Protein carbonyl content: a novel biomarker for aging in HIV/AIDS patients

Abstract Background: The major complications of “treated” Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are cardiovascular disease, malignancy, renal disease, liver disease, bone disease, and perhaps neurological complications, which are phenomena of the normal aging process occurring at an earlier age in the HIV-infected population. The present study is aimed to explore protein carbonyl content as a biomarker for detecting oxidative DNA damage induced ART toxicity and/or accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS patients. Objective: To investigate the potential of carbonyl content as a biomarker for detecting oxidative Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage induced Antiretroviral Theraphy (ART) toxicity and/or accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: In this case–control study a total 600 subjects were included. All subjects were randomly selected and grouped as HIV-negative (control group) (n = 300), HIV-infected ART naive (n = 100), HIV-infected on first line ART (n = 100), and HIV-infected on second line ART (n = 100). Seronegative control subjects were age- and sex-matched with the ART naive patients and the two other groups. Carbonyl protein was determined by the method described in Levine et al. DNA damage marker 8-OH-dG was determined using 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy Guanosine StressXpress ELA Kit by StressMarq Biosciences. Results: Protein carbonyl content levels and oxidative DNA damage were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in HIV-infected patients on second line ART and HIV-infected patients on first line ART than ART naive patients and controls. In a linear regression analysis, increased protein carbonyl content was positively associated with increased DNA damage (OR: 0.356; 95% CI: 0.287–0.426) p < 0.05. Conclusions: Carbonyl content may has a role as a biomarker for detecting oxidative DNA damage induced ART toxicity and/or accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS patients. Larger studies are warranted to elucidate the role of carbonyl content as a biomarker for premature aging in HIV/AIDS patients.

Effect of surgical stress on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from healthy sections of colon and rectum of patients with colorectal cancer.

Surgical resection at any location in the body leads to stress response with cellular and subcellular change, leading to tissue damage. The intestine is extremely sensitive to surgical stress with consequent postoperative complications. It has been suggested that the increase of reactive oxygen species as subcellular changes plays an important role in this process. This article focuses on the effect of surgical stress on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from healthy sections of colon and rectum of patients with colorectal cancer. Mitochondrial DNA copy number, mitochondrial common deletion and nuclear and mitochondrial 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine content were measured. Both the colon and rectal tissue were significantly damaged either at the nuclear or mitochondrial level. In particular, mitochondrial DNA was more damaged in rectum than in colon. The present investigation found an association between surgical stress and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage, suggesting that surgery may generate an increase in free radicals, which trigger a cascade of molecular changes, including alterations in DNA.

Changes of Stress Markers by Footbath-Salivary IgA, urinary 8 (OH) dG and autonomic nervous balance- / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Footbath is a safe and easy thermal therapy, however, it may cause stress on our body depending on the temperature. Temperature dependent changes of stress biomarkers in the saliva or urine, and of R-R variability by footbath were studied, and mechanism of effects and side effects were discussed.<br>Subjects were 14 healthy adult females (32±6 yeas old). The experiments started after permission of the Ethical Committee of International Research Center for Traditional Medicine. They took footbath at 38, 40, 42°C and control study after providing informed consents. They took footbath after 10min rest in a sitting position. Each footbath was 30min long, followed by 10min rest. The same subject participated in the studies four times at the same time of day before lunch. These experiments were in a random order four days apart each other except menstruation periods. Their ECG R-R variability and their concentration of salivary IgA and urinary 8 (OH) dG/creatinin were measured before and after footbath. The autonomic nervous balance was estimated from FFT analysis of the R-R variability; LF (0.04-0.15Hz) and HF (0.15-0.40Hz).<br>The results indicated that at 40 and 42°C their autonomic nervous balance estimated from LF/HF or HF power changed to sympathetic predominance. At 38, 40 and 42°C, salivary IgA increased significantly, and at 40 and 42°C, urinary 8 (OH) dG/creatinin increased significantly, while no significant change occurred in the control study.<br>These results indicated footbath for 30min at 40 and 42°C induced sympathetic predominance and caused oxidative stress. It was reported that oxidative stress induced activation of platelet aggregation. The oxidative stress as well as sympathetic activation may be related with the causes of the accidents during hot bathing as well as with the effects of thermal therapy. Further investigations are worth being performed.