Obstructive cholestasis and extra hepatic biliary tract surgery in dogs: clinical and pathological evaluation

The present study aimed to evaluate some surgical techniques as cholecystectomy, cholecystoduodenostomy and cholecystogastrostomy as well as liver functions via biochemical and pathological evaluation following experimental extra hepatic cholestasis. 12 apparently clinically healthy mongrel dogs were used. Extra hepatic cholestasis was induced surgically by obstruction of and common bile duct. Clinically, the animals showed several signs including partial anorexia which continued for 3 days and progressed to complete anorexia for another 2 days, then ali dogs was ate normally by the day 6[th] post operation. Visible jaundice, pale to slightly yellow mucous membrane of conjunctiva and gum, duliness, dehydration and sever emaciation was noticed. Cholecystectomy, Cholecystoduodenostomy and cholecystogastrostomy showed depression with anorexia in the first week and gradually increased until reaching its normal level. Intermittent diarrhea and vomiting were noticed at the first 3 days especially in cholecystogastrostomy. Macroscopically severe distention of gallbladders, cystic ducts and common bile ducts were clearly noticed in cholestatic dogs. Adhesions between liver surface and surrounding peritoneum were found. Serum levels of total and direct bilirubin in choestasis were significantly increased throughout the period of the experiment. GGT, AST, ALT and ALP levels showed marked increase beginning at the second day after complete billiary duct obstruction. Serum cholesterol and glucose levels showed a significant increase. Serum total protein, albumin and globulin levels showed a significant decrease followed by increase throughout the experiment. Biliary bypass proved as easy technique especially cholecystoduodenostomy.it is therefore suggested that; clinical signs, biochemical and pathological changes are useful diagnostic primary tools in mongri dogs affected with extra hepatic obstructive cholestatic lesions. The cholecystoduodenstomy proved as useful surgical procedure to bypass sites of obstruction affecting the extra hepatic billiary tree than cholecystectomy and cholecystodgastrotomy

Characterization and application of extracted natural polymer fiber [aminopolysaccharide] as weight reducing agent

Chitosan has some specific role in the folk medicine in controlling body weight. The present work aims to investigate the effect of the chitosan potency to control the body weight in all male albino rats. In the present work chitin was obtained from the shells, from waste materials of the sea food such as crustaceans and shrimp. The chitosan types F85 and F95 of different degrees of deactylation were produced by chemical treatment of chitin. The produced chitosan types were mixed with a certain ratio of ascorbic acid and applied to study the effect of them as a weight reducing supplement. The physical properties measurements were carried out. The results indicated that, the chitosan type F95 gives the best results. as a weight reducing supplement

Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the endemic area of Jericho, Palestine

This study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Jericho city and the adjacent Aqbat-Jaber refugee camp investigated the seroprevalance of Leishmania major and the risk factors associated with acquiring the disease. Clinical and parasitology identification of cases showed children and young men were more affected, with the head most affected in children. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] was used to test sera from 190 individuals. The overall seroprevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis was 26.3%. A case-control study of 247 individual in 37 households showed that a higher level of education of the head of the household and having children sleep under bed nets were significantly related to a lower incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis