Progress on the role of Kalirin-7 in exercise intervention-mediated improvement of neurodegenerative diseases / 生理学报

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor Kalirin-7 (Kal-7) is a key factor in synaptic plasticity and plays an important regulatory role in the brain. Abnormal synaptic function leads to the weakening of cognitive functions such as learning and memory, accompanied by abnormal expression of Kal-7, which in turn induces a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Exercise can upregulate the expression of Kal-7 in related brain regions to alleviate neurodegenerative diseases. By reviewing the literature on Kal-7 and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the research progress of exercise intervention, this paper summarizes the role and possible mechanism of Kal-7 in the improvement of neurodegenerative diseases by exercise and provides a new rationale for the basic and clinical research on the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by exercise.

Research progress of the role of IGF-1 in metabolic diseases and the effect of exercise intervention / 生理学报

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a peptide with a similar molecular structure to insulin. IGF-1 plays a key role in tissue growth and development, as well as cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Liver is the main source of IGF-1, with the production of IGF-1 up to 75% of the total in the whole body, while the remaining 25% are secreted by skeletal muscles, heart, kidney, spleen and other organs. Target organs of IGF-1 include heart, blood vessels, liver, bone and skeletal muscles. It has been well documented that IGF-1 plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. Different types of exercise have different effects on IGF-1 expression with organ differences. In this article, we reviewed the preventive and therapeutic effects of IGF-1 on metabolic diseases and IGF-1-mediated exercise-induced benefits.

Effects of interval training on calcium transient and contractile function of single ventricular myocyte in myocardial infarction adult rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of interval training on calcium transient and contractile function in ischemic ventricular myocytes of rats with myocardial infarction and their synchronization.@*METHODS@#Twenty-four male sprague-dawley rats in three years old, were randomly divided into three groups (n=8): sham-operated group(S), sedentary MI group(MI) and MI with interval training group (ME). The MI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The rats in ME group started training 1 week after MI operation. The S model was established by threading only without ligation. ME model took one week adaptive training, 10 m/min and 30 min/d, then took subsequently 8-week aerobic interval training: 10 min×10 m/min, then reran the rats with 2 intensities 15 m/min×6 min and 25 m/min×4 min, 1 h/d, 5 d/week. After training 24 hours, the cardiomyocytes of all groups were isolated by using the Langendorff fusion system. The contractile function and calcium transient of single ventricular myocyte in myocardial infarction adult rats were detected by IonOptix. Calcium transients were measured as [Ca] amplitude, departure velocity, ratio, TTB50％, TTP and TTP50%, return velocity and ratio amplitude. PTA, SL, ±dl/dtmax and SL shortening% were tested to evaluate contractility.@*RESULTS@#Compared with S, the levels of [Ca] amplitude, departure velocity, ratio amplitude and return velocity, SL shortening%, PTA and ±dl/dtmax of MI were decreased(P＜0.01), the levels of TTP, TTP50% and TTB50% of MI were increased(P＜0.01); Compared with MI, the levels of departure velocity, ratio amplitude, return velocity and [Ca] amplitude of ME were increased(P＜0.01), the levels of TTB50%, TTP and TTP50% of ME were decreased(P＜0.01, P＜0.05). The levels of SL shortening%, PTA and ±dl/dtmax of ME were increased(P＜0.01, P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Interval training can improve calcium transient and contractile function of single ventricular myocyte in myocardial infarction adult rats.

Synthesis, solubility, lipids-lowering and liver-protection activities of sulfonated formononetin / 药学学报

A water-soluble compound, sodium formononetin-3'-sulfonate with good lipid-lowering and liver-protection activities was synthesized. It was synthesized by sulfonation reaction, and its structure was characterized by IR, NMR and elemental analyses. The solubility of sodium formononetin-3'-sulfonate in water and n-octanol/water partition coefficient were determined by UV spectrophotometry. The lipid-lowering and liver-protection activities of sodium formononetin-3'-sulfonate were tested by using rat's high fat model induce by feeding with high fat food. The results showed that sodium formononetin-3'-sulfonate not only had favorable water, solubility but also had good lipid-lowering and liver-protection activities.

