Variations of glucose content in Massa Medicata Fermentata during processing based on quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance / 中国中药杂志

A quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance(qHNMR) method was established to determine the glucose content in commercially available Massa Medicata Fermentata(MMF) products and explore the variations of glucose content in MMF products during processing. The qHNMR spectrum of MMF in deuterium oxide was obtained with 2,2,3,3-d_4-3-(trimethylsilyl) propionate sodium salt as the internal standard substance. With the doublet peaks of terminal hydrogen of glucose with chemical shift at δ 4.65 and δ 5.24 as quantitative peaks, the content of glucose in MMF samples was determined. The glucose content showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.10-6.44 mg·mL~(-1). The relative standard deviations(RSDs) of precision, stability, repeatability, and recovery for determination were all less than 2.3%. The glucose content varied in different commercially available MMF samples, which were associated with the different fermentation days, wheat bran-to-flour ratios, and processing methods. The glucose content in MMF first increased and then decreased over the fermentation time. Compared with the MMF products fermented with wheat bran or flour alone, the products fermented with both wheat bran and flour had increased glucose. The glucose content of bran-fried MMF was slightly lower than that of raw MMF, while the glucose content in charred MMF was extremely low. In conclusion, the qHNMR method established in this study is simple, fast, and accurate, serving as a new method for determining the glucose content in MMF. Furthermore, this study clarifies the variations of glucose content in MMF during processing, which can not only indicate the processing degree but also provide a scientific basis for revealing the fermentation mechanism and improving the quality control of MMF.

Epidemiological characteristics of typhus in China, 1950-2021 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of typhus in China from 1950 to 2021, and discuss the challenges in typhus prevention and control in China and suggest future prevention and control strategies. Methods: Based on the reported data of typhus from 1950 to 2021 in China from the Infectious Disease History Database of China Public Health Science Data Center and the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, we conducted a descriptive statistical analysis. Mann-Kendall test and circular distribution method were used to analyze the incidence, mortality and case fatality of typhus to reveal the temporal, spatial and population distributions and diagnosis of typhus in China. Results: From 1950 to 2021, a total of 452 965 typhus cases and 7 339 typhus deaths were reported in China, with the cases numbers exceeding 10 000 in 14 years of the 1950s, 1960s and 1980s, respectively. Since 1990s, the reported cases and incidence rate of typhus have decreased dramatically and the most cases were sporadic. However, the reported typhus cases in Anhui, Hubei, Hunan Provinces showed significant uptrends. Although typhus could occur all the year round, but the seasonality was observed with the incidence mainly in summer and autumn. For different provinces from the north to the south, the peaks of typhus' monthly incidence tended to shift to earlier dates. The male to female ratio of the cases was 1.01∶1 (18 529∶18 366). However, more cases occurred in women in recent years. The cases aged ≤9 years accounted for the highest proportion (18.9%), but the number of cases aged ≥50 years showed an upward trend. Most cases were farmers with the proportion increasing year by year. Moreover, the cases in students and scattered-living children also accounted for relatively higher proportions. The median of the interval between onset and diagnosis of typhus was 6 days. Most cases were clinically diagnosed, while the proportion of laboratory-confirmed cases was low and most laboratory cases were confirmed by Well-Felix reaction. Conclusions: Although the incidence and mortality of typhus in China has decreased significantly, the risk for local typhus outbreaks still exists. The prevention and control of typhus still face many challenges. It is indispensable to strengthen the pathogen detection and surveillance for typhus in China.

