Population structure and seasonal dynamics of mosquitoes in different types of residential areas / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of the type of neighborhoods on the population structure and dynamics of mos-quitoes. Methods The adult population dynamics and larvae breeding of mosquitoes in four different types of neighborhoods were investigated in Yangzhou City. Results The number of trapped mosquitoes was the largest in the urban villages,and more than 800 adult mosquitoes were trapped in each urban village,which was significantly higher than that of ordinary and high qual-ity residences. Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens were dominant species(D>10％)in the four types of residential ar-eas,and Ae. albopictus was the most dominant species(D>57％). The peak occurrence of Ae. albopictus in different areas oc-curred in early June,and it occurred again in the urban village in the middle of September. The occurrence quantity of Cx. pipi-ens pallens was stable in the ordinary residence and high quality residence,while in the urban village and resettlement residen-tial area,the peak occurred in mid-October. The orders of positive rates,densities and the numbers of mosquitoes in the differ-ent types of residential areas were:the urban villages>the resettlement residence>the ordinary residence>the high quality resi-dence. The water vat had the highest positive rate in all kinds of larval habitats,followed by tires and green belt with garbage wa-ter. Conclusions The main mosquito species in the four different types of residential areas are all Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens pallens,but the positive rate,density and the number of mosquitoes in the different types significantly change,especially in the urban villages,the number and the occurrence peak are significant different from those in the other types of residential areas.

Prognostic value of PSA kinetics in locally advanced prostate cancer treated by maximal androgen blockade combined with brachytherapy / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of post-treatment PSA kinetics on the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 114 cases of locally advanced PCa treated by maximal androgen blockade (MAB) combined with brachytherapy, and analyzed the association of the changes in PSA kinetics with the prognosis of the patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median survival time of the patients was 81 (15 - 144) months, with 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of 91. 23%, 78.07% and 68.42% , respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that the baseline PSA level, PSA nadir, the time of PSA decreasing to nadir, PSA doubling time, and the extent of PSA declining were all predictive factors for the survival time of the PCa patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that PSA nadir, the time of PSA decreasing to nadir, and the extent of PSA declining were three independent prognostic factors, which prolonged the long-term survival of the patients by 1.7, 3.2 and 6.8 times, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For locally advanced PCa treated by MAB combined with brachytherapy, PSA nadir <1 micro g/L, the time to nadir <3 months, and the extent of PSA declining >96% are independent prognostic factors.</p>

Sorting and identification of cancer stem cells in human prostate cancer cell lines / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To sort and identify side population (SP) cancer stem cells (CSC) in human prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Stem-like cells were isolated from five PCa cell lines Du145, IA8, LNCaP, TSU-Pr and PC-3 using FACS based on CD133+ CD44+ immunophenotype and SP in Hoechst staining. The in vitro growth pattern and tumorigenicity of SP stem cells were verified by soft agar colony-formation trial. LNCaP/SP cells were selected for further identification of stem cell properties using immunostaining, proliferation and invasion assay. Eventually, tumorigenicity and metastasis ability of LNCaP/SP were confirmed by xenograft experiments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentages of CSCs of the CD133 CD44 + immunophenotype were extremely low in the five PCa cell lines. On the contrary, the percentages of the isolated SP cells were significantly higher in Du145 ([0.15 +/- 0.02]%), IA8 ([0.60 +/- 0.07 ]%), LNCaP ([0.8 +/- 0.1]%) and TSU-PrL ([2.0 +/- 0.4]%), but none was detected in PC-3. Besides, IA8/SP, LNCaP/SP and TSU-PrL/SP cells showed a significantly greater colony-forming efficiency than non-side population (NSP) cells (P < 0.05). Compared with LNCaP/NSP cells, LNCaP/SP cells exhibited high expressions of integrin alpha2, Nanog, CD44, OCT4 and ABCG2, remarkably enhanced invasive and proliferative potentials in vitro, and markedly increased tumorigenicity and metastasis (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SP sorting is more suitable than CD133+ CD44+ selection for enriching CSCs from PCa cell lines, and LNCaP/ SP represents a typical CSC population.</p>

Effects of prostate manipulation on serum total and free prostate specific antigen, and free-to-total prostate specific antigen ratio

To evaluate the effects of the different types of manipulation on prostate total specific antigen [tPSA], free prostate specific antigen [fPSA], and free-to-total prostate specific antigen [f/tPSA]. A total of 160 males were enrolled from January 2006 to December 2009 in the Urology Department, Beijing Anzhen Hospital affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Of these patients, 23 had digital rectal examination [DRE], 21 had urethral catheterization, 28 had rigid cystoscopy, 35 had prostate biopsy, 35 underwent transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP], and 18 underwent suprapubic prostatectomy. Blood samples were taken before, at 24 hours, and 4 weeks after the manipulation for PSA tests. The DRE had no significant effect on PSA. Catheterization and cystoscopy exerted significant increases in tPSA at 24 hours. However, these small increases may not be clinically significant. The fPSA and f/tPSA were not significantly changed. There was a marked increase in tPSA and fPSA, associated with a decrease in f/tPSA at 24 hours after biopsy. No significant alterations were found in tPSA, fPSA, and f/tPSA at 4 weeks after catheterization, cystoscopy, and biopsy. The TURP and prostatectomy caused significant increases in tPSA and fPSA at 24 hours, associated with decreases in f/tPSA. The tPSA and fPSA values were below the baseline levels at 4 weeks after TURP and prostatectomy, however, f/tPSA remained constant. The DRE, catheterization, and cystoscopy had no crucial effect on PSA. Prostatic biopsy, TURP and prostatectomy significantly affected the PSA levels, and their longitudinal courses should be considered while evaluating different forms of PSA levels

Finasteride: an effective therapeutic for benign prostatic hyperplasia related gross hematuria in patients receiving anticoagulant / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of finasteride on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) related gross hematuria in patients receiving anticoagulant.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 105 patients with BPH related gross hematuria were divided into an anticoagulant group (n = 81), treated with combined therapy of anticoagulants and finasteride, and a control group (n = 24), given finasteride only at 5 mg daily. The therapeutic effects were compared by a 6-month follow-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the anticoagulant group, gross hematuria was cured in 52 patients (64.2%), taking an average time of 3.9 weeks (1-6 weeks), and improved in 12 patients (14.8%), as compared with 16 patients cured (66.7%), 3.2 weeks taken (1-5 weeks), and 4 patients improved (16.7%) in the control group. The mean time taken to resolve hematuria was longer in the former (P < 0.05). But the cure rates had no significant differences either between the two groups or among the subgroups receiving different anticoagulants.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Finasteride is an effective therapeutic for BPH related hematuria in patients receiving different anticoagulants. It makes no significant differences in cure and effectiveness rates between patients treated with and without anticoagulant, but takes an average of longer time to resolve hematuria in patients receiving anticoagulant.</p>

Resveratrol reestablishes spermatogenesis after testicular injury in rats caused by 2, 5-hexanedione / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Environmental toxins can destroy the physiological process of spermatogenesis and even lead to male infertility. Resveratrol (RES) is a natural phytoalexin with a wide range of biological activities. Some recent researches have demonstrated that RES can increase sperm output and protect sperm from apoptosis caused by physical damage. However, there is no evidence indicating that it can also exhibit a similar activity in testis injury caused by environmental toxins. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of resveratrol on testis damaged by environmental toxins and to elucidate the possible mechanism of its protective effect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this study 2, 5-hexanedione (2, 5-HD) was used as the injury agent. Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. During the first 5 weeks, group A was raised normally, groups B, C, D and E were exposed to 1% 2, 5-HD; during the following 9 weeks, group C, D, E received intragastric administration of different concentrations of resveratrol (20 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), 40 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) and 80 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)), while groups A and B were treated by carboxymethylcellulose. Physical signs, body weight gain and testis weight were comparatively observed. Numbers and diameters of seminiferous tubules were analyzed following HE staining. In addition, expression of the c-kit protein and gene in spermatogenic cells in every group was detected with immunohistochemistry, Western blot or RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 2, 5-HD treatment resulted in physical signs that became worse and in emarciated testis. HE staining and immunohistochemistry showed that seminiferous tubules became emarcid, obsolete spermatogonia being stagnant and expression of c-kit protein being depressed. After oral administration of resveratrol, the 2, 5-HD-induced physical signs were improved and close to the normal rats. The gain of body weight increased (P < 0.01). The recovery of testis weight was significant (P < 0.01). At the histological level, the seminiferous epithelia began to differentiate (P < 0.01); and even the physiological process of spermatogenesis restarted. Moreover, expression of c-kit protein and gene function resumed, although its expression remained different from the normal group. The diameter of and number of seminiferous tubules and the expression level of c-kit protein and gene activity were much closer to the normal group with increased doses of the resveratrol through oral administration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Resveratrol could ameliorate markedly the dyszoospermia induced by 2, 5-HD and induce spermatogenesis. The expression of c-kit, which is a specific marker protein of spermatogenic cell membranes, could be regulated by resveratrol.</p>

Over-expression of HIF-1alpha induces EMT of human prostate cancer cells / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine whether human prostate cancer cell lines undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and become more invasive when induced by HIF-1alpha, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cell line LNCaP, appropriate for the HIF-1alpha induction test, was screened out from 4 different EMT-negative prostate cell lines through vimentin gene detection by RT-PCR. The recombinant plasmid pCDNA3. 1(-)/HIF-1alpha was constructed and transfected into LNCaP with the Lipofectamine 2000 system. The control plasmid pCDNA3.1 (-) was transfected by the same method. The positive clone cells were selected by G418 and confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Then a Transwell polycarbonate filter, coated with 100 micol Matrigel at 1:20 dilution in the serum-free medium, was used to analyze the invasive potency. The expression of E-cadherin and vimentin was detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 4 different EMT-negative cell lines, LNCaP was the only one that expressed the vimentin gene but not protein. The expression of HIF1alpha was obviously higher in LNCaP/HIF1alpha than in LNCaP/pCDNA3. 1 (- an LNCaP. The number of the LNCaP/HIF1alpha cells that penetrated through the Transwell polycarbonate filter was significantly larger than that of the LNCaP and LNCaP/pCDNA3. 1(-) cells. Compared with the LNCaP/pCDNA3.1(-) and LNCaP cells, the expression of vimentin was up-regulated, while that of E-cadherin down-regulated, in LNCaP/HIF1alpha.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The over-expression of HIF-1alpha could induce EMT in the human prostate carcinoma cell line LNCaP and enhance its invasiveness through E-cadherin and vimentin regulation.</p>

Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 10 is associated with bone metastasis of human prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the cytogenetic mechanism of bone metastasis of human prostate cancer (PCa).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We analyzed chromosome variation by comparative genomic hybridization in 18 patients with prostate cancer to determine the chromosome variants associated with bone metastasis, and focused on 7 microsatellite sites on chromosome 10 for the detection of the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) by PCR-based microsatellite polymorphism analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 11 samples with bone metastasis, the variation rate of chromosome 10 was 90.9% (10/11), significantly higher than that of the others (P < 0.01). A much higher LOH frequency was observed at the 7 microsatellite loci on chromosome 10 and the highest located in 10q24. 2-q25.3 (D10S1693-D10S587) in the PCa patients with bone metastasis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is a high-frequency LOH region in 10q24. 2-q25.3 (D10S1693-D10S587) on chromosome 10 in PCa patients with bone metastasis, which may be potentially involved in PCa progression and specific bone metastasis.</p>

Expression of coxsackie B virus-adenovirus receptor in prostate cancer Du145 and LNCaP cell lines and its significance / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the expression of Coxsackie B virus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) in two prostate cancer cell lines with different metastatic potentials.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expressions of CAR in two prostate cancer cell lines (Du145 and LNCaP) with different metastatic potentials were detected by Western blotting. The Transwell polycarbonate filter was used to analyze the invasive potency.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As one of the adhesion associated proteins, CAR highly expressed in the LNCaP cell line, which is well known with a low metastatic potential, and lowly expressed in Du145 with a high metastatic potential (P < 0.01). The invasive potency of Du145 was significantly higher than that of LNCaP (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There was a difference in the metastatic phenotypes of CAR among cell lines with different metastatic potentials. The expressions of CAR proteins may play an important role in repressing the metastasis of prostate cancer.</p>

