Advances on mechanisms related to diabetic cardiomyopathy and mitophagy / 中华老年医学杂志

Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is a serious cardiovascular complication of diabetes.Mitochondrial dysfunction constitutes an important pathological basis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.Since DCM usually coexists with dysfunction of mitophagy, elucidating the relationship between them will help find new therapeutic targets for DCM.Mitochondrial autophagy includes two processes, the initiation of autophagy and degradation, and can selectively remove damaged mitochondria to achieve a balance in myocardial homeostasis and metabolic regulation in diabetes.Therefore, it is necessary to understand the role of mitochondrial autophagy in the pathophysiology underlying DCM, the influence of diabetes on mitochondria autophagy in cardiomyocytes and related molecular mechanisms.

Micro-determination on activating complement in detecting biological properties of Fc fragment of IVIG / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To improve method for determinating of biological potency of IgG Fc fragment in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and establish a method which is suitable for enzyme-labeled instrument. 【Methods】 The biological properties of FC fragment of IVIG in Chinese Pharmacopiea(General 3514) was adjusted, including sensitization process, sample treatment and dynamic curve parameters. Meanwhile, the kinetic curve of hemolysis was fitted with Origin, which made the method more suitable for enzyme plate. The biological properties of Fc fragment of IVIG was calculated by kinetics curve reaction of reference and sample. 【Results】 The method are stable, the RSD of repeatability and intermediate is 10%, also with significant improvement in efficiency. 【Conclusion】 The detection of properties of Fc fragment of IVIG is stable and efficient, it can be used for properties of Fc fragment of IVIG.

Effects of glucose supplementation on the activity of myocardial AMP-activated protein kinase in rats induced by exercise / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To investigate the effect of glucose supplement on AMPK activation in myocardium of exercised rats by measuring the myocardial AMPK activation and glycogen content after acute exercise training.Methods Rats were subjected to an acute endurance exercise and glucose supplement in varying doses and time points before and after exercise.The dynamic changes of myocardial AMPK activities was measured with Western blotting, changes of myocardial glycogen content were measured with Anthrone method.Results AMPK activation in myocardium of exercised rat was increased significantly throughout the exercise, and remained at a higher level 1 hour after acute exercise.However the level of AMPK activity was not significantly increased in exercised rat with glucose supplement.Glycogen content was not significantly changed after exercise.Rats subjected to lower dose glucose supplement did not show significant changes in glycogen content neither.But glycogen content was significantly increased in rats at 24 hours after exercise, subjected to higher dose of glucose supplement.Conclusions 1) Acute exercise induces a significant increase in AMPK activation in myocardium of exercised rats.Glucose supplement significantly inhibites the activation of AMPK induced by acute exercise.(2) Higher dose glucose supplement significantly increases glycogen content in the rat myocardium 24 h after exercise.

Effect of tubulin in skeletal muscle on mitochondrial Rho-GTPase1 protein (Miro1) after high-intensity exercise and the underlying mechanism / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: High-intensity exercise can induce the depolymerization and/or degradation of tubulin in the skeletal muscle. According to the close relation with the mitochondria, tubulin may influence mitochondrial movement track and molecular motor, thereby varying the movement and distribution of mitochondria. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of high-intensity exercise on α-tubulin, MAP4, Miro1 and mitochondrial ultrastructures, analyze their sequential changes and further explore whether tubular depolymerization regulates the movement and distribution of mitochondria via Miro1. METHODS: Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (n=8) and exercise (n=48) groups. The rats in the exercise group ran on the treadmill ( -16°, 20 m/minute) for 90 minutes, and the soleus samples were removed immediately, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after exercise (n=8 each time point). The expression levels of α-tubulin, MAP4 and Miro1 were detected by western blot assay, and the ultrastructural changes of mitochondria were observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression level of α-tubulin was decreased significantly at 6 and 12 hours after exercise. The expression level of MAP4 was increased significantly at 6, 12, 48 and 72 hours after exercise. The expression level of Miro1 was increased firstly at 6 and 12 hours after exercise, and decreased at 72 hours after exercise. In the control group, the paired mitochondria were arranged on the both sides of Z line, and few appeared in the myolemma. Mitochondria began to accumulate in the myolemma immediately and 6 hours after exercise; the number achieved the peak at 12 hours, reduced at 24 and 48 hours, and returned to normal at 72 hours. These results suggest that high-intensity exercise can induce the depolymerization of microtubules in the skeletal muscle, thus regulating the movement and distribution of mitochondria via Miro1.

