Cancer survivor's dietary safety management awareness and competency type / 한국영양학회지

Purpose@#Although the number of cancer survivors is increasing because of early diagnosis and better treatment, they are worried about relapses and metastasis. This study examined the dietary safety management awareness, capacity, and behavior of cancer survivors. @*Methods@#Data were collected from 233 cancer survivors in Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas using a self-administered 5-Likert questionnaire from March to May 2018. Frequency analysis, one-way analysis of variance, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis were analyzed using the SPSS. @*Results@#The average score for each factor was as follows: importance of weight management (3.83), education requirement (3.79), unhealthy diet (reverse, 3.64), food safety anxiety (3.34), lack of awareness of over and malnutrition (reverse, 3.26), obsession (3.23), cooking capacity (3.16), health-function pursuit (3.04), balanced diet (2.93), and chronic disease anxiety (2.64). The average dietary safety competency factors were significantly lower among the male survivors, aged 60–80 years, lower economic condition, and less nutritional supplement intake. Female survivors comprised the highest proportion with high health management and cooking capacity, while men had the lowest of all the factors (p < 0.001).The group that was low in all three capacity factors had a significantly lower average score of difficulty in acquiring knowledge (reverse), lack of awareness of over- and malnutrition (reverse), importance of weight management, education requirement, knowledge, balanced diet, and health-functional pursuit compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). @*Conclusion@#To effectively manage health, dietary safety management education should be differentiated and actively conducted according to sex, age, cancer diagnosis time, economic status, nutritional supplement intake, and the capacity cluster of cancer survivors.

The effect of tamoxifen therapy on the endometrium and ovarian cyst formation in patients with breast cancer

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of tamoxifen on female reproductive organs in women with breast cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 309 women with breast cancer who were currently receiving tamoxifen and undergoing regular gynecological examination. RESULTS: We evaluated 92 pre- and 217 postmenopausal women. The prevalence of endometrial thickening was 12% in the pre- and 10.6% in the postmenopausal group. An endometrial biopsy was performed in 43 women and confirmed endometrial cancer in 1, endometrial polyps in 14, and endometrial hyperplasia in 4 women. Transvaginal ultrasonography showed 25 cases of newly developed ovarian cysts. Most ovarian cysts had disappeared during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Tamoxifen use in women with breast cancer causes few complications and is considered safe for female reproductive organs in case of regular gynecological examination.

Evaluation of a Commercial Glycoprotein Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Measuring Vaccine Immunity to Varicella

PURPOSE: To evaluate a recently marketed commercial glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpEIA) kit, the VaccZyme(TM) VZV gpEIA, for measuring the immunity of varicella-vaccinated children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the accuracy and reproducibility of the VaccZyme(TM) VZV gpEIA kit for the detection of antibodies to VZV. We also examined the sensitivity, specificity, and correlation between antibody titers calculated with gpEIA versus fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) by using sera of 349 children, ranging from 1 to 6 years old. RESULTS: VaccZyme(TM) VZV gpEIA gave precise and reproducible intra- and inter-assay results. FAMA and gpEIA titers showed a linear correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.987). The sensitivity and specificity of the VaccZyme(TM) gpEIA was 31.4% and 100%, respectively, when the guidelines of the gpEIA (<100 mIU/mL) and FAMA 1:4 were adopted as cutoff values. However, the maximum sensitivity and specificity were 88.9% and 95.1%, respectively, with the highest correlation (kappa=0.840), if the cutoff values were set with gpEIA at 49.7 mIU/mL and FAMA 1:16. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the VaccZyme(TM) VZV gpEIA kit gave precise and reproducible data for measuring antibody titer after varicella vaccination. The results also showed that the antibody titer calculated with the VaccZyme(TM) gpEIA kit strongly correlated with the FAMA titer. However, cutoff values should be re-optimized for the evaluation of vaccine immunity.

