µ-opioid receptors in the central nucleus of the amygdala mediate sodium intake in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the opioidergic mechanism of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) for regulating sodium appetite in rats.</p><p><b>METHDOS</b>Using the elaborate invasive cerebral cannulation and brain microinjection method, we observed the effects of bilateral intra-CeA injections of DAMGO (a selective µ-opioid receptor agonist) and CTAP (a highly selective µ-opioid receptor antagonist), either alone or in combination, on NaCl solution (0.3 mol/L) and water intake by rats in different models of Naingestion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the two-bottle tests, bilateral injections of DAMGO at 1, 2, and 4 nmol into the CeA induced a dose-related increase of NaCl and water intake in rats treated with water deprivation with partial rehydration (WD-PR), and pretreatment with 0.5, 1, and 2 nmol CTAP injected into the CeA significantly suppressed DAMGO-induced NaCl and water intake in a dose-dependent manner: in the one-bottle tests, bilateral injections of DAMGO (2 noml) into the CeA had no effect on water intake of the rats. In rats with subcutaneous injection of furosemide (FURO) combined with captopril (CAP) (FURO+CAP), bilateral intra-CeA injections of DAMGO (2 nmol) caused increased NaCl and water intake in the two-bottle tests, but such effects were suppressed by pretreatment with CTAP injection into the CeA; in the one-bottle tests, bilateral intra-CeA injections of DAMGO had no effect on water intake of the rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>µ-opioid receptors in the CeA are involved in the excitatory regulation of sodium appetite to mediate sodium intake. µ-opioid receptor antagonists are expected to be targets for developing inhibitors of sodium appetite.</p>

Intermittent starvation attenuating neurofilament phosphorylation and spatial learning and memory disorder induced by sodium nitrite in rats / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the effect of intermittent starvation on neurofilament phosphorylation and spatial learning and memory in rats induced by sodium nitrite. Methods Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into control, NaNO2 and stavation + NaNO2 groups, 12 rats in each group. NaNO2 group and slavation + NaNO2 group rats were served as drinking water containing sodium nitrite [100mg/(kg · d)]. Starvation + NaNO2 group rats were deprived of food for 2 days, and then re-feeded for 3 days. Sixty days later, the ability of spatial learning and memory of the rats was measured by Morris water maze. Phosphorylation level of neurofilament in the hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results In comparison with the control rats, the NaNO2 rats showed significantly longer latency to find the hidden platform from 2 days to 7 days in Morris water maze (control group latency: 31.24 ± 8.53, 12.41 ± 6.54, 10.49 ± 6.43, 8.61 ±2.56, 7.25 ±2.12, 6.03 ±1.92; NaNO2 group latency: 53.34 ±5.28, 35.15 ± 10.29, 23.52 ±9.50, 14.49 ±8.70, 16.87 ±8.77, 12.31 ±7.12) (P<0.05, P <0.01), and elevated phosphorylation level of neurofilament, while stavation + NaNO2 group rats only showed longer latency on 2 days and 3 days(43.61 ± 1.76, 25.25 ±7.49) in Morris water maze. There was no obvious difference in phosphorylation level of neurofilament between the control and stavation + NaNO2 group. Conclusion Intermittent starvation attenuates neurofilament phosphorylation and spatial learning and memory disorder induced by sodium nitrite in rats.

Effect of 5-HT7 receptor agonist on pyramidal neurons in the medial frontal cortex in a rat model of Parkinson's disease / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the activity of pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of normal and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats and the responses of the neurons to 5-hydroxytryptamine-7 (5-HT(7)) receptor stimulation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The changes in spontaneous firing of the pyramidal neurons in the mPFC in response to 5-HT(7) receptor stimulation were observed by extracellular recording in normal and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both systemic and local administration of 5-HT(7) receptor agonist AS 19 resulted in 3 response patterns (excitation, inhibition and no change) of the pyramidal neurons in the mPFC of normal and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. In normal rats, the predominant response of the pyramidal neurons to AS 19 stimulation was excitatory, and the inhibitory effect of systemically administered AS 19 was reversed by GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxinin. In the lesioned rats, systemic administration of AS 19 also increased the mean firing rate of the pyramidal neurons, but the cumulative dose for producing excitation was higher than that in normal rats. Systemic administration of AS 19 produced an inhibitory effect in the lesioned rats, which was partially reversed by picrotoxinin. Local administration of AS 19 at the same dose did not change the ?ring rate of the neurons in the lesioned rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The activity of mPFC pyramidal neurons is directly or indirectly regulated by 5-HT7 receptor, and degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway leads to decreased response of these neurons to AS 19.</p>

Effect of sodium nitrite on phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins and spatial learning and memory in rats / 生理学报

