Intervention effect of low temperature plasma air purifier in highway toll booths / 环境与职业医学

Background The serious air pollution of highway toll booths poses a high occupational exposure risk to toll collectors. It is urgent to develop purification methods suitable for airborne particles and microbial pathogens in highway toll booths. Objective To verify the purification effect of low temperature plasma air purifiers on airborne particles and microbes in highway toll booths. Methods Based on controlled-intervention design, we selected three toll booths in an expressway toll station as on-site experimental locations for 6 d (no-intervention period: the low-temperature plasma purifier was turned off in the first three days; intervention period: the purifier was turned on from 9:00 to 17:00 in the following three days). The indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were continuously monitored during the study. At 9:00, 12:00, and 17:00 of every day during the experiment, indoor and outdoor air samples were collected to analyze the concentration of airborne culturable colonies with a plankton sampler. Airborne particle samples were collected in the outermost exit continuously from 9:00 to 17:00 every day during the experiment using a medium flow particulate sampler, and the species and relative abundance of fungi and bacteria contained in the samples were analyzed by gene sequencing. Independent-sample t test was used to compare the concentration of indoor PM2.5, PM10, and culturable colonies between the intervention period and the non-intervention period. α diversity analysis, β diversity analysis, and t test were used to compare the diversity and relative abundance of specific species of bacteria and fungi, as well as typical pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the samples between the non-intervention period and the intervention period to reflect the purification effect of low temperature plasma air purifier on airborne PM2.5, PM10, and microorganisms. Results During the intervention period, the mean indoor concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and culturable colonies were lower than those of the no-intervention period (P<0.01 or P<0.001). The ratios of indoor to outdoor concentration (I/O) of PM2.5 and PM10 during the intervention period were significantly lower than those of the no-intervention period (P<0.001), except the I/O of culturable colonies. Compared with the average concentration at 9:00, the average cleaning rates at 12:00 and 17:00 for PM2.5 were 49.0% and 46.1%, for PM10 were 49.7% and 45.4%, for airborne culturable colonies were 50.8% and 49.9%, respectively. The β diversity analysis showed that there were significant differences in composition at the level of species of bacteria, and at the levels of genus and species of fungi between the intervention and the no-intervention periods. The relative abundances of 10 species of bacteria such as Lactobacillus and 7 species of fungi such as Torula in the intervention period were significantly lower than those in the non-intervention period, but the relative abundances of fungi such as unclassified_f_cladosporiaceae, trichomerium, and cercospora were higher (P<0.05). For typical pathogenic bacteria, the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 during the intervention period were 73.5% and 86.9% lower than those in the no-intervention period, and the relative abundance of Talaromyces was 53.5% lower (P<0.05). Conclusion Low temperature plasma air purifier has a good purification effect on indoor PM2.5, PM10, and culturable colonies in highway toll booths, and likely a limited effect on some fungi.

Analysis of diseases outcome of inpatients of a prefectural hospital in Xinjiang from 2006 to 2008 / 中国基层医药

Objective To identify the diseases outcome of inpatients of prefectural hospital in Xinjiang,through analyzing the diseases outcome of inpatients of a prefectural hospital in Xinjiang from 2006 to 2008.Methods To analyze the diseases outcome of inpatients(20 533 cases)randomly selectedin hospital from 2006 to 2008 the date were aralgzed.according to year,gender,ethnicity,disease systems.Results The overall cured rate,improved rate,healed rate,fatality rate of inpatients was 42.10％(8663 cases),51.10％(10 463 cases),6.00％(1242 cases),0.80％(165 cases)respectively.The fatality rate of inpatients of above 60 years old,45 ～59 years old,15 ～44 years old is higher in inpatients of various age groups; The fatality rate of inpatients of tumor,circulatory system diseases,symptoms of menopause with the experimental and clinical body seen to be kind to the suffering of its is higher in inpatients of various systemic diseases,binary multinomial logistic regression shows that the disease outcome is influenced by gender,age,disease systems,hospital annual,four single factors,but not influenced by ethnicity.Conclusion The cured rate adding improved rate is over 90％ of common and frequently-occurring diseases in the prefectural hospital of Xinjiang province.The fatality rate is higher in inpatients who suffered from tumor or circulatory system diseases or symptoms of menopause with the experimental and clinical body seen to be kind to the suffering of its and the fatality rate of all age groups over 15 years old is higher.

Analysis of the determinants of average length of stay of primary hospitals of Xinjiang province / 中国基层医药

ObjectiveTo explore the determinants of average length of stay of three county hospitals and eleven countryside hospitals of Xinjiang province.MethodsRelative data of the county and the countryside hospitals from 2009 to 2010 were collected,and descriptive analysis and rank sum test were employed to explore the determinants of average length of stay.ResultsThe average length of stay of the county hospital was longer than the countryside hospital,the average length of stay had significant differences between the gender,age,and the disease classfication.ConclusionThe average length of stay of the county hospitals and countryside hospitals had difference significantly.

