Perinipple Broken Line Incision: a Novel Approach for Breast Augmentation / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate reliability of the infra-nipple broken line incision for breast augmentation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2012 to January 2013, 15 patients underwent primary bilateral retromuscular breast augmentation with round textured silicone-gel implants and a novel infra-nipple broken line incision. Preoperatively, a semicircular incision was marked along the inferior base of the nipple. It was then extended bilaterally using two transverse right-angled geometric broken lines within the pigmented areolar skin. Follow-up was performed to evaluate the sensation of nipple-areolar complex, the scar, and the shape and texture of the breasts.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average follow-up was 6.7 months. Most of the patients complained of paresthesia of the nipple or breast skin, but transient decreased sensation improved within 3 months. No patients showed permanent sensory changes of the nipple areolar complex at a minimum follow-up of 4 months. The scars were imperceptible in all patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We believe that for selected patients, the infra-nipple broken line incision is a practical and reliable method to achieve aesthetic result.</p>

Diagnosis and treatment of xanthogranulomatous prostatitis: a case report and review of the literature / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the diagnosis and treatment of xanthogranulomatous prostatitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A 75-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of difficult urination and frequent micturition, which was exacerbated for 2 days. Digital rectal examination indicated an enlarged prostate size of II degrees with hard texture but no tenderness. Serum total PSA was 172.5 microg/L. TRUS revealed 200 ml of post-micturition residual urine, thickened bladder wall, prostate size of 4.3 cm x 3.8 cm x 5.0 cm and no isochrones. MRI showed an enlarged prostate gland, with marked enlargement of the central zones and low-signal intensity of the peripheral gland, part of the prostate gland protruding to the bladder with no clear dividing line. It was diagnosed as prostate cancer initially, and confirmed by needle biopsy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Histopathological examination revealed large numbers of "foamy macrophages" in the lesion, with a few multinucleated giant cells, leukocytes, mononuclear, plasmocytes and fibroplasia. Immunohistochemistry showed CD68 (+) and PSA (-). The patient was treated with oral Tamsulosin and glucocorticoid and by temporary catheterization, and followed up for 20 months. Urination symptoms began to alleviate and serum PSA to decrease at 4 months. The PSA level was 9.2 microg/L at 13 months and 3.6 microg/L at 17 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis is a rare clinically, which can be confirmed by histopathological examination. It is treated mainly by supportive therapy and, for the cases with severe lower urinary tract obstruction, TURP can be employed. Follow-up must be performed by possible examination of PSA and necessary needle biopsy of the prostate.</p>

Poland's syndrome in women: 24 cases study and literature review / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Since its first description in 1841, numerous variations and treatments of Poland's syndrome (congenital deficiency of the pectoralis major muscle associated with brachysyndactyly) have been reported. None of the reports, however, involved female Chinese patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study of 24 female patients was conducted to guide the selection of methods of surgical reconstruction. The patients were divided into three groups according to the degree of thoracic tissue development. Type I (mild): Limited tissue loss which can be treated with simple filling with autologous fat and/or an artificial breast implant. Type II (moderate): Moderate thoracic tissue hypoplasia where the breast parenchyma can still offer adequate implant coverage. Mammoplasty using a latissimus dorsi muscular flap with an implant was performed in this group. The flap was used to fill the infraclavicular hollow, and the implant was placed in the dual-plane pocket. Type III (severe): Severe thoracic tissue hypoplasia, without sufficient parenchyma to offer implant coverage. A latissimus dorsi muscular flap was used to form a total submuscular pocket in which an implant was placed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The numbers of Type I, II, and III patients were 15, 3, and 6, respectively. All of the flaps and injected fat demonstrated good survival. Satisfactory cosmetic results were exhibited during the follow-up period of 1 to 9 years.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although this group of patients showed varied conditions, they can be roughly divided into three types according to the degree of thoracic tissue development. In our experience, this classification is simple and useful in choosing the breast reconstruction options.</p>