Effects of exercises training on the rats aorta stress and expression of NF-kappaB and c-Fos / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the effect of different intensity exercise training on the rat aorta stress and expression of NF-kappaB and c-Fos.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We used treadmill exercise to establish the rat models of aerobic exercise and fatigue exercise, applied immunohistochemistry of SABC to measure the effect of different intensity exercise training on expression of NF-kappaB and c-Fos in the VEC and VSMC of rat aorta.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The change of aorta blood pressure, compared with the control group, which had significant increase in both aerobic exercise and fatigue exercise (P < 0.05), but there had no remarkable difference between inaerobic exercise and fatigue exercise. Compared with the control group, the expression of NF-kappaB and c-Fos of VEC and VSMC in aerobic exercise rats remarkably reduced, the opening angle increased remarkably (P < 0.05), and the expression of NF-kappaB and c-Fos of VEC and VSMC in fatigue exercise rats distinguished upregulated (P < 0.05). Compared with the aerobic training group, there was distinguished difference in both the expression of NF-kappaB and c-Fos of VEC and VSMC and the opening angle of pectoralis aorta in fatigue training rats (P < 0.05). This indicated that different intensity training had different effect on the expression of NF-kappaB and c-Fos of VEC and VSMC of rat aorta, and the increase trend of expression of fatigue training group was more remarkably.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Expression change of NF-kappaB and c-Fos of VEC and VSMC of rat aorta was caused by exercise training, and which had a closed relation with the exercise intensity. Chronic shear stress of aerobic training made the expression of NF-kappaB and c-Fos of VEC and VSMC of aorta distinguished downregulated, which had relationship with homeostasis that VEC and VSMC maintained the blood vessel function. Fatigue training caused the increase of wall frictional shear stress and circumferential stresses, excessive shear stress caused the expression of NF-kappaB and c-Fos of VEC and VSMC of aorta significant upregulated, blood vessel happened non-unequal growth exists, and resulted in the remodeling of structure and function of blood vessel.</p>

Effect of aerobic exercise on living myocardial nuclear calcium transport in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the biological mechanism of the dynamic changes of living myocardial nuclear calcium which was isolated from aerobic exercised rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Acutely isolated myocardial cells were incubated with STDBT and Fluo-3Ca2+ fluorescent indicator. The changes of the fluorescence signal of free calcium were measured by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The fluorescence of the ventricular myocardium cell was weak which was incubated with nucleus specific Ca2+ fluorescent probe STDBT-AM, transverse striation and transverse tubules was looked ambiguous. The most significant fluorescence intensity was distributed in the place of nucleus, bottle green was observed and the borderline of nuclear membrane. It was showed that STDBT could though cytoplasm and specifically clustered in nucleus and characterized by targeting to the distribution of nucleus. Compared with control group, aerobic exercise group had the same characteristic of the change of the basic and peak value of [Ca2+]n. When isoproterenol was added, the [Ca2+]n of aerobic exercise group was increased significantly, its change rate was 33.3412% (P < 0.01). Before and after added isoproterenol, myocardial cell's [Ca2+]n changed significantly. After added isoproterenol, the [Ca2+]n of aerobic exercise group was increased significantly and the change rate was 33.224%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This article firstly studied the changes of living myocardial nuclear calcium and discussed the transport of the [Ca2+]n of myocardial nuclear which was isolated from aerobic exercised rats; proved that aerobic exercise could increase its level of [Ca2+]n significantly, isoproterenol could increase the level of [Ca2+]n and decrease the level of [Ca2+]i. Myocardial nuclear is one of calcium stores of myocardial cell, aerobic exercise could impact on the modulation of myocardial cell.</p>

