Prevalence of chronic diseases among bus drivers in Hefei， Anhui / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of working conditions on the occurrence and development of chronic diseases in bus drivers in Hefei. MethodsA total of 380 bus drivers were selected by convenient sampling method. Their basic information， working intensity， working environment， working habits， living habits and physical health were investigated. ResultsThe three most common occupational-related diseases were： 1） anxiety and depression caused by work environment such as noise and traffic jam （70.79%， 269/380）； 2） dry eyes， eye fatigue， blurred vision and so on （65.53%， 249/380）； 3） cervical and lumbar pain （63.16%， 240/380）. Gastrointestinal dysfunction （irritable bowel syndrome related symptoms） occurred in 42.37% （161/380） of the drivers and 45.53% （173/380） had suffered from hemorrhoids or anal fissure. Drivers with long-term suffocation were more likely to suffer from urinary tract infection （χ 2=22.330， P<0.001）. The rate of subjective eye discomfort was higher in the drivers with long working hours （χ 2=11.682， P<0.01）， and the rate of leg swelling was higher in the drivers with frequent driving without rest （χ 2=16.642， P<0.05）. There was a significant difference in the rate of anxiety and depression between the divers with different sleep duration （χ 2=17.379，P<0.001）. Results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of anxiety and depression was higher in drivers with longer working hours. In comparison with the group of over 6 working hours， the rate increased to 4.080 times in the group of over 8 working hours， 2.583 times in the group of over 10 working hours， and 2.484 times in the group of over 12 working hours， respectively. Occasional and frequent non-stop working drivers were 4.302 and 4.828 times， respectively， more likely to be anxious or depressed. Logistic regression analysis also showed that the incidence of gastrointestinal dysfunction （irritable bowel syndrome related symptoms） in drivers with anxiety and depression was 3.792 times higher than that in drivers without anxiety and depression （OR=3.792， 95% CI 2.384 to 6.029， P<0.001）. ConclusionSome working environment， excessive working intensity， poor living and working habits， and mental problems are closely related to the occurrence and development of chronic diseases in bus drivers.

Prevalence of chronic diseases among bus drivers in Hefei， Anhui / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of working conditions on the occurrence and development of chronic diseases in bus drivers in Hefei. MethodsA total of 380 bus drivers were selected by convenient sampling method. Their basic information， working intensity， working environment， working habits， living habits and physical health were investigated. ResultsThe three most common occupational-related diseases were： 1） anxiety and depression caused by work environment such as noise and traffic jam （70.79%， 269/380）； 2） dry eyes， eye fatigue， blurred vision and so on （65.53%， 249/380）； 3） cervical and lumbar pain （63.16%， 240/380）. Gastrointestinal dysfunction （irritable bowel syndrome related symptoms） occurred in 42.37% （161/380） of the drivers and 45.53% （173/380） had suffered from hemorrhoids or anal fissure. Drivers with long-term suffocation were more likely to suffer from urinary tract infection （χ 2=22.330， P<0.001）. The rate of subjective eye discomfort was higher in the drivers with long working hours （χ 2=11.682， P<0.01）， and the rate of leg swelling was higher in the drivers with frequent driving without rest （χ 2=16.642， P<0.05）. There was a significant difference in the rate of anxiety and depression between the divers with different sleep duration （χ 2=17.379，P<0.001）. Results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of anxiety and depression was higher in drivers with longer working hours. In comparison with the group of over 6 working hours， the rate increased to 4.080 times in the group of over 8 working hours， 2.583 times in the group of over 10 working hours， and 2.484 times in the group of over 12 working hours， respectively. Occasional and frequent non-stop working drivers were 4.302 and 4.828 times， respectively， more likely to be anxious or depressed. Logistic regression analysis also showed that the incidence of gastrointestinal dysfunction （irritable bowel syndrome related symptoms） in drivers with anxiety and depression was 3.792 times higher than that in drivers without anxiety and depression （OR=3.792， 95% CI 2.384 to 6.029， P<0.001）. ConclusionSome working environment， excessive working intensity， poor living and working habits， and mental problems are closely related to the occurrence and development of chronic diseases in bus drivers.

Chemical modification endows heparin with low anticoagulant and high antineoplastic activities / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the anticoagulant and antineoplastic activities of chemically modified low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>LMWH obtained by splitting unfractionated heparin (UFH) with sodium periodate oxidation and sodium borohydride reduction was subjected to acetylation catalyzed by DCC and DMAP to produce acetylated LMWH (ALMWH). The anticoagulant activity of ALMWH was determined in mice, and its antiproliferative and anti-invasion activities was assessed in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MFC-7.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The anticoagulant activity of LMWH was decreased significantly after acetylation. The concentrations of commercial LMWH* and ALMWH for doubling the coagulation time (CT) were 33.04 µmol/L and 223.56 µmol/L, respectively, and the IC(50) of ALMWH for doubling CT was 6 times of that of LMWH*. ALMWH and LMWH at 0.1, 0.3, 0.9, 2.7 and 8.1 mmol/L both significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, but ALMWH produced stronger inhibitory effects. The IC(50) of LMWH and ALMWH for inhibiting cell proliferation was 3168.4 µmol/L and 152.6 µmol/L in MCF-7 cells, and 12299.6 µmol/L and 22.2 µmol/L in MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. ALMWH and LMWH all markedly suppressed the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells with comparable effects.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chemical modification of structure can endow LMWH with a low anticoagulant and high antiproliferative activities.</p>