Experimental research of the relationship between the safety of expanded flap and expansion volume / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between the survival rate of expanded flap and expansion volume.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The minipigs were used and divided into 5 groups according to different expansion volume of the tissue expanders: injection to full content, 50% over content, 100% over content, 0% content and normal control. In each animal, 4 expanders (100 ml) were designed to be implanted at the bilateral side of back. Normal skin control was also designed at the back. The skin histologic change and flap survival rate were detected and analyzed when the expansion volume changed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The flap survival rate increased along with the increase of expansion volume. While the survival rate decreased when the expansion volume was exceeded to 100% over content.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In soft tissue and skin expansion, the flap survival rate and the flap size increased as the expansion is over the standard volume, while over-expansion to 100% over content may cause decreased survival rate of expanded flap.</p>

Application of melanocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in tissue engineered skin construction / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the method of constructing tissue-engineered skin using melanocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Melanocytes were isolated from human foreskin. BMSCs were isolated from human bone marrow. Both of them were co-cultured at a ratio of 1:10, and then were implanted into the collagen membrane to construct the tissue-engineered skin, which was applied for wound repair in nude mice. The effectiveness of wound repair and the distribution of melanocytes were evaluated by morphological observation, in vivo 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride (DAPI) fluorescent staining tracing, HE staining, S-100 immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The wounds were satisfactorily repaired among the nude mice. The melanocytes were distributed in the skin with normal structure, as confirmed by DAPI fluorescent staining tracing, HE staining, S-100 immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Melanocytes and BMSCs, after proper in vitro culture at an appropriate ratio, can construct the tissue-engineered skin with I type collagen membrane.</p>

Acellular cadaveric dermis-assisted immediate breast reconstruction: the preliminary experience / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility and therapeutic effect of acellular cadaveric dermis (ACD)-assisted immediate breast reconstruction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Sep. 2009 to May 2010, 10 cases received ACD-assisted immediate breast reconstruction. During the operation, the ACD was used to cover inferior and lateral portion of the implants in 2 cases and expanders in 8 cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients were followed up for an average period of 4 months with satisfactory breast appearance. The complications included infection in 2 cases and dehiscence in 2 cases. But no implant or expander was taken out.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The ACD-assisted immediate breast reconstruction is a technically simple procedure with minimal morbidity. Satisfactory clinical outcome can be achieved with appropriate candidates.</p>

The technique of periorbital defects reconstruction with island orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap in orbital zone / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the technique of periorbital defects reconstruction with island orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap in orbital zone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The upper or lower eyelid island orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap,medially based,were used for the defects of the periorbital area, according to the position,shape and size of the defects. The donor site was closed directly.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From July 2003 to October 2009, 24 patients were treated in this method, the flaps survived totally. The flap proved to be flexible, safe, relatively simple, and provided good functional and aesthetic results with follow up 6 to 24 months. Complications were minimal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The upper eyelid or lower eyelid island orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap, medially based, is a satisfied method in repairing periorbital defects in one stage with good blood supply, excellent color texture matching and inconspicuous donor scar and deformity.</p>

Application of ultrasonography in the detection of nasal interdomal fat pad / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the application of ultrasonography in the detection of nasal interdomal fat pad (IFP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-eight patients who underwent open rhinoplasty and other surgeries in our hospital were enrolled in this study. All patients were studied by ultrasonography to evaluate the shape, structure, size, and location of IFP. The results of ultrasonography were compared with intraoperative findings.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The boundaries between IFP and the subcutaneous fat were clear under ultrasonography in 32 patients (84.2%), but were not clear in 6 patients (15.8%) who had undergone injection rhinoplasty (n=2) or augmentation rhinoplasty (n=4). As shown by ultrasonography,the average length,width,and height of IFP were (11.81∓1.28) mm, (2.49∓0.57) mm, and (1.90∓0.61) mm, respectively,which were not significantly different between male and female patients (P>0.05). In addition, the length, width, and height of IFP were significantly larger in nasorostral hypertrophy group than in normal group (P0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ultrasonography can accurately evaluate the size and morphology of IFP pre-operatively, and therefore is helpful to ensure the success of rhinoplasty.</p>