Micro-macroscopical and Microscopic Identification of Cinnabaris / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide identification reference for the clinical use of Cinnabaris. METHODS:TCM micro-macro-scopical identification method and microscopic identification method were used. RESULTS:The micro-macroscopical characteristics were obtained:irregular granule or sheet block,different forms,wide bright red,opuque translucent with some luster; some sam-ples showed irregular lump with big shape,red scale on surface,dulling or gray-black. The were microscopic characteristics ob-tained:different forms of irregular granule,some sheet block,wide bright red,with some luster,occasionally with yellow gran-ules. CONCLUSIONS:The method for micro-macroscopical identification and microscopic identification of Cinnabaris is simple and convenient,and it can be used for the rapid verification of Cinnabaris.

Effects of heavy load exercise and acupuncture treatment on tubulin in rat skeletal muscle / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Heavy load exercises can induce the ultrastructural changes in the skeletal muscle by the depolymerization and/or degradation of tubulin in the skeletal muscle, thereby lessening contraction activities of the skeletal muscle. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of heavy load exercise and acupuncture on tubulin levels, and to analyze their roles and mechanisms in skeletal muscle injury and repair. METHODS:138 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into acute exercise group (n=114) and long-term exercise group (n=24). The acute exercise group included four subgroups:sedentary group (n=6), exercise group (n=36), acupunctured group (n=36) and exercise plus acupuncture group (n=36). In the acute exercise experiment, rats were acupunctured after a medium-large intensity downhil running. Rat’s soleus samples were taken immediately, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after exercise and/or acupuncture. In the long-term exercise experiment, rats underwent exercise and acupuncture for 3 weeks, and rat’s soleus samples were col ected at 24 hours after the last training. Expressions ofα-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) in the soleus were detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After acute exercise, expression ofα-tubulin and MAP4 was up-or down-regulated transiently. After acute exercise combined with acupuncture, the protein expressions ofα-tubulin and MAP4 changed slightly. However, the long-term exercise induced an increase inα-tubulin protein expression, while a significant decrease in MAP4 protein expression. It was worth noting that acupuncture treatment reduced long-term exercise-induced variations of MAP4 expression. These results suggest that the heavy load exercise can induce the depolymerization of tubulins in the skeletal muscle, and acupuncture may relieve this effect.

Application of Child-Turcotte-Pugh Scores in Predicting the Risk of Death for In-hospital Heart Failure Patients / 中国循环杂志

Objective: Heart failure (HF) patients are usually associated with liver function impairment, Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) scores can evaluate liver function, but its effect in HF patients has been unclear. We want to study the application of CTP scores in predicting the risk of death for in-hospital HF patients. Methods: A total of 1180 consecutive in-hospital HF patients were enrolled. According to CTP scores evaluated liver function at admission, the patients were divided into 3 groups: CTP grade A group, n=951, CTP grade B group, n=206 and CTP grade C group, n=23. The endpoint of this study was all-cause death. Results: There were 180 patients died at 1 year follow-up period, the in-hospital and 1 year mortalities were increased with the elevated CTP grades accordingly: for in-hospital mortalities in CTP grade A, B and C groups were (0.8%, 11.7% and 56.5%) respectively, P Conclusion: CTP scores may independently predict the risk of death for in-hospital HF patients, the levels of CTP scores might be used for evaluating the efficacy of in-hospital treatment.

Process Diversity Comparison of Artemisinin and Artemisinin Production between China and Abroad / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Artemisinin is the antidote to malaria, and has made hundreds of millions patients get rid of the disease since application in clinic. At present, the main accesses to artemisinin are directly extracted from Artemisia annua,chemical synthesis and biosynthesis. By comparing the differences of artemisinin production process between China and abroad, this research analyzes the reasons of the problem, and put forward their views and suggestions, so as to provide references for Artemisia annua further research.