Study on the interactions between Ligusticum chuanxiong extract and cardiac muscle membrane receptors by CMSP chromatography / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the interactions between Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort extract and cardiac muscle membrane receptors.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The cell membrane of rabbit cardiac muscle was fixed on silicon to make cell membrane stationary phase (CMSP), and then the interactions were studied by comparing the retention characteristics of the extracts from different solvents with those of the antagonists or activators corresponding to known receptors in cardiac muscle membrane, and by competition effect on the retention characteristics of extracts when adding the antagonists or activators into the mobile phase.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Water extract and ethanol extract both had retentions on CMSP; the retention characteristics of water extract could be affected when water extract was in competition with the antagonists for alpha receptor, and could not be affected when with the activator beta1 receptor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is possible that some components in water extract may combine with alpha receptor and no component with beta1 receptor, and that some components in ethanol extract may combine with cardiac muscle cell membrane. The process between active components and receptors in vivo can be imitated through the interactions between drugs and CMSP. The method provides references for the resolution of two applications: to screen the active components from Chinese medicine, and to figure out the type of receptors involved.</p>

Study of the genes expression of SCD-2 and B-FABP in the mice brain of exercise-induced fatigue by genechip cDNA microarray / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>By genechip cDNA microarray, the genes expressions of Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (Scd-2) and brain fatty acid-binding protein (B-FABP) were studied in the central nervous system (CNS) of the mice to discuss the mechanism of exercise-induced fatigue.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Building the model of fatigued animal and using the genechip cDNA microarray, the genes expressions were analyzed between the control group and fatigue group mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The genes expression of Scd-2 and B-FABP were obvious different in the brain of fatigued group mice than of control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Exercise-induced nerve center fatigue is correlated with genes expressions of lipid metabolism.</p>

Application df/dt(max) index for determinations of skeletal contractility / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To analyze the most force rising ratio (+ dF/dt(max)) and the most force descending ratio (- dF/dt(max)) for more sensitive index of skeletal contractility.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mouse model of swimming training was used, most force (f(max)), + dF/dt(max) and - dF/ dt(max) of gastrocnemius contracting were measured and changes of gastrocnemius supermicro-structure was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mitochondria increased and myoneme was regular in general training load, gastrocnemius F(max) - dF/dt(max) significantly increased than in control (P < 0.05), + dF/dt(max) increased more significantly (P < 0.01). Mitochondria was rare and myoneme was unusual in overtraining load, gastrocnemius F(max), - dF/dt(max) reduced significantly than in control (P < 0.05), + dF/dt(max) reduced more significantly (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>+ dF/dt(max) is better index than F(max) in judging skeletal contractility.</p>

Screening models and techniques for medicine and its application in the studies on the active components of Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

The development of modern biologic techniques have provided new techniques and approaches for the modern studies on active components of Chinese medicine. This article is a review of four kinds of screening models and corresponding techniques for medicine and their applications in the studies on the active components of Chinese medicine. The four aspects comprise the whole animal models, receptor models and molecular biochromatography, cell models and cell membrane chromatography, and gene chip techniques. It will provide references for promoting studies and accelerating modernization of Chinese medicine.

Relation of intramyocardial collagen remodeling to the changes of myocardial systolic property and angiotensin II on the overtraining rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the relation of intramyocardial collagen (IMC) remodeling to the changes of myocardial systolic property (MSP) and angiotensin II (Ang II) on the overtraining rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Morphologic remodeling of IMC and changes of contents of IMC and Ang II in myocardium local and circulation, and MSP in SD rat overtraining models were observed and determined by RM-6200 polygraph, Beckman-42 automatic biochemistry analyser, and gamma automatic radio-immunity analyzer and S-570 scanning electron microscope under the conditions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IMC forms a spatial three-dimensional network structure, consisting of collagenous fiber connection among myocardial bundles, cardiac muscle cell group, cardiac muscle cells, endocardium and capillary. There are some regularities in its interlacing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Overtraining could lead to over hyperplasia of IMC in myocardial bundles, cardiac muscle cell group, cardiac muscle cell, endocardium and capillary, and serious injury of MLSP. The relation closes to remodeling of IMC and MSP and Ang II on the overtraining.</p>