Resveratrol helps restore spermatogenesis after testis injury induced by 2,5-hexanedione / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of resveratrol on spermatogenesis after 2,5-hexanedione(2,5-HD)-induced testicular injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group A were normally raised and Group B, C, D and E exposed to 1% 2,5-HD for 5 weeks, followed by administration of resveratrol of different concentrations (20, 40 and 80 mg/[ kg x d], respectively) to Group C, D and E for 9 weeks. Then the rats were killed, their physical signs, body weight gain and testis weight were assessed, and immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis used to investigate the numbers and diameters of seminiferous tubules and the expression of c-kit protein of spermatogenic cell membrane.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rats exposed to 2,5-HD showed weak body, lax skin, dim color pattern, tardy body weight gain, and emaciated testis. Immunohistochemistry revealed emaciated seminiferous tubules, stagnant obsolete spermatogonia and negative expression of c-kit protein. After resveratrol administration, the 2,5-HD-induced physical signs were improved and close to normal. Compared with those of the 2,5-HD injured group, the body weight and testis weight of the resveratrol treated group increased obviously (P < 0.01); and the aliquots of the seminiferous epithelia began to differentiate and the spermatogenesis and expression of c-kit protein partly resumed (P < 0.01). With increasing dose of resveratrol, the diameters and numbers of seminiferous tubules (P < 0.01) and the expression levels of c-kit protein (P < 0.01) were gradually and significantly restored almost to normal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Resveratrol could promote the recovery of spermatogenesis after 2,5-HD-induced testicular injury.</p>

Association of genetic polymorphism in the DNA repair gene XRCC1 with susceptibility to lung cancer in non-smoking women / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the relationship between the XRCC1 polymorphism and susceptibility to lung cancer in non-smoking female on the basis of a hospital-based case-control study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genotypes were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 50 patients with lung cancer and 50 controls. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression model to study the relationship between different genotypes and risk of lung cancer in non-smoking women. Furthermore, a multiplicative interaction between exposure to cooking oil smoke and the variant XRCC1 399Gln allele on risk of lung adenocarcinoma was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Individuals carrying Gln/Gln genotype were at an increased risk to suffer from lung adenocarcinoma as compared with those with the Arg/Arg genotype (OR: 14.12; 95% CI: 2.14 approximately 92.95, adjusted for age and cooking oil smoke). The OR of lung adenocarcinoma for the variant XRCC1 399Gln allele with exposure to cooking oil smoke was 6.29 (95% CI 1.99 approximately 19.85).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The above described findings indicate that Arg 399Gln polymorphism in the XRCC1 is associated with risk of lung adenocarcinoma but not with risk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung in non-smoking women.</p>

Effect of breathing pure oxygen on the development of atelectasis in healthy adults / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the development of absorption atelectasis in healthy adult volunteers breathing 100% oxygen.Methods Six healthy volunteers aged 31-36 yrs weighing 60-80 kg were recruited into this study.Chest computed tomograph(CT)of the layer of interventricular septum was performed at the end of normal expiration(FRC)at 6 time points:(1)the baseline(T_1);(2)after 5 min maximal expiration(close to residual volume)(T_2);(3)immediately after 10 maximal inspiration and expiration(T_3);(4)after breathing 100% O_2 through face mask at tidal volume for 30 min(T_4);(5)after breathing 100% O_2 at maximal expiration for 5 min(T_5)and(6)breathing room air deeply 10 times(T_6).The area of atelectasis and poorly ventilated lung were expressed as percentage of the total lungs.Results There was no atelectasis or poorly ventilated lung at T_1. At T_2 the poorly ventilated lung accounted for 22.9%?5.0%,but there was no atelectasis.There was no atelectasis and poorly ventilated lung at T_3 and T_4.At T_5 atelectasis accounted for 4.5%?1.1% which was reduced to 0.9%?0.4% at T_6.Conclusion Breathing 100% oxygen at reduced lung volume can result in atelectasis.