Epidemiological investigation on the local epidemic situation in Zhengzhou High-Tech Zone caused by SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant / 中华预防医学杂志

This study collected epidemic data of COVID-19 in Zhengzhou from January 1 to January 20 in 2022. The epidemiological characteristics of the local epidemic in Zhengzhou High-tech Zone caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant were analyzed through epidemiological survey and big data analysis, which could provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the Delta variant. In detail, a total of 276 close contacts and 599 secondary close contacts were found in this study. The attack rate of close contacts and secondary close contacts was 5.43% (15/276) and 0.17% (1/599), respectively. There were 10 confirmed cases associated with the chain of transmission. Among them, the attack rates in close contacts of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth generation cases were 20.00% (5/25), 17.86% (5/28), 0.72% (1/139) and 14.81% (4/27), 0 (0/57), respectively. The attack rates in close contacts after sharing rooms/beds, having meals, having neighbor contacts, sharing vehicles with the patients, having same space contacts, and having work contacts were 26.67%, 9.10%, 8.33%, 4.55%, 1.43%, and 0 respectively. Collectively, the local epidemic situation in Zhengzhou High-tech Zone has an obvious family cluster. Prevention and control work should focus on decreasing family clusters of cases and community transmission.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 particapates in ozone-induced lung inflammation and airway remodeling in mice / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation and airway remodeling in mice.@*METHODS@#Sixteen wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice and 16 ACE2 knock-out (KO) mice were exposed to either filtered air or ozone (0.8 ppm) for 3 h per day for 5 consecutive days. Masson's staining and HE staining were used to observe lung pathologies. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and the total cell count was determined. The total proteins and cytokines in BALF were determined by BCA and ELISA method. The transcription levels of airway remodeling-related indicators in the lung tissues were detected using real-time quantitative PCR. The airway resistance of the mice was measured using a small animal ventilator with methacholine stimulation.@*RESULTS@#Following ozoneexposure ACE2 KO mice had significantly higher lung pathological scores than WT mice (P < 0.05). Masson staining results showed that compared with ozone-exposed WT mice, ozone-exposed ACE2 KO mice presented with significantly larger area of collagen deposition in the bronchi [(19.62±3.16)% vs (6.49±1.34)%, P < 0.05] and alveoli [(21.63±3.78)% vs (4.44±0.99)%, P < 0.05]. The total cell count and total protein contents in the BALF were both higher in ozone-exposed ACE2 KO mice than in WT mice, but these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, CXCL1/KC and MCP-1 in the BALF were all higher in ozone-exposed ACE2 KO mice than in ozone-exposed WT mice, but only the difference in IL-1β was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The transcription levels of MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP 4, COL1A1, and TGF-β in the lung tissues were all significantly higher in ozone-exposed ACE2 KO mice (P < 0.01). No significant difference was found in airway resistance between ozone-exposed ACE KO mice and WT mice after challenge with 0, 10, 25, or 100 mg/mL of methacholine.@*CONCLUSION@#ACE2 participates in ozone-induced lung inflammation and airway remodeling in mice.

Survival analysis of HIV/AIDS patients with antiretroviral therapy among drug users in Yili Prefecture from 2005 to 2019 / 预防医学

Objective@#To understand the survival status and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) among drug users in Yili Prefecture, Xinjiang from 2005 to 2019, so as to provide references for reducing AIDS mortality. @*Methods @#The demographic information, clinical stage, baseline CD4+T lymphocyte ( CD4 ) level and treatment status of HIV/AIDS patients with HAART in Yili Prefecture from 2005 to 2019 were collected through AIDS Antiretroviral Therapy Information System. The survival rate was calculated by the life table method. The influencing factors for survival time were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression model.@*Results@#Totally 1 935 patients were recruited, the median age receiving HAART was 37 years old and the median CD4 counts was 293/μL. The cumulative survival rates at 1, 5, 7 and 10 years were 97%, 78%, 73%, and 66%, respectively. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the patients with body mass index of 18.5-<28.0 kg/m2 ( HR: 0.391-0.656, 95%CI: 0.234-0.958 ), baseline CD4>200/μL ( HR: 0.354-0.667, 95%CI: 0.232-0.841 ) , or missed medication in the last 7 days ( HR=0.009, 95%CI: 0.001-0.061 ) had lower risk of death; the patients with WHO clinical stage of Ⅱ-Ⅳ ( HR: 1.479-2.311, 95%CI: 1.004-3.288 ) or treatment delay ≥1 years ( HR: 1.287-1.388, 95%CI: 1.029-1.826 ) had higher risk of death. @*Conclusions@#The 5-year cumulative survival rate of HIV/AIDS patients with HAART in Yili Prefecture is 78%. Body mass index, baseline CD4 level, WHO clinical stage, treatment delay and missed medication in last 7 days were the influencing factors for survival time.