Reference value and clinical correlates of soluble ST2 in healthy community-based Chinese population / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was designed to investigate the plasma level of soluble ST2 (sST2) and related influencing factors, and establish its reference value in the healthy community-based population in Beijing area of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We measured plasma sST2 level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay between March 2012 and August 2012 in 1 334 healthy subjects in communities, including 597 males and 737 females. Empiric and quantile regression methods were used to determine the reference range of plasma sST2. A multiple linear regression model was established to analyze the factors that might affect the level of plasma sST2.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gender is the most important factor affecting the plasma level of sST2 in healthy people. Plasma level of sST2 is significantly higher in men than in women (P < 0.01). Within each age strata, i.e. < 45, 45-54, 55-64, ≥ 65 years old, the plasma levels of sST2 were significantly higher in men than age-matched female (all P < 0.01). Age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and smoking did not affect plasma sST2 level. Reference range of sST2 was 5.7-53.5 µg/L for men and 4.4-42.4 µg/L for women (95% nonparametric reference interval). The one-side upper 95th percentile value of sST2 to discriminate the cardiovascular disease from healthy state was 47.2 µg/L for men and 37.2 µg/L for women.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study established the normal reference range of plasma sST2 in healthy community-based population. The major influencing factor of sST2 level in healthy population is gender.</p>

Plasma amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide level and affecting factors in a community-based healthy Chinese population / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the plasma level of amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and related influencing factors in a community-based healthy population in Beijing area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We measured plasma NT-proBNP level by fluoroimmunoassay between March 2012 and July 2012 from 1 034 healthy subjects (including 486 men and 548 women). Empiric method was used to determine the reference value and influencing factors were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Age and gender are important factors affecting the level of NT-proBNP in healthy subjects. NT-proBNP plasma level is significantly higher in women than in men within each age strata below 75 years old, i.e. < 45, 45-54, 55-64 and 65-74 years old (P = 0.005, 0.001, 0.001, 0.011 respectively), but NT-proBNP plasma level is similar between male and female older than 75 years (P = 0.504). NT-proBNP level also increases with age irrespective of gender. Body mass index (BMI) is another independent influencing factor of NT-proBNP (P < 0.001), while estimated glomerular filtration rate is not influencing factor. The reference range of NT-proBNP is < 133 ng/L for men and < 289 ng/L for women aged < 55 years old, < 185 ng/L for men and < 333 ng/L for women aged between 55 and 64 years old, and < 465 ng/L for men and < 378 ng/L for women aged ≥ 75 years old.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The major influencing factors of NT-proBNP level in the healthy population are age, gender and BMI. It essential to establish normal reference range of NT-proBNP according to these factors for Chinese population.</p>

Evaluation of Quality Coherence of Commercially Available Artemisia apiacea Decoration Pieces in Chongq-ing by HPLC Fingerprint Combined with Common Model Recognition / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish the fingerprint of Artemisia apiacea to identify common model and evaluate the quality coherence of the commercially available A. apiacea decoration pieces in Chongqing. METHODS:HPLC method was performed on the column of Waters XTerra C18 with the mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid(gradient elution)at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 220 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃ and the sample size was 10 μl. The simi-larity of 12 batches of samples was evaluated by TCM Chromatogram Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System(2004A edition);a common model of fingerprints was identified by principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster analysis(CA). RESULTS:Total-ly 11 batches of samples were screened to establish common model of fingerprints and 16 common peaks were obtained,among which,3 common components were identified;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.53%. The similarity of 11 batches of A. apiacea and reference chromatogram was more than 0.990. CONCLUSIONS:The method is stable and easy,and can provide reference for the scientific quality evaluation and control of A. apiacea;the quality of commercially available A. apiacea decoration pieces is generally good,however,there is still a little number of batches with poor quality. The production procedures and supervision of A. apiacea decoration pieces should be strengthened.