The design and technique of one stage treatment of eyelid divided nevus with island skin flap / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the design and technique of the one stage treatment of eyelid divided nevus with adjacent and distant island skin flap.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Under local or general anesthesia, the divided nevus on the upper and lower eyelid were excised totally or partially. According to the location, shape and size of the defect, orbicularis oculi musculocutaneous flap, postauricular SMAS-pedicled flap or reversal superficial temporal artery flap was chosen to repair the defect in one stage. The donor site was closed directly.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Since 2003, 16 patients were treated in this group, with 10 orbicularis oculi musculocutaneous flaps, 3 postauricular SMAS-pedicled flaps, and 3 reversal superficial temporal artery flaps. The largest size of the nevus on the upper and lower eyelid were 2.5 cm x 2.0 cm and 4.0 cm x 3.0 cm, respectively. One postauricular SMAS-pedicled flap and 1 reversal superficial temporal artery flap showed distal venous refluence obstruction and epidermal necrosis in early postoperative stage, which healed through dressing. The other flaps survived completely.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Treating eyelid divided defects with adjacent or distant island skin flap is a suitable method with satisfactory result and less morbidity in donor sites.</p>

The technique of simultaneous recording calcium transients and spontaneous transient outward currents in arterial smooth muscle cells / 生理学报

Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and whole-cell perforated patch-clamp techniques were combined to study simultaneously the changes of intracellular signal molecules and membrane currents. Intracellular calcium transients and spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) were recorded simultaneously in freshly isolated mouse cerebral artery smooth muscle cells. The cells loaded with fluo-4/AM were scanned with the confocal line-scan mode. Triggering voltage pulses derived from an EPC-10 patch clamp amplifier triggered the confocal line scan. The results showed that STOCs and intracellular calcium transients could be simultaneously recorded in the same cell. This technique will be useful in studies of diseases caused by impairments of intracellular Ca(2+) signaling and related ionic channel activities, or vice versa.

Comparison study on the efficacy of three methods for the treatment of osmidrosis / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy of decollement, combined tumescent liposuction and curettage, Botox injection in the treatment of osmidrosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 2006 to April 2009, 350 patients with osmidrosis were treated by decollement method in 180 cases, curettage in 120 cases,and Botox injection in 50 cases. The therapeutic effect and complications were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients were followed up for 3-24 months. The cure rate was 90.6%, 84.8% and 84.2% in decollement, curettage and Botox groups, respectively. The effective rate was 100% in all groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>All the three methods are effective for the treatment of osmidrosis. The odor symptom can be improved a lot with decollement method. Considering the complication, downtime and cosmetic results, Botox injection is suitable for patients with minor or median odor, while combined liposuction and curettage is selected for patients with median to severe odor.</p>

Atrial myocytes KChIP2 mRNA expression in rheumatic heart disease patients with atrial fibrillation / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the KChIP2 mRNA level in rheumatic heart disease patients with or without atrial fibrillation (AF) by real-time PCR.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Right atrial appendage samples from rheumatic heart disease patients with (n = 17) or without AF (n = 13) were obtained during cardiac surgery. Total RNA was extracted from the atrial tissues, and the KChIP2 and Kv4.3 mRNA were detected by SYBR Green I real-time PCR with the GAPDH as the house keeping gene.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The ratio of KChIP2/GAPDH (0.1468 +/- 0.0452 vs. 0.2200 +/- 0.0388, P<0.01) and the ratio of Kv4.3/GAPDH (0.3946 +/- 0.1826 vs. 0.5257 +/- 0.1427, P<0.05) were significantly lower in AF patients compared to non-AF patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Down-regulated atrial KChIP2 and Kv4.3 mRNA expressions in rheumatic heart disease patients with chronic AF might be one of the molecular bases responsible for the down-regulation of the I(to) current density of AF.</p>

The clinical application of parotid fascia-SMAS-platysma flap in the lifting of lower face and neck / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the technique of lower face and neck lifting with parotid fascia-SMAS-platysma flap.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To improve the lifting strength of SMAS and the cosmetic result, the traditional SMAS-platysma flap was modified as parotid fascia-SMAS-platysma flap. The modified flap was folded and suspended step by step to lift the lower face and neck.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From Oct. 2004 to Oct. 2008, 78 patients were treated with this method. The patients' age ranged from 40 to 65 years old. There were 2 cases of male and 76 cases of female. All the patients were followed up for 6 months to 4 year with satisfactory results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Folding and suspension of the parotid fascia-SMAS-platysma flap step by step can effectively lift the saggy tissue of lower face and neck.</p>

