination, bile or the other pathways at last. Different drugs own their different metabolic pathways. This paper introduces the studies about the metabolism of drugs in human and animal in recent years, such as morphine-like drugs, amphetamine, ketamine, cannabis and cocaine, and reviews the research progress about the sites of metabolism, metabolic enzymes, metabolites and physiological activity of those drugs metabolic in vivo.

DNA aptamer selection in vitro for determining ketamine by FluMag-SELEX / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To select specific DNA aptamer for determining ketamine by FluMag-SELEX.@*METHODS@#Based on magnetic beads with tosyl surface modification as solid carrier and ketamine as target, a random ssDNA library with total length of 78 bp in vitro was compounded. After 13 rounds screening, DNA cloning and sequencing were done. Primary and secondary, structures were analyzed. The affinity, specificity and Kd values of selected aptamer were measured by monitoring the fluorescence intensity.@*RESULTS@#Two ssDNA aptamers (Apt#4 and Apt#8) were successfully selected with high and specific abilities to bind ketamine as target with Kd value of 0.59 and 0.66 μmol/L. The prediction of secondary structure was main stem-loop and G-tetramer. The stem was the basis of stability of aptamer's structure. And loop and G-tetramer was the key of specific binding of ketamine.@*CONCLUSION@#FluMag-SELEX can greatly improve the selection efficiency of the aptamer, obtain the ketamine-binding DNA aptamer, and develop a new method for rapid detection of ketamine.

Evaluation of effective doses of hepatitis B immunoglobulin to eliminate hepatitis B surface antigen from infected neonates / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the effective dose of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) for clearing maternally-transmitted hepatitis B virus (HBV) from a newborn.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Full-term neonates born to HBV-infected mothers were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA in venous blood, Individuals with positive results within two hours after birth were selected for study, and divided among two treatment groups: research group receiving HBIG continually adjusted to quantitative levels of neonatal HBsAg and HBV DNA levels; control group receiving standard HBIG 200IU dose. All neonates were also treated with 10 micrograms of recombinant vaccine. The decreases in HBsAg and HBV DNA over 12 months were comparatively analyzed between the two treatment groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The two treatment groups (HBIG adjusted vs. standard) were statistically similar in Apgar score (9.38+/-0.49 vs. 9.37+/-0.48), neonate body weight (3458.67+/-374.93 vs. 3558.61+/-322.85 g), maternal age (26.33+/-3.63 vs. 25.33+/-3.03), and initial HBsAg and HBV DNA levels (rank sum test Z = 1.381, and Z = 0.700, respectively) (all, P more than 0.05). Successful clearance of HBV infection within 12 months was achieved in significantly more neonates in the HBIG adjusted therapy group than in the standard therapy group (82.8% vs. 57.4%; x2 = 9.696, P less than 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Adjusting the neonatal HBIG dose according to HBsAg and HBV DNA levels can improve the success rate of clearing maternally-transmitted HBV.</p>

Simultaneous determination of trihexyphenidyl, chlorpromazine and clozapine in blood by GC-MS / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To develop a method to measure trihexyphenidyl, chlorpromazine and clozapine in human blood with GC-MS.@*METHODS@#The specimens were alkalized (pH > 10) and extracted with V (benzene):V(ethyl acetate) = 1:1, and qualitatively analyzed using GC-MS-Full Scan with internal standard SKF525A. The specimens were alkalized (pH > 10) and extracted with V(benzene):V(ethyl acetate) = 1:1, and quantitatively analyzed using GC-MS-SIM with internal standard diazepam-d5.@*RESULTS@#The lowest detection limits of trihexyphenidyl, chlorpromazine and clozapine were 0.3, 0.3 and 0.7 ng/mL (S/N > or = 3) respectively. The calibration curve in 20-10 000 ng/mL showed a good linear distribution. The recovery rate was 79.9% to 85.5%. The RSDs of intraday and interday were less than 5.1%.@*CONCLUSION@#The established method was simple, sensitive and accurate for simultaneous determination of trihexyphenidyl, chlorpromazine and clozapine in human blood, and can be applied in forensic toxicological cases.