A study of relationship between obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in hypertension and insulin / 中华内科杂志

Objective To investigate the association between the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) in hypertension and insulin.Methods A total of 521 patients were divided into 4 groups according to apnea-hypopnea index and OSAHS degrees.The control group ( group Ⅰ ),mild OSAHS group ( group Ⅱ ),moderate OSAHS group ( group Ⅲ ) and severe OSAHS group ( group Ⅳ ) had 89 patients,194 patients,118 patients and 120 patients respectively.Results The BMI[( 30.4 ± 3.8 )kg/m2],apnea-hypopnea index ( AHI,3.8 ± 0.1 ),Fasting insulin (FIns)[(3.08 ± 0.26 ) mU/L]and insulin resistance ( 2.43 ± 0.27 ) of patients in severe OSAHS group were significantly higher than that of in the control,mild OSAHS group and moderate OSAHS group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The levels of saturation of minimum oxygen from skin of patients in severe OSAHS group was significantly lower ( MSpO2 ) than in that of the control,mild OSAHS group and moderate OSAHS group.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that fasting plasma insulin and insulin resistance was positive correlation with apnea-hypopnea index,while they also negatively associated with saturation of minimum oxygen.Conclusions FIns and insulin resistance strongly associate with AHI and levels of saturation of minimum oxygen from skin.Hypertensive patients with OSAHS have more chances to suffer with insulin resistance.

The risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis in sleep apnea-related hypertension / 中华内科杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors and morbidity of carotid atherosclerosis (CA) and unstable plague in patients with sleep apnea-related hypertension (SA-RH).MethodsA total of 603 SA-RH subjects screened by polysomnography according to apnea hypopnea index (AHI) were recruited and divided into 3 groups:mild (AHI 5-15 ),moderate (AHI 15-30) and severe (AHI ≥ 30) group,with hypertensive patients with AHI less than 5 served as control.CA was determined by doppler ultrasound as formation of plaque and/or intima-media thickness more than 0.9 mm.Unstable atheroma plaque (UAP) was defined as low echo plaque and/or admixing echo plaque.Results Gender,age,BMI and blood pressure were not matched among groups.The prevalence of CA increased in moderate and severe SA-RH than that in control ( P ＜ 0.01 ) with no significant difference for UAP among groups.Factor analysis was performed to extracted common factors that may influence CA and UAP,such as factor 1-6,represent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA),dyslipidemia (TC,LDL),BMI,blood pressure,age and duration of disease and dyslipidemia (TG,HDL) respectively.Logistic analysis show that OSA and dyslipidemia (TC,LDL) increased the risk of CA,with OR 1.36(95％ CI 1.15-1.59),1.31 (95％ CI 1.12-1.54)respectively,and dyslipidemia (TC,LDL) increased the risk of UAP,with OR 1.30 (95％ CI 1.06-1.58).ConclusionsIn SA-RH populations,higher prevalence of CA may be associated with severity of OSA independently,meanwhile the formation of UAP may be mainly associated with dyslipidemia.

Investigation and analysis of expenses of outpatients at counties and townships medical institutions in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region / 中国基层医药

ObjectiveTo understand condition about cost and economic burden of outpatients in countries and townships medical institutions in Xinjiang.MethodsThirty-one medical institution were selected and the cost and income of one-day outpatients were investigated,then the cost of different diseases,age groups and payment methods and the later disease cost burden were analyzed.ResultsOut-patient expenses of top ten common diseases was pneumonia100.12 yuan,injury 85.18 yuan,hypertension and coronary heart disease(CHD) 69.13 yuan,examination and diseases related to pregnancy 49.60 yuan,disease of the genitourinary system 41.71 yuan,enterogastrtis 34.80 yuan,bronchitis 30.72yuan,osteoarthrosis 24.60 yuan,upper respiratory infection ( URI ) 23.63 yuan,scytitis 21.14yuan;The outpatient expenses of those taking part in Neotype Countryside Cooperative Medical Care Insurance,whose family-month-income was less than 250 yuan,was 18.07 yuan,which disease cost burden was 25.56％.ConclusionThe expenses of infectious diseases in country and township hospitals was in the top ten.The cost of chronic non-communicable diseases was rising significantly;For those participating Neotype Countryside Cooperative Medical Care Insurance,the outpatient expenses was low and the disease economic burden was higher.

Association between the regulator of G-protein signaling 2 gene 1891-1892del TC polymorphism with hypertension in Xinjiang Kazakh population / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association of the 1891-1892del TC polymorphism of regulator of G-protein signalling 2 (RGS2) gene with hypertension in Xinjiang Kazakh population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The case-control study was performed in 444 cases and 489 controls. The genotypes of the individuals in the 1891-1892del TC locus were identified by TaqMan method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A significant association was observed between the1891-1892TC insertion/deletion polymorphism with hypertension in men (OR=1.698, P=0.03) and in the total population (OR=1.32, P=0.044). The mean systolic blood pressure and serum uric acid levels of the ID+DD carriers were significantly higher than that of the II carriers (adjusted, P=0.04 and P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results suggest that the D allele of the 1891-1892TC insertion/deletion locus of the RGS2 gene might be an independent risk factor for hypertension in Xinjiang Kazakhs; and the polymorphism may have some influence on serum uric acid level in this population.</p>