Correction of secondary breast deformities after removement of injected polyacrylamide hydrophilic gel / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correction of secondary breast deformities after removement of injected polyacrylamide hydrophilic gel (PAHG).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2003 to March 2008, 100 patients with bilateral breast augmentation with injected PAHG underwent operation to remove the PAHG. The age of patients ranged from 35 to 50 years. Ultrasound and MRI were performed before operation to show the distribution of PAHG and the muscle infiltration around the PAHG. According to the PAHG distribution, muscle infiltration, skin elasticity, infection and PAHG residue, the patients were treated respectively with breast implants at the same stage or at the second stage, or without implants.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients were followed up for 3 months to 3 years. The percentage of satisfactory, median satisfactory and dissatisfactory was 90%, 9%, and 1%. In the median satisfactory group, 3 breasts in 3 cases showed slight capsular contracture (Baker II), 8 implants in 6 cases were palpable on the lower pole of the breasts. The middle-aged patient in dissatisfactory group was not satisfied with the high-projected implants shape which were chosen by herself and placed at the second stage. Then implants were removed. There was no complication of implant hernia, infection, wound disruption, or asymmetry.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The secondary breast deformities could be corrected by breast augmentation with implants. Both breast appearance and the psychological affection can be improved.</p>

Determination of residual acrylamide in medical polyacrylamide hydrogel by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine residual acrylamide in medical polyacrylamide hydrogel by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After (13)C3 labeled acrylamide was added, the sample was extracted with water and then cleaned up with Extrelut 20. The polyacrylamide hydrogel sample and 20 clinical cases were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and isotope dilution quantifying technique in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Acrylamide was separated from polyacrylamide hydrogel. The concentration of acrylamide in polyacrylamide hydrogel ranged from 3.9 x 10(-9) to 3.1 x 10(-8) g/L in the 20 clinical cases. The peak area was favorable linear and the range was up to 3000 microg/L. The recovery rate was 103.1% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.20%, when the mark level was 50 microg/L.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPLC-MS is a rapid, accurate, and sensitive method for the determination of residual acrylamide in medical polyacrylamide hydrogel.</p>

Plastic surgical treatment for malignant soft tissue tumors and refractory wounds / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the advantages of plastic surgical treatment for malignant soft tissue tumors and refractory wounds.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the lesion type, location, and size, malignant tumors were excised including the 3 - 5 cm normal tissue around the tumor and the refractory wounds were debrided completely. The adjacent flaps or musculocutaneous flaps, or free flaps were selected to repair the defect.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From 2003 to 2006, 21 cases were treated. All the flaps survived completely. The patients were followed up for 2 - 3 years with relapse in only one case with tumor. All the refractory wound healed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Excellent results can be achieved with plastic surgical technique for malignant soft tissue tumors and refractory wounds. Plastic surgical technique enhances the therapeutic effect of other surgical treatment.</p>

UTP regulates spontaneous transient outward currents in porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells through PLC-IP(3) signaling pathway / 生理学报