Hepatitis viruses infection situation in Mianyang of the Sichuan province / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis viruses in Mianyang of the Sichuan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>EIISA was used for detecting anti-HAV IgG, HBsAg/HBsAb, anti-HCV IgG and anti-HEV IgG of the serum samples. All sample were collected in Mianyang areas in 2007.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1352 samples were detected. The positive rates of anti-HAV, HBsAg/HBsAb, anti-HCV,and anti-HEV are 81.07% (1096/1352), 5.40% (73/1352) and 61.32% (829/1352), 0.37% (5/1352) and 49.26% (666/1352), respectively. The positive rate at different age group, for anti-HAV was 38.21% of 10-19 years old, 83% of 20-29 years old, 88% of 30-39 years old, 95.03% of 40-49 years old, 97% of 50-59 years old, 97.77% of 60-69 years old, 97.52% of > or =70 years old. For HBsAg/HBsAb were 5.65% or 50.83%, 10.0% or 68.0%, 5.20% or 78.80%, 5.97% or 78.11%, 6.50% or 62.50%, 1.12% or 51.40%, 4.96% or 30.58% at the same age group, respectively,for anti-HCV, was 0.33% of 10-19 years old, 0.80% of 30-39 years, 0.56% of 60-69 years old, 0.83% of > or =70 years old.For HEV-IgG was 26.58% of 10-19 years old, 42.0% of 20-29 years old, 55.22%-61.0% of 30-> or =70 years old, for anti-HEV IgM, was 10.06% (53/527) in the positive samples of HEV-IgG.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The inoculation againt HAV and HBV is enhanced in the young population. HBsAg carrier and HCV infection is decreasing. The HEV infection is actually increasing.</p>

Analysis of 37 drugs in whole blood by HPLC after solid phase extraction / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To develop a specific, sensitive, reproducible SPE-HPLC method for the determination of 37 drugs in whole blood.@*METHODS@#With the doxapram as internal standard, Oasis column was used to extract drugs from whole blood. Two kinds of mobile phases were used in this study. Separations were achieved by a LiChrospher 100 RP-C18 (250 mm x 4.0 mm x 5 microm) column kept at 50 degrees C, the DAD detector was set at 230 nm and 250 nm.@*RESULTS@#The limit of detection were 1-30 ng/mL. The method showed excellent linearity and the linear correlation coefficient was > or =0.997 98. The relative standard deviation for between-day and within-day assay were <10%.@*CONCLUSION@#The method is effective, simple, reliable and has been used in real cases.

Study on colloidal gold labeled anti-buprenorphine monoclonal antibody for rapid test kit to detect buprenorphine / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To develope an easy to use, rapid and accurate test for detecting buprenorphine based on the principle of competitive immunoassay.@*METHODS@#Monoclonal antibody against buprenorphine was conjugated with colloidal gold and dispensed on the glass fiber. The complete antigen Buprenorphine-BSA and the goat anti-mouse IgG polyclonal antibody were separately sprayed on the nitrocellulose membrane as the test line (T line) and the control line (C line). The rapid test kit was the final assembled product of test strip with the plastic cover.@*RESULTS@#A total of 100 urine samples were tested for buprenorphine by immunochromatographic and GC/ MS methods. The accuracy was 99.0%. It is found the test kit can only detect by cross reaction with other 45 kind drugs.@*CONCLUSION@#Rapid test kit can detect buprenorphine in the samples in 5 minutes. The cut-off value of the test is 100 ng/mL.

Column-switching high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of morphine and O6-monoacetylmorphine in urine / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To develop a column-switching high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of morphine and O6-monoacetylmorphine in urine.@*METHODS@#Urine samples (1.0 ml) were spiked with 1.0 ml borate buffer, after centrifugation, 1.0 ml of supernate were injected directly into an extraction column (YWG C18 33 mm x 5.0 mm, 10 microns). After a washing step with the extraction mobile phase, the retained morphine and O6-monoacetylmorphine were flushed into the analytical column (Lichrospher 100 CN 125 mm x 4.0 mm, 5 microns) with the mobile phase CH3OH-H2O (60:40). The analytical mobile phase is CH3OH-phosphate buffer (pH6.86) (22:78). The UV detector was set at lambda 286 nm.@*RESULTS@#The method shows excellent linearity from 50 to 1,600 ng/ml for morphine and from 100 to 1,600 ng/ml for O6-monoacetylmorphine. The linear correlation coefficients were > 0.999. The relative standard deviations were < 4%. The limits of detection were 40 ng/ml for both morphine and O6-monoacetylmorphine.@*CONCLUSION@#The method described is sensitive, rapid, reproducible, and simple.