Value of high resolution magnetic resonance imaging for preoperative evaluation of Denonvilliers fascia in patients with rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the gold standard for surgical treatment of mid-low rectal cancer, but the postoperative incidence of urination and sexual dysfunction is relatively high. Preserving the Denonvilliers fascia (DF) during TME can reduce the postoperative incidence of urination and sexual dysfunction. In this study, high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to observe the imaging performance and display of DF, so as to determine the value of this technique in preoperative evaluation of the preservation of DF. Methods: A descriptive cohort study was carried out. Clinical data of patients with rectal cancer who underwent TME and received preoperative high-resolution MRI at department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from August 2015 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The characteristics of DF were examined, and the shortest distance (d) between the anterior edge of tumor and DF was measured on high-resolution MRI. The distance d was compared between patients with stage T1-T2 and those with stage T3. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the predictive value of d for stage T1-T2 disease. Results: Thirty-two patients were enrolled in the study, including 27 males and 5 females with mean age of (62.9±8.9) years. DF was visualized in 96.9% (31/32) of cases on the T2WI sequence. The mean distance d in patients with stage T1-T2 disease (n=23) was (6.73±2.65) mm, and in those with stage T3 disease (n=9) was (1.30±1.15) mm (t=5.893, P<0.001). A cutoff of d >3 mm yielded specificity and positive predictive value for diagnosing stage T1-T2 disease of both 100%, sensitivity of 95.7% and negative predictive value of 90%. The optimum threshold of d was >3.05 mm, and Youden index was 0.957. Conclusions: High-resolution MRI can show the DF and accurately evaluate the relationship of DF with tumor in rectal cancer patients. Analysis on d value can provide an objective basis for the safe preservation of DF.

A 2020 Vision of Hypertension

Hypertension is a common chronic disease affecting a large section of the general population. Hypertension is highly prevalent in the elderly because blood pressure (BP) rises with age. The risk of developing hypertension increases with predisposing genes, intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity and childhood obesity. BP is easier to control in the young. Non-pharmacological treatment through lifestyle changes, such as weight control and leisure-time physical activity, is more likely to be successful in young people. Hypertension in older adults is more difficult to control, requiring the use of more than one antihypertensive drug. Adverse effects and compliance become problematic. Much research is now directed at novel ways of controlling BP such as denervation. The change in definition of hypertension in the American guideline highlights the need to identify and manage hypertension early, at a stage when it is potentially reversible.

PD-1 / PD-L1 and CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies: gastrointestinal toxicity and treatment / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

PD-1 / PD-L1 (programmed cell death 1 / programmed cell death 1 ligand 1) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4) are currently approved major immune checkpoints. Immune checkpoint inhibitors against them are novel monoclonal antibodies that perform well in a variety of malignancies such as melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, urothelial carcinoma and Hodgkin's lympho-ma. However, with the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune-related adverse events can-not be ignored. The incidence of gastrointestinal toxicity is second only to skin toxicity. In this review, we focused on the mechanisms of these immune checkpoint inhibitors and the characteristics of gastrointestinal toxicity induced by them, and also discussed the clinical management strategies.

Relationship among depression,anxiety and social support in elderly patients from community outpa-tient clinic / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship among depression,anxiety and social support in elderly patients in community outpatient clinic. Methods A total of 551 elderly outpatients from two com-munity health service centers of Hongkou District in Shanghai were evaluated with patient health question-naire-9 (PHQ-9),generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7),perceived social support scale( PSSS) for de-pression,anxiety,physical health and social support. Results The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety were 26. 1% and 17. 2%,respectively. The scores of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were 2. 0(4. 0) and 1. 0(2. 0). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of family support,friend support,other support and social support among the elderly patients with different degrees of depression or anxiety (P<0. 01). Fam-ily support(B=-0. 196) and friend support(B=-0. 171) were protective factors of depression in elderly pa-tients in community outpatient clinic. Age,family support and friend support were protective factors of anxiety in elderly patients,while gender and fluctuation of physical diseases were protective factors of anxiety(P<0. 05). Con-clusions The depression and anxiety is intimately related to social support in elderly outpatients. Appropriate measures should be taken to optimize social support,mitigate bad mood negative improve their quality of life.

PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies: gastrointestinal toxicity and treatment / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4) are currently approved major immune checkpoints. Immune checkpoint inhibitors against them are novel monoclonal antibodies that perform well in a variety of malignancies such as melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, urothelial carcinoma and Hodgkin′s lymphoma. However, with the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune-related adverse events cannot be ignored. The incidence of gastrointestinal toxicity is second only to skin toxicity. In this review, we focused on the mechanisms of these immune checkpoint inhibitors and the characteristics of gastrointestinal toxicity induced by them, and also discussed the clinical management strategies.

Chemical constituents and pharmacological effect of eaglewoood: research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

Eaglewood is a rare and precious traditional medicine in China. It mainly contains the characteristic sesquiterpenes,2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones,aromatic compounds and the others. Eaglewood is used to treat disorders related to the digestive system,respiratory system,cardiovascular system,and central nervous system. This review sum- marizes the chemical constitutuents and pharmacological effect of eaglewood,so as to provide a reference for further re- search and development of eaglewood.

In vitro antioxidant activity of phenolic-enriched extracts from Zhangping Narcissus tea cake and their inhibition on growth and metastatic capacity of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Phenolics, as the main bioactive compounds in tea, have been suggested to have potential in the prevention of various human diseases. However, little is known about phenolics and their bioactivity in Zhangping Narcissue tea cake which is considered the most special kind of oolong tea. To unveil its bioactivity, three phenolic-enriched extracts were obtained from Zhangping Narcissue tea cake using ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Their main chemical compositions and in vitro bioactivity were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The ethyl acetate fraction (ZEF) consisted of higher content of phenolics, flavonoids, procyanidins, and catechin monomers (including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and gallocatechin gallate (GCG)) than n-butanol fraction (ZBF) and water fraction (ZWF). ZEF exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacity in vitro due to its abundant bioactive compounds. This was validated by Pearson correlation and hierarchical clustering analyses. ZEF also showed a remarkable inhibition on the growth, migration, and invasion of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells.

Application of Digestive Endoscopy in Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Infection / 中国医学科学院学报

Helicobacter pylori (Hp),a proven pathogen of digestive disease,is closely associated with gastrointestinal diseases including peptic ulcer,chronic active gastritis,stomach cancer,and stomach-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Thus,precise and timely diagnosis of Hp is of great significance. In addition to C or C breath test,rapid urease test,and other commonly used Hp diagnosis methods,some new endoscopic techniques such as magnifying endoscopy,narrow-band imaging,confocal laser endomicroscopy,Fuji intelligent chromoendoscopy,and I scanning have been used for the direct observation of the fine-structure of stomach with Hp infection or for the identification of living Hp. This article reviews the application of digestive endoscopy in the diagnosis of Hp infection.

Risk management of medical equipment clinical trial / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To propose a set of management methods for minimized risk and continuous improvement of medical equipment clinical trial.Methods The problems were summarized on pre-trial preparation,design and signing of informed consent,insurance-related issues,supervision and quality control,perception of adverse events,and then some countermeas-ures were put forward accordingly.Results A risk management system was established for medical equipment clinical trial whole-course management.Conclusion Planning,recognition and evaluation have to be implemented over all the links of medical equipment clinical trial risk management,and corresponding countermeasures should be carried out for minimized risk and continuous improvement.

Repeated Failure in Reward Pursuit Alters Innate Drosophila Larval Behaviors / 神经科学通报·英文版

Animals always seek rewards and the related neural basis has been well studied. However, what happens when animals fail to get a reward is largely unknown, although this is commonly seen in behaviors such as predation. Here, we set up a behavioral model of repeated failure in reward pursuit (RFRP) in Drosophila larvae. In this model, the larvae were repeatedly prevented from reaching attractants such as yeast and butyl acetate, before finally abandoning further attempts. After giving up, they usually showed a decreased locomotor speed and impaired performance in light avoidance and sugar preference, which were named as phenotypes of RFRP states. In larvae that had developed RFRP phenotypes, the octopamine concentration was greatly elevated, while tβh mutants devoid of octopamine were less likely to develop RFRP phenotypes, and octopamine feeding efficiently restored such defects. By down-regulating tβh in different groups of neurons and imaging neuronal activity, neurons that regulated the development of RFRP states and the behavioral exhibition of RFRP phenotypes were mapped to a small subgroup of non-glutamatergic and glutamatergic octopaminergic neurons in the central larval brain. Our results establish a model for investigating the effect of depriving an expected reward in Drosophila and provide a simplified framework for the associated neural basis.

Establishment pharmacological research platform for "Concurrent treatment of the brain and heart" and its application on dissecting mechanism of Danhong injection / 中国中药杂志

The Concurrent treatment of the brain and heart (CTBH) theory is proposed based on traditional Chinese medical theory and clinical practice. In this study, a framework for the pharmacological research platform was established to investigate the principles of concurrent treatment of the brain and heart. The platform for CTBH includes several key techniques for network modeling, discovery of active substances, dissecting mechanism of action and investigation of pharmacokinetic property of TCM. Taking network modeling of CTBH as an example, using database search, literature mining, network construction and module analysis, the that network modules closely associated with the pathological progress of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were identified, while further functional enrichment analysis of these modules indicated that the key biological processes included oxidative stress, metabolism and inflammation. GSK3B, NOTCH1, CDK4 were identified as key nodes in these network modules. The above-mentioned platform was applied to construct component-biomolecules network of Danhong injection for the identification of common targets and pathways. Among them, GSK3B had the highest correlation with the composition of Danhong injection in the network, and the biological function of whose cluster was related to cell oxidative stress. Based upon results of network analysis, validation experiments suggested that Danhong injection significantly improved the survival rate of oxidative injured myocardial cells and nerve cells, and the protective effect was related to the increase of phosphorylated GSK3β protein expression. Moreover, extracts of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Carthami Flos exerted the synergisticcytoprotective effect. The results indicated that the mechanism of treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of Danhong injection could be studied through network modeling and other methods. In summary, the proposed pharmacological platform provided a feasible way for revealing the mechanism of CTBH by using modern scientific methods.

Development of multifunctional medical flowmeter / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To fulfill the precise control of the liquid flow by a multifunctional medical flowmeter. Methods The flowmeter had a separated structure, and was composed of a liquid pipeline unit and a flow control unit. The flow control unit apprehended a velocity of liquid level changes in the sterile pipeline by ultrasonic sensing technique, and regulated fluid speed by a SCM-controlled electromagnetic valve. Results The requirements for sterile environment were fulfilled by the sterile liquid pipeline, and the flow control unit realized precision control of flow rate and achieved the expected effect. Conclusion The flowmeter has simple structure, low cost, convenient operation and use, can greatly reduce the workload of the nursing staff and the possible health risks, and thus is worthy promoting practically.