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3))-generating agonist UTP on spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs), and explore the role of intracellular Ca(2+) release in the current response mediated by IP(3) in porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs). The coronary artery was excised from the fresh porcine heart and cut into small segments (2 mm × 5 mm) and then transferred to enzymatic dissociation solution for incubation. Single CASMCs were obtained by two-step enzyme digestion at 37 °C. STOCs were recorded and characterized using the perforated whole-cell patch-clamp configuration in freshly isolated porcine CASMCs. The currents were amplified and filtered by patch-clamp amplifier (Axopatch 200B), and then the digitized data were recorded by pClamp 9.0 software and further analyzed by MiniAnalysis 6.0 program. The results were as follows: (1) UTP led to conspicuous increases in STOC amplitude by (57.54±5.34)% and in frequency by (77.46±8.42)% (P<0.01, n=38). (2) The specific blocker of phospholipase C (PLC) - U73122 (5 μmol/L) remarkably reduced STOC amplitude by (31.04±7.46)% and frequency by (41.65±16.59)%, respectively (P<0.05, n=10). In the presence of U73122, UTP failed to reactivate STOCs (n=7). (3) Verapamil (20 μmol/L) and CdCl2 (200 μmol/L), two blockers of L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels, had little effects on STOCs initiated by UTP (n=8). (4) 1 μmol/L bisindolylmaleimide I (BisI), a potent blocker of protein kinase C (PKC), significantly increased STOC amplitude by (65.44±24.66)% and frequency by (61.35±21.47)% (P<0.01, n=12); UTP (40 μmol/L), applied in the presence of 1 μmol/L BisI, could further increase STOC activity (P<0.05, P<0.01, n=12). Subsequent application of ryanodine (50 μmol/L) abolished STOC activity. (5) In the presence of UTP (40 μmol/L), inhibition of IP(3) receptors (IP(3)Rs) by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB, 40 μmol/L) reduced STOC amplitude by (24.08±3.97)% (P<0.05, n=8), but had little effect on STOC frequency (n=8). While application of 2-APB (80 μmol/L) significantly reduced STOC amplitude by (31.43±6.34)% and frequency by (40.59±19.01)%, respectively (P<0.05, P<0.01, n=6). Subsequent application of ryanodine (50 μmol/L) completely blocked STOC activity. Pretreatment of cells with 2-APB (40 μmol/L) or ryanodine (50 μmol/L), UTP (40 μmol/L) failed to reactivate STOCs. The results suggest that UTP activates STOCs mainly via PLC and IP(3)-dependent mechanisms. Complex Ca(2+)-mobilization pathways are involved in UTP-mediated STOC activation in porcine CASMCs.

Classification and surgical management of upperlid dermatochalasis in middle-aged and elderly patients / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the classification and surgical management of upper lid dematochalasis in middle-aged and elderly patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>105 cases with upper lid dermatochalasis who underwent surgical treatment between May, 2000 to May, 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. The dermatochalasis was classified according to eye brow position, bulge contour and the skin amount of upper lid. The post-operative cosmetic result was also assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 105 treated cases, the post-operative cosmetic result was assessed as very satisfactory in 77 (87%) cases, as satisfactory in 11(10%) cases, and as dissatisfactory in 3 (2%) cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Dermatochalasis in middle-aged and elderly patients has different types and should be treated with different surgical method.</p>

An improved method for isolation of single atrial myocyte from human heart / 生理学报

To approach the method of isolation of tolerant human atrial myocytes, single myocytes were isolated by modified procedure of enzymatic dissociation with protease (type XXIV) and collagenase (type V). L-type calcium channel current (I(Ca-L)), sodium current (I(Na)), transient outward potassium current (I(to1)), and inward rectifier potassium current (I(K1)) in isolated atrial myocytes were recorded by using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. Single cardiocytes isolated by this method were smooth, well-striated and rod-shaped. The yields of recordable myocytes, which viable and calcium-tolerant for electrophysiological studies, were 50%-60% of the total isolated cells. Compared with other isolation methods, this method was simple and steady, but with yield of a great number of qualified myocytes. The currents recorded in these cells were functional and active. Our research suggests that the myocytes isolated by the described method in this paper have normal electrophysiological function and are appropriate for patch-clamp experiments.

Clinical study of preoperative analgesia for liposuction / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of the preoperative analgesia with Oxycodone/Acetaminophen for liposuction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 40 patients undergoing the liposuction were randomly assigned into two groups which were received a single oral dose of Oxycodone/Acetaminophen or calcium gluconate respectively before the operation. The degrees of pain were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) at the beginning and the end of the operation. Adverse effects and the overall satisfaction on analgesic therapy were assessed when operation finished.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The VAS scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group at the beginning and the end of operation (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in side effects (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Oxycodone/Acetaminophen could produce preemptive effect. Preoperative oral administration of Oxycodone/ Acetaminophen may provide patients with good analgesia in plastic and cosmetic operation.</p>