Measurements of Salinity and Salt Content by Menu Types Served at Industry Foodservice Operations in Daegu / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate salinity and sodium content in foods served at industry foodservice operations in selected workplaces in Daegu. The researcher collected 1,142 food items categorized into 22 menu item groups from lunch samples served at 100 industry foodservice operations and measured the salinity of the food items, and calculated sodium and salt contents from the salinity. In terms of salt content of one meal at each workplace, 46% of the meals were 3-<5 g, and only 3.0% of them were 1.7 g or less, which is one third of the daily target intake (5 g) presented by the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. In terms of sodium content, 35.3% of the meals were 1,000-< 1,500 mg (most), and only 2.5% of them were 667 mg or less, which is, again, one third of the daily target intake. As to the salinity of each menu item group, side dishes such as sauces, kimchi, seasoned vegetables, hard-boiled foods, and stir-fried foods were significantly higher, but the sodium content was not higher, because their quantity per serving was small. The salinity of foods with liquid such as stews, noodles, soups, and broths was relatively lower, but the sodium content was higher, because their quantity per serving was large. This indicates that an education program should be developed for foodservice workers who prepare food for the workplace regarding the development and promotion of various menus for reducing sodium content, in order to reduce sodium content in meals served by food service in the workplace.

An Evaluation of Food Delivery Worker Sanitation Management Practices that Supply Food to School Foodservices

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sanitation management of school foodstuffs and the sanitation knowledge of delivery company workers. A questionnaire that identified employee's food safety sanitation management, knowledge, and practices was developed based on a review of the literature. The subjects consisted of 201 delivery company workers from 38 delivery companies in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk area. The workers were 30-39 years of age (41.3%) with 1-3 years of working experience (30.8%). Approximately 62% of the respondents were educated and had 1-2 years of food safety experience, 52.7% of the respondents delivered foodstuffs to two schools in the morning. The total score for delivery company worker sanitation knowledge was 3.75/7.00, which was low. The total mean sanitary performance score for factory workers was 4.58/5.00. They indicated that the most difficult part of the operation is delivering on time. Temperature management was another difficulty. In order to secure the best quality of school food to be supplied safely, the thorough sanitation education must be conducted to the school dieticians and delivery company managers.

Seroepidemiologic Survey of Varicella-Zoster Virus in Korean Adults Using Glycoprotein Enzyme Immuno Assay and Fluorescent Antibody to Membrane Antigen Test

BACKGROUND: Herpes zoster (HZ) occurs mainly in the elderly and Korea is rapidly becoming an aging society. Therefore, it is important to know the immune status against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in Korean adults to prevent the disease. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to survey the immune status of Korean adults over 40 years of age against VZV. METHODS: Antibody titer was measured using a VaccZyme(TM) VZV glycoprotein enzyme immunoassay (gpEIA) (Binding Site, UK). Fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) test was performed to measure the seropositive rate. RESULTS: HZ incidence in the 214 adults enrolled in this study was 10.3%. The gpEIA geometric mean titer (GMT) was 490 mIU/ml and 90.2% of the subjects had a protective level of gpEIA antibody titer against varicella. The average gpEIA GMT of adults who previously had HZ was 1,122 mIU/ml, which was higher than the average gpEIA GMT of 457 mIU/ml in adults who had not had HZ. The FAMA positive rate was 98.6%. CONCLUSION: Most (90.2%) Korean adults > or =40-years-of-age have a protective level of gpEIA antibody against varicella and 98.6% were FAMA seropositive. The GMT of gpEIA antibody was significantly increased with age, and was higher in adults with a history of HZ.

A Case of Primary Duodenal Adenocarcinoma Treated by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Primary nonampullary duodenal adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare disease. In the past, almost all duodenal adenocarcinomas were detected at an advanced stage. Yet recently, an increased number of case reports of early duodenal adenocarcinoma has coincided with the advances in the field of endoscopy, and there has also been an increased number of case reports of duodenal adenocarcinoma treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. We report here on a case of primary nonampullary duodenal adenocarcinoma that was treated by endoscopic mucosal resection, and there has been no recurrence for over 3 years, as assessed by endoscopic examination.

Microbiological Safety During Processing of Food Ingredients Supplied to Elementary School Food Services in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Provinces