A study on the effects of comprehensive intervention on social function and quality of life in patients with bipolar disorder in maintenance treatment period / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of comprehensive intervention on social function and quality of life of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) in maintenance treatment period.Methods A total of 83 patients with BD were assigned into intervention group (n=41) and control group (n=42).Based on the original drug treatment,the intervention group was given comprehensive intervention,including BD health education,drug self-management,serf-monitoring of symptoms,interpersonal skills,coping and relaxation skills,learning to seek help from medical staff and others.The control group was treated with simple drug therapy.Before grouping,at the end of the third month and twelfth month,Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS),Hamilton Depression Scale 17 items (HAMD17),Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS),Short Form 36 items Health survey Questionnaire (SF-36) were assessed.Results There were no differences in YMRS,HAMD,SDSS total score between the two groups before grouping(P＞0.05).The score of YMRS in the intervention group ((0.59±1.45) was lower than that in the control group(2.07±3.87) at the end of the 12th month,the difference was statistically significant (P=0.024).The score of SDSS in the intervention group (1.63± 1.77,0.78± 1.78) were statistically lower than that in control group (3.57± 1.78,2.74± 1.27) at the end of the 3th and 12th month(P＜0.01).There were statistically differences between the two groups in rolephysical(RP) (t=2.858,P =0.005),role-emotional (RE) (t =2.956,P =0.005),social function (SF) (t =4.163,P＜0.01),vitality (VT) (t =5.150,P＜ 0.01),mental health (MH) (t =2.830,P=0.007),general health (GH) (t=4.055,P＜0.01),difference in reported health transition (HT) (t=-2.092,P=0.042)at the end of 3th month.The differences were statistically significant in RE (t =3.290,P =0.001),SF (t =2.876,P =0.006),VT(t=5.831,P＜0.01),MH(t=4.839,P＜0.01),GH(t=3.752,P＜0.01) at the end of 12th month between the two groups.Conclusion On the base of medicine treatment,comprehensive intervention can effectively improve the social function and life quality of patients with BD in maintenance treatment period.

A study on the effects of comprehensive intervention on social function and quality of life in patients with bipolar disorder in maintenance treatment period / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of comprehensive intervention on social function and quality of life of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) in maintenance treatment period.Methods A total of 83 patients with BD were assigned into intervention group (n=41) and control group (n=42).Based on the original drug treatment,the intervention group was given comprehensive intervention,including BD health education,drug self-management,serf-monitoring of symptoms,interpersonal skills,coping and relaxation skills,learning to seek help from medical staff and others.The control group was treated with simple drug therapy.Before grouping,at the end of the third month and twelfth month,Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS),Hamilton Depression Scale 17 items (HAMD17),Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS),Short Form 36 items Health survey Questionnaire (SF-36) were assessed.Results There were no differences in YMRS,HAMD,SDSS total score between the two groups before grouping(P＞0.05).The score of YMRS in the intervention group ((0.59±1.45) was lower than that in the control group(2.07±3.87) at the end of the 12th month,the difference was statistically significant (P=0.024).The score of SDSS in the intervention group (1.63± 1.77,0.78± 1.78) were statistically lower than that in control group (3.57± 1.78,2.74± 1.27) at the end of the 3th and 12th month(P＜0.01).There were statistically differences between the two groups in rolephysical(RP) (t=2.858,P =0.005),role-emotional (RE) (t =2.956,P =0.005),social function (SF) (t =4.163,P＜0.01),vitality (VT) (t =5.150,P＜ 0.01),mental health (MH) (t =2.830,P=0.007),general health (GH) (t=4.055,P＜0.01),difference in reported health transition (HT) (t=-2.092,P=0.042)at the end of 3th month.The differences were statistically significant in RE (t =3.290,P =0.001),SF (t =2.876,P =0.006),VT(t=5.831,P＜0.01),MH(t=4.839,P＜0.01),GH(t=3.752,P＜0.01) at the end of 12th month between the two groups.Conclusion On the base of medicine treatment,comprehensive intervention can effectively improve the social function and life quality of patients with BD in maintenance treatment period.

Study on balance of process of alcohol precipitation of ganmaoling granules / 中国中药杂志

Ganmaoling granule is the first brand of domestic cold medicine sales, but its preparation method and process control parameters are relatively rough. Therefore it is urgent to upgrade the technologies of large varieties of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This paper focused on the balance between the remove of impurity and the retention of linarin during the process of alcohol precipitation of Ganmaoling granules. The effects of four factors on the process were investigated via single factor experiments. The results showed that the precipitating period, the initial ethanol concentration and the final ethanol concentration had a great effect on retention of linarin while the initial density of the extract has not. Similarly, the initial ethanol concentration, the final ethanol concentration and the initial extract density have a great effect on the yield of dry extract while the time of alcohol precipitation has not. The parameters of alcohol precipitation of Ganmaoling granules were optimized as 16 h of precipitating period, 95% ethanol as the initial reagent, 70% of the final ethanol concentration, and 1.10 of the initial extract density.