Always, better control-vital, essential and non-essential matrix analysis of pharmaceuticals inventory management at selected public health facilities of Jimma zone southwest Ethiopia: facility based cross sectional study design

Background:Always, better control(ABC)-vital, essential and non-essential (VEN) matrix analysis has a key