Predict value of soluble ST2 on one-year mortality for hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the predict value of plasma soluble ST2 (sST2) on one-year mortality for hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure (HF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1 244 consecutive hospitalized patients admitted to Heart Failure Center Fuwai Hospital between March 2009 and July 2012 and with HF as their primary diagnosis were included. Plasma sST2 was measured in all patients and patients were followed up for 1 year, and the primary endpoint was defined as all-cause death.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 193 deaths during follow up. sST2 concentrations at admission were positively correlated with NT-proBNP, NYHA functional class and heart rate, and negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction, blood sodium, total cholesterol and glomerular filtration rate at admission. sST2 concentrations were significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors (P < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that sST2 independently predicted 1-year mortality (per 1 log unit, hazard ratio 1.87, 95% confidence interval: 1.56 to 2.25, P < 0.001). In receiver operating characteristic analyses, the area under the curve for ST2 was 0.776 which was similar to that of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (AUC = 0.775). The prognostic value was improved when combining these two biomarkers together (AUC = 0.813).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>sST2 concentration at admission is correlated with clinical and biochemical indexes and associated with 1-year mortality for hospitalized patients with HF.</p>

Research on Research Trend of Tripterygium Hypoglaucum based on Bibliometric Method / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This article was aimed to study the latest research progress of Tripterygium hypoglaucum, in order to pro-vide references for further research on T. hypoglaucum. CNKI Chinese Journal Full-text Database was used as data source. Bibliometric analysis was conducted on T. hypoglaucum research articles issued from 1915~2013. Bibliometric method was used in the analysis on the change trend among years, research institutes, publication dates, research per-sonnels and research topics of the articles with the built-in analysis tools and network analysis tools. The results indi-cated that T. hypoglaucum research was still in the development stage. And there is still plenty of room for growth in aspects including resources, material basis, manufacturing pharmacy and so on.

Effect of Endurance Training on JAKs and SOCSs Expression of Left Ventricle Muscle in Rats / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To evaluate Janus kinase (JAKs) and Suppressors of cytokine signaling(SOCSs) expression in myocardium after endurance training. Methods 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats undertook 10 weeks grade treadmill training program and were sacrificed at 0 and 24 h respectively after the last exercise. JAK1,JAK2,JAK3 and SOCS1 ,SOCS2,SOCS6 expression in the myocardium were determined by im munohistochemistry method. Results The percentage of JAK1 positive cell significantly increased immediately after last running and recovered to the sedentary level 24 hrs after exercise;The percentage of JAK2 positive cell significantly increased immediately after last running and continuously at a higher level 24 hrs after exercise (P0.05). The percentage of SOCS1 and SOCS2 positive cell also significantly increased both immediately and 24 hrs after exercise (P0.05). Conclusion Endurance training could induce different responses of JAK1,JAK2 and JAK3. The increased expressions of JAK1 and JAK2 might indicate the changes of JAK/STAT signal pathway in regulating myocardial function. The increased expressions of SOCS1 and SOCS2 after endurance training might indicate the increased exertion in regulating JAK/STAT signal pathway in cardiac muscle.

Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system increasing solubility and intestinal absorption in situ of tanshinones / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Study the effect of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS) on the solubility and absorption of tanshinones to guide the selection of composition of tanshinone SMEDDS.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The solubility of tanshinones in the solution of SMEDDS was determined by UV-spectrometer and the absorption of tanshinone SMEDDS was determined by HPLC as the detection method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The solubility of tanshinones in solution of SMEDDS was 10 times in water and 2.5 times in micelle solution. The solubility of tanshinones in solution of SMEDDS was increased with the increasing of oil (MCT) in composition of tanshinone SMEDDS. The absorption constants (Ka) in SMEDDS and micelle solution was 0.479 h(-1) and 0.326 h(-1) respectively, and the absorption half life (t1/2) was 1.44 h and 2.12 h respectively. The absorption was increased with the oil increasing in composition of tanshinone SMEDDS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SMEDDS can increase the solubility and absorption of tanshinones significantly and the increasing of oil content (MCT) in SMEDDS composition promote the dissolution and absorption of tanshinones.</p>