Effects of cisplatin combined with heparanase inhibitor on proliferation and invasion of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells / 药学学报

This study is to investigate the effects of cisplatin combined with heparanase inhibitor OGT2115 on proliferation, invasion and migration of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE-2 and to provide a new target for the treatment of metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. MTT assay was used to detect the cell viability of CNE-2 after exposure to different concentrations of DDP (2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 micromol x L(-1)), different concentrations of OGT2115 (0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 and 6.4 micromol x L(-1)), and DDP combined with OGT2115. Transwell assay was applied to analyze the effects of drugs on invasion and migration of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Wound healing assay was performed to detect cell migration and heparanase activity was analyzed by ELISA. MTT results showed that DDP can inhibit the proliferation of CNE-2 cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 24.03 micromol x L(-1) at 24 h (P < 0.05), low concentration of DDP has almost no inhibitory effect on cell invasion and migration. DDP combined with OGT2115 can significantly inhibit cell invasion and migration. Inhibition of heparanase can significantly enhance anti-invasion and anti-proliferation of DDP.

2-DG enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis of leukemia HL-60 cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) on sensitizing HL-60 cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis and its possible mechanism. The proliferative inhibition of HL-60 cells treated with different concentrations of 2-DG and TRAIL was measured by MTT assay. The cells were treated with 2-DG, TRAIL, and 2-DG combined with TRAIL at the concentration < IC50 value, i.e. 10 mmol/L for 2-DG and 100 ng/ml for TRAIL. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry with PI staining; the expression of RIP1, GRP78, and PARP was analyzed by Western blot; the activity of caspase-3 was detected by special detection kit. The results showed that the combined treatment of HL-60 cells for 48 h induced an apoptotic rate of (45.1 ± 4.3)%, which was significantly higher than that of treated with 2-DG or TRAIL alone; at the same time, the combined treatment potentiated the expression of GRP78 and caspase-3 activity, and down-regulated the expression of RIP1. It is concluded that 2-DG can sensitize HL-60 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, which may be correlated with excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress response, down-regulation of RIP1, and increase of caspase-3 activity.

Construction and screening of specific short hairpin RNA vector targeting heparanase gene / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vectors of RNA for specific silencing of heparanase (HPA) gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The genomic sequence of HPA gene was retrieved from GenBank and the cDNA encoding shRNA for HPA gene silencing was designed. Five specific interference sequences and a random negative control sequence were inserted into the vector pGPU6/GFP/Neo. After verification by restriction enzyme digestion and sequence analysis, the recombinant vectors were transfected into MDA-MB-231 cells via lipofectamine. Fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the expression of HPA gene expressions in the transfected cells at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both restriction analysis and sequencing confirmed correct construction of the shRNA vectors. Transfected with the specific siRNA vectors HPSE-1 and HPSE-5 resulted in significantly decreased expression level of HPA protein in MDA-MB-231 cells, while negative control vector produced no significant changes in HPA expressions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We have obtained two shRNA vectors which can significantly down-regulate HPA expressions in MDA-MB-231 cells, which facilitates further investigation of the role HPA may play in the invasiveness and metastasis of human breast cancer.</p>

Progressing growth of tumor cell and synthesis of Bip/GRP78 / 中国药理学通报

AIM: To explore the relationship between tumor progressing growth and synthesis of Bip/GRP78 in vitro. METHOD: Using tumor cell culture, ion exchange chromatography, SDS-PAGE, specific enzymatic, chemical catalysis, mass spectra and so on, the synthesis of Bip/GRP78 of cells growth in exponential, confluent and post-confluent phases was examined,and compared to normal breast epithelial cells. RESULTS: During the progressing growth, tumor cells' synthesis of Bip/GRP78 exhibited growth situation, cell density and malignant degree-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: During the progressing growth, tumor cells can maintain its homeostasis by synthesizing Bip/GRP78. This synthesis is intensely growth situation. Cell density and malignant degree-dependent. By this synthesis, tumor cell establishs its defensive system. Because increasing investigate results have shown that Bip/GRP78 can decrease the sensitivity of tumor cell to be killed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, increase its tumorigencity and prevent its apoptosis. So aiming at destruction of the synthesis of Bip/GRP78 may point to a new approaches to the therapy of cancer.