The present study was aimed to explore the effect of sodium nitrite on cytoskeletal protein phosphorylation and spatial learning and memory in rats. Rats were served with drinking water containing sodium nitrite (100 mg/kg) for 60 days, then, the ability of spatial learning and memory of the rats was measured by Morris water maze. Phosphorylation level of tau and neurofilament, and the expression of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) catalytic subunit in the hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. In comparison with the rats served with normal tap water, the rats served with sodium nitrite water showed significantly longer latency to find the hidden platform in Morris water maze (P < 0.05), elevated phosphorylation level of tau and neurofilament, and decreased expression of PP2A catalytic subunit (P < 0.05). These results indicated that administration of sodium nitrite could impair the spatial learning and memory of the rats, and the hyperphosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins and the down-regulation of PP2A might be underlying mechanisms for the impairment.

Intraventricular injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine alters neuronal activity of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex of rat / 生理学报

The present study is aimed to investigated the firing activity of pyramidal neurons and interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in rats with bilateral intraventricular injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) by using in vivo extracellular recording. The results showed that the injection of 5,7-DHT reduced the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in the mPFC and dorsal raphe nucleus in the rats. The firing rate of mPFC pyramidal neurons in rats with 5,7-DHT injection was significantly higher than that of normal rats, and the firing pattern of these neurons also changed significantly towards a more burst-firing, while the injection decreased the firing rate of mPFC interneurons and changed the firing pattern of the interneurons towards a more irregular. These results indicate that the lesions of the serotonergic neurons lead to the changes in the firing activity of mPFC pyramidal neurons and interneurons, suggesting that serotonergic system plays an important role in the regulation of the neuronal activity in the mPFC.

Differences of clinical manifestations from cytomegalovirus infection in children of various age groups / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Newborns have been the focus group for most studies of cytomegalovirus infection. The objective of the study is to share some preliminary analysis on clinical manifestation differences resulting from cytomegalovirus infection in children of various age groups.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 108 children with cytomegalovirus infection were retrospectively reviewed. The children were classified into three age groups: <6 months, 6-12 months and >12 months. The differences in clinical manifestations from cytomegalovirus infection among the three age groups were identified.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Each age group carried distinctive differences in the occurrence of hepatic damage, jaundice, pneumonia, and hematological manifestations, as well as incidence rate of malformation (p<0.05 or 0.01). The primary clinical manifestations of group<6 months old were hepatic damage(83%), pneumonia(47%) and jaundice (43%). There was a similar proportion of anicteric-hepatitis and icteric-hepatitis; however a low incidence rate of hematological disease (6%) was found in group<6 months old. The primary clinical manifestations of group 6-12 months old were hepatic damage (86%), mostly with no presence of jaundice, pneumonia (33%), and hematological disease (20%). Hepatic damage (52%) and hematological disease (33%) were leading clinical symptoms in group>12 months old where jaundice and pneumonia were rare events.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>End-organ damage triggered by cytomegalovirus infection is related to the age of the affected children closely.</p>

Application of immunofluorescence and sandwich ELISA with double-antibodies in detection of human rabies / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the application of immunofluorescence and sandwich ELISA with double-antibodies in detection of human rabies.@*METHODS@#The cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and hippocampus of four patients died of rabies identified by clinical diagnosis were collected and kept in freezer at -70 degrees C or in formaldehyde solution separately. The rat brain tissue infected by CVS strain of rabies virus was used as a positive control and the brain tissue of a patient died of acute pancreatitis was used as a negative control.@*RESULTS@#Rabies virus was detected in the tissues kept in freezer at -70 degrees C and the positive control but was not detected in the tissues kept in formaldehyde solution and the negative control.@*CONCLUSION@#Immunofluorescence and Sandwich ELISA with double-antibodies could be used in detection of human rabies. The samples should be kept in deep frozen temperature condition instead of in formaldehyde solution.

Construction of the Bac-to-Bac System of Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedroviru / 中国病毒学

To construct the Bac-to-Bac expression system of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), a transfer vector was constructed which contained an Escherichia coli (E. coli) mini-F replicon and a lacZ: attTN7: lacZ cassette within the upstream and downstream regions of the BmNPV polyhedrin gene. B. mori larvae were cotransfected with wild-type BmNPV genomic DNA and the transfer vector through subcutaneous injection to generate recombinant viruses by homologous recombination in vivo. The genomic DNA of budded viruses extracted from the hemolymph of the transfected larvae was used to transform E. coli DH10B. Recombinant bacmids were screened by kanamycin resistance, PCR and restriction enzyme (REN) digestion. One of the bacmid colonies, BmBacJS13, which had similar REN profiles to that of wild-type BmNPV, was selected for further research. To investigate the infectivity of BmBacJS13, the polyhedrin gene was introduced into the bacmid and the resultant recombinant (BmBacJS13-ph) was transfected to BmN cells. The budded viruses were collected from the supernatant of the transfected cells and used for infecting BmN cells. Growth curve analysis indicated that BmBacJS13-ph had a similar growth curve to that of wild-type BmNPV. Bio-assays indicated that BmBacJS13-ph was also infectious to B. mori larvae.