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the microbiological safety of food ingredients supplied to elementary school food services during processing. For this purpose, fifteen food ingredients and twelve factories were chosen in the provinces of Daegu and Gyeongbuk. Total plate counts and coliform counts were reduced in the ingredients after washing, but they increased after packing. After packing, the following levels of total plate counts and coliforms were detected, respectively: peeled bellflower roots (1.2~3.6x10(6), 3.1~4.6x10(5) CFU/g), blanched vegetables (5.6x10(3)~2.0x10(5), <5~1.5x10(4) CFU/g), soybean curd ( <5~5.4x10(3), <5~2.2x10(3) CFU/g), buckwheat starch jelly ( <5, <5 CFU/g), soybean sprouts (1.2x10(6)~1.8x10(7), 2.4x10(5)~4.3x10(6) CFU/g), mackerel (2.2x10(2), 1.3x10(2) CFU/g), chicken (3.8x10(4), 6.7x10(2) CFU/g), pork (6.7x10(2), <5 CFU/g), and beef (9.4x10(2)~5.2x10(4), <5~2.1x10(3) CFU/g). Generally, the microbiological safety of the food ingredients was better during the processing stage than during the other stages, with the exception of packing. Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Bacillus cereus were detected in small amounts on the peeled bellflower roots, chicken, and pork, respectively. These results indicate that peeled bellflower roots, chicken, and pork need to be sanitized at the washing stage and cross contamination must be prevented at the packing stage.

Orbital Solitary Fibrous Tumor : A Case Report and Diagnostic Clues

Orbital solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare tumor originating from the mesenchyme. We describe the clinical presentations, radiological and operative findings, and pathological features of a patient with orbital SFT. The patient was a 46-year-old female who presented with progressive proptosis advanced for 20 months. On ophthalmological examination, no visual impairment was detected, but left eye was found to be obviously protruded on exophthalmometry. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed a 2.5 x 2 x 2 cm, intensely enhanced mass in the left orbit, which compressed the eyeball forward and the optic nerve downward. The patient underwent frontal craniotomy with superior orbitotomy and gross total resection was performed for the tumor. The histopathological diagnosis including immunohistochemistry was a SFT. After the surgery, proptosis was markedly relieved without visual impairment. Although orbital SFT is extremely rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital tumors. Clinical presentations such as painless proptosis and CD34 immunoreactivity play a significant role in differentiating orbital SFT from other spindle-cell neoplasms of the orbit.

A Case of an Atypical Carcinoid Tumor Arising in Ulcerative Colitis / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease manifested by diffuse continuous mucosal and submucosal inflammation. Adenocarcinoma of the colon may be complicated in the long-standing, extensive ulcerative colitis. But the case of an atypical carcinoid tumor arising in the chronic ulcerative colitis has been very rarely reported. A case was experienced involving a 54-year-old woman with chronic ulcerative pancolitis that was complicated by an atypical carcinoid tumor of the sigmoid colon. A small, flat, elevated lesion was found at the sigmoid colon, 8 years after the initial diagnosis of ulcerative colitis had been made. The microscopic finding of the lesion showed the nest of moderately differentiated, medium sized cells with large nuclei. The immunohistochemical stains for cytokeratin, NSE, chromogranin A, and synaptophysin were positive.The patient was treated with a total colectomy accompanied with an ileostomy, and is now in a very favor able state of recovery.

A Retrospective Study with Immunohistochemical Analysis of Axillary Nodal Micrometastasis in Breast Cancer / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: It is well established that the presence of axillary nodal metastases is the most important prognostic factor in primary operable breast cancer. However, it has also been shown that 15-30% of patients without lymph node metastases as assessed by light microscopy have recurrence within 10 years. In this study, our aim was first to investigate the diagnostic value of immunohistochemical staining in detecting micrometastases and secondly to correlate their presence with prognosis (recurrence and survival) MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 492 axillary nodes from 49 consecutive node-negative invasive breast cancers treated at Kyung-Hee University Hospital from 1991 to 1995 with average follow-up of 60.2 (21-100) months. An additional section of original paraffin blocks was cut and stained by immunohistochemical chemical technique using monoclonal antibodies (AE 1/3 and No.7) to cytokeratin. RESULTS: Micrometastases with individual cell and cell clusters were readily detected by this technique in 27% of the cases. These were no predictors of micrometastses among the clinicopathological data of patient. The presence of micometastases wes not associated with disease-free and overall survival but loco-regional recurrence rate. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of immunohistochemistry and serial sectioning of axillary lymph node would help evaluate the significance of occult axillary metastases. Patients with node-negative disease may relapse after many years and prolonged follow-up is required to establish the role of mirometastases. Such an approach, together with a search for bone marrow micrometastases and epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic and/or biochemical prognostic factors, may serve to identify high risk patients in the presumed node-negative group. It would provide a rational basis for the selective use of adjuvant therapy.