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The 2023 American Society of Clinical Oncology Genitourinary Cancers Symposium unveiled numerous research advances which provide meaningful insights into the selection of treatment regimens of prostate cancer. Precision multi-treatment based on patients’ characteristics has become the predominant approach, including the use of a three-drug combination therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, and poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitor therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nuclear medicine therapy and radiotherapy are also receiving significant attention. Integrated nuclear medicine diagnosis and therapy show immense potential for non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Additionally, for localized prostate cancer, stereotactic body radiotherapy is a preferred alternative to surgery. This article sheds light on several key studies presented at the conference, focuses on prostate cancer treatment at different stages, and intends to enhance the therapeutic outcome for prostate cancer patients.
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Objective: To establish a rapid and specific quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic nucleocapsid RNA (SgN) in patients with COVID-19 or environmental samples. Methods: The qPCR assay was established by designing specific primers and TaqMan probe based on the SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequence in Global Initiative of Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database. The reaction conditions were optimized by using different annealing temperature, different primers and probe concentrations and the standard curve was established. Further, the specificity, sensitivity and repeatability were also assessed. The established SgN and genomic RNA (gRNA) qPCR assays were both applied to detect 21 environmental samples and 351 clinical samples containing 48 recovered patients. In the specimens with both positive gRNA and positive SgN, 25 specimens were inoculated on cells. Results: The primers and probes of SgN had good specificity for SARS-CoV-2. The minimum detection limit of the preliminarily established qPCR detection method for SgN was 1.5×102 copies/ml, with a coefficient of variation less than 1%. The positive rate of gRNA in 372 samples was 97.04% (361/372). The positive rates of SgN in positive environmental samples and positive clinical samples were 36.84% (7/19) and 49.42% (169/342), respectively. The positive rate and copy number of SgN in Wild strain were lower than those of SARS-CoV-2 Delta strain. Among the 25 SgN positive samples, 12 samples within 5 days of sampling time were all isolated with virus; 13 samples sampled for more than 12 days had no cytopathic effect. Conclusion: A qPCR method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 SgN has been successfully established. The sensitivity, specificity and repeatability of this method are good.
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Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , COVID-19/diagnóstico , RNA Subgenômico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , RNA Viral/genética , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Nucleocapsídeo/química , Teste para COVID-19RESUMO
Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of dermatomyositis with kidney neoplasm.Methods:The data of two patients with dermatomyositis complicated with kidney neoplasm in Tongji Hospital from January to February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The first case was a 55-year-old female, who was admitted with the chief complaints of recurrent erythema of upper extremities for 2 months and facial erythema for 1 month. Physical examination: erythema can be seen on upper limbs and face, no tenderness or percussion pain in kidney area. Myositis enzyme profile test showed that anti-Mi-2 antibody and anti-SSA /Ro-52 antibody were positive. Contrast CT showed nodular uneven enhancement in the right kidney with a size of 50 mm×41 mm. The second case was a 58-year-old female, who was admitted with the chief complaints of kidney occupying for a month. Physical examination: flaky erythema on face, no tenderness or percussion pain in kidney area. Myositis enzyme profile test showed that anti-Ro-52 antibody and anti-MDA5 antibody were positive. Contrast CT showed a significantly uneven enhanced mass with a size of about 50 mm×41 mm on left kidney. Both patients were diagnosed with kidney neoplasm before surgery and underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in Tongji Hospital.Results:Both patients received regular oral prednisone after surgery. The pathological presentation of case 1 was papillary renal cell carcinoma, the facial erythema subsided 1 month after surgery, and there was no tumor recurrence for 13 months. The pathological presentation of case 2 was clear cell renal cell carcinoma, facial erythema subsided 2 weeks after surgery, and there was no tumor recurrence for 12 months.Conclusions:The diagnosis of dermatomyositis should be combined with clinical manifestations and laboratory examination, and the possibility of malignant tumor should be excluded due to the high likelihood of concomitant malignancy. For patients with dermatomyositis with kidney neoplasm, the main treatment is still surgery, and supplemented with glucocorticoid therapy.
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), as a label-free imaging technique with high coverage and sensitivity is widely used for visualizing the spatial distribution of proteins, peptides and small metabolites in tissues. With the development of MALDI technique, MALDI-MSI is also employed to monitor the spatial distribution of phytochemical constituents of medicinal plants. In this review, we first briefly introduce MALDI-MSI technique, and we focus on its application in the spatial distribution and accumulation of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. The ultimate advantage of using MALDI-MSI for spatial distribution analysis at the molecular level, offers crucial evidence of synthesis, transfer and accumulation of bioactive molecules in medicinal plants.
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β2-Adrenoceptor agonists are highly effective bronchodilators and are widely used in the treatment of both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. In the last 15 years, there has been great interest within the pharmaceutical industry in the discovery of a long β2-adrenoceptor agonist for a mono-therapy or combination therapy. The search for new long-acting β2-adrenoreceptor agonists (LABA's), for the treatment of asthma and COPD, has become a very active area of drug discovery. This article reviews the mechanisms, potential candidates and research advances of long β2-adrenoceptor agonists.
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Objective:To summarize the drug repercussion data in outpatient pharmacy and analyze the reasons to provide sugges-tions for the improvement. Methods: The information was collected from the hospital information system ( HIS) during January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2015, including drug name, category, quantity, amount, reasons for drug repercussion and the other statisti-cal data. Results:During the three years, the number of prescription drugs, amount of money and varieties of drug repercussion were increased. The most common reasons for drug repercussion were the other reasons, withdrawn by doctors and the request of patients. The sum of drug repercussion was positively correlated with the drug price and the amount of drug repercussion. Conclusion:The op-tion simplicity for drug repercussion in HIS is the main reason for drug repercussion bythe other reasons. The occurrence of drug re-percussion should be intervened by such methods as gradually improving the HIS, establishing intervention measures, enhancing the professional quality of pharmacists and so on.
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Mitochondria are the main places of cellular respiration as well as the citric acid cycle and oxidative phospho‐rylation .It plays an important role in controlling the life and death of cells .Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to a series of human diseases such as ischemia‐reperfusion injury ,sepsis and diabetes .Mitochondrial become an attractive target for drug transporters strategy and therapeutic targets for neurodegeneration .Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for mitochondria media‐ted disease processes are not fully elucidated yet ,the oxidative stress appears to be critical .Accordingly ,strategies are being de‐veloped for the targeted delivery of antioxidants to mitochondria .The prospect of development of mitochondrial targeted drugs with anti‐oxidative stress protection is tempting .Mitochondrial targeting antioxidants were the antioxidant drugs which took mi‐tochondria as the target site .In this review ,weintroduced the conception and classification of mitochondrial targeted antioxidants and the research progress of disease treatment by mitochondrial targeted antioxidants .
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Objective:To analyze the improvement effect of smart drugs shelves on the service process in the outpatient pharmacy and to provide supporting data for the new service process. Methods:The dispensing time of pharmacists and the waiting time of pa-tients were studied and compared before and after the use of smart drugs shelves. Results: After the use of smart drugs shelves, 71. 52% of dispensing time was in 5min, and more than 95% was in 10min. In the 9 periods, the medians of patient waiting time on Oct 21, 2013 were all shorter than those on Oct 18, 2010. Conclusion:The use of smart drugs shelves can improve service efficiency, shorten patient waiting time and enhance service level of outpatient pharmacy.