Comparative study of the replication difference of HearNPV in infected exponential and stationary host cells / 病毒学报

Real-time quantitative PCR was used to characterize HearNPV DNA replication in exponential and stationary phases of HzAM1 cells. Results showed that the doubling time of HzAM1 cells was 22 h in exponential phases. Most of the exponential cells were in S phase (48.6%), and most of the stationary cells in G2/M phase (72.6%). The replication of viral DNA was completed within 60 h post infection (h p. i.) in different phases of HzAM1 cells. During 14 to 20 h p. i., the doubling time of HearNPV replica-tion was 1.8 h in exponential cells and 1.9 h in stationary cells, and no significant difference was found between them. But the amounts of BV entering and releasing, the final progeny virions and viral protein products in the infected exponential phase cells were obviously higher than that in the stationary phase cells. 25% of the total synthesized viral DNAs were released from infected exponential phase cells, but on-ly 13% from the infected stationary phase cells. Viral DNA started to be replicated from 7-8 h p. i. both in infected exponential phase and in stationary phase cells. But in infected exponential phase cells, BVs were started to release from 18-20 h p. i., and BVs were started to release from 22-25 h p. i. from infected sta-tionary phase cells. During 30-60 h p. i., the BV releasing rate was about 483 copies/cell/h in the expo-nential phase cells, but was 100 copies/cell/h in the stationary-phase cells. The initial viral DNA entering into exponential phase cells was much more than that entered into the stationary phase cells. The data of cell membrane fluidity at exponential and stationary phases suggested that the fluidity of cell membrane played an important role during virus entry.

An imaging study using laminin peptide 99mTc-YIGSR in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumour / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The YIGSR is a pentapeptide, from the laminin-1 of the beta1 chain, which can mediate cell adhesion and bind the 67 kD laminin receptor. The purpose is to evaluate the usefulness of (99m)Tc-YIGSR, a novel tumour radiotracer, in the receptor imaging of Ehrlich ascites tumour.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using S-acetly-NH3-MAG3 as chelate, YIGSR, a pentapeptide from laminin, was tagged with (99m)Tc. (99m)Tc-YIGSR was detected in the tumour group bearing Ehrlich ascites tumour and blocked group. Tumour, normal, inflammatory and blocked groups were imaged.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Through reverse phase Sep-Pak C18 chromatogram, it was revealed that YIGSR could conjugate with S-acetly-NH3-MAG3, and be radiolabelled at room temperature and neutral pH with a radiolabelling yield of 62%, and of 4% without chelate. (99m)Tc-YIGSR was rapidly cleared from kidney, then liver. The imaging findings showed tumour tissue accumulated initial radioactivity at fifteen minutes after injection in the tumour group, and the uptake increased to peak at three hours with a tumour/muscle ratio (T/M) of 11.36, then cleared slowly to a T/M of 7.50 at eight hours. The tumour uptake of radiotracer in blocked group was significantly lower with T/M of 4.61 at three hours and 0.89 at eight hours. The T/M was only 3.72 at three hours and 1.29 at eight hours after injection in inflammatory group. Compared with inflammatory group and control obstructive group, the ratio of T/M in tumour group was significantly different (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Using S-acetly-NH3-MAG3, we radiolabelled YIGSR with (99m)Tc. (99m)Tc-YIGSR possesses many merits of tumour imaging: rapid visualization, high sensitivity and specificity, and satisfactory target/nontarget ratio. Our data suggest (99m)Tc-YIGSR is a promising tumour radiotracer.</p>

Curative Effect of Anti-Helicobacter Pylori Treatment on Recurrent Abdominal Pain and Chronic Superficial Gastritis in Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

0.05).There was significant difference of curative effect before and after treatment of children with RAP(?2=6.74,P

Epidemiological Survey of Nodular Gastritis and Duodenal Ulcer before and after Eradicative Treatment of Hpylori Infection / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of nodular gastritis,duodenal ulcer before and after eradicative treatment of helicobactor pylori(Hp) infection in children with gastroscopy.Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 1 275 children,age ranging 1 to 16 years old,collected from our hospital in recent 10 years,detecting rates of before eradicative treatment and after eradicative treatment were analyzed.Gastroscopes were analyzed with regard to a possible association with the infection.Results The detecting rate(11.89%) of duodenal ulcer after eradicative treatment was lower than that(17%) before eradicative treatment(P