Influence of Shengkang injection with Irbesartan on trace albumin excretion and blood rheology in early diabetic nephropathy / 中国综合临床

Objective To observe the influence of Shenkang injection with Irbesartan on urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER)in 24 hours,serum lipid and blood rheology in early diabetic nephropathy.Methods One hundred and fifty normotensive early diabetic nephmpathy were randomly divided into control group,Shenkang injection group and Shenkang injection with Irbesartan group.Three groups were treated with diabetic education,dietary regimen,suitable physical activity and oral anti-hyperglycemic agents till their fasting blood glucose(FBG)was less than 7.0 mmol/L and postprandial blood glucose(PBG)was less than 10.0 mmol/L.The control group was treated with oral anti-hyperglycemic agents or/and insulin.Shenkang injection group was additionally treated with Shenkang solution.Shenkang solution was mixed by Shenkang injection 100 ml,5% glucose 250 ml and insulin 2-3 U.Shenkang solution was intravenously guttaed once a day.Shenkang injection with Irbesartan group was additionally treated with Irbesartan 0.15 g,once a day,taken orally.A course was taken for 3 weeks.The levels of UAER,serum lipid and blood rheology were detected immediately and 9 weeks after treatment.Results In the Shenkang injection group,compared with those before treatment,them were significant difference in UAER (87.44 ±10.06)μg/min vs.(116.55 ± 33.42)μg/min),serum lipid( (4.22 ± 0.70)mmol/L vs.(4.88 ± 0.69 )mmol/L)and blood rheology( (5.77 ±0.53)mPa·s vs.(7.38 ± 0.41)mPa·s)(P ＜ 0.05).In the Shenkang injection with Irbesartan group,compared to those before treatment,there were also significant difference in UAER ( (61.90 ±28.02)μg/min vs.(123.37 ± 29.98)μg/min),serum lipid( (4.00 ± 0.14)mmol/L vs.(4.90 ± 0.12)mmol/L)and blood rheology( (5.11 ±0.41)mPa·s vs.(7.27 ± 0.44)mpa·s)(P ＜ 0.05).Whearas in the control group,no significant difference were found compared with those before treatment.Furthermore,the improvements in the Shenkang injection with Irbesartan group were better than those in the Shenkang injection group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Shenkang injection can reduce UAER,decrease serum lipid and improve renal blood rheology.Iteffectively prevents diabetic nephropathy in earlier period and maybe have synergy with Irbesartan.

One patient with Kimura's disease and angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia also suffers from kidney injury / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:Reporting a rare case with Kimura's disease and angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE), who also has nephrotic syndrome resulting from minimal change glomerulopathy. Methods: Histological manifestations, immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence staining, and electron microscope were performed. Results: One 37-year-old male patient with recurrent erythra, cutaneous node, painless cervical lymph node enlargement and nephrotic syndrome in 5 years. It's confirmed through biopsies that the subcutaneous node is ALHE, the cervical lymph node is kimura disease, and renal lesion is minimal change glomerulopathy. Conclusion: Kimura disease and ALHE may be different features of the same disease, and may complicate glomerulopathy.

Effect of Fu-Sheng powder on ischemia-reperfusion-like injury in neural cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To further elucidate the mechanism underlying the protective effect of Chinese herb Fu Sheng powder on vascular dementia. METHODS: Primary passage of neural cells of new born rats were subjected to the ischemia-reperfusion-like injury of hypoxia plus glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation plus glucose, and the effect of “Fu-Sheng powder” on neural cells was examined. RESULTS: Both 5 hours of “ischemia” and 5 hours of “ischemia” plus 5 hours of “reperfusion” led to severe injury to neural cells, the formation of MDA and intracellular calcium concentration increased significantly, however, the activities of SOD and fluidity of neurons decreased significantly. It was also observed that Fu-Sheng powder could significantly alleviate this injury. CONCLUSION: Fu-Sheng powder had direct protective effect on neurons subjected to iscehmia-reperfusion-likeinjury, which might be one of the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effect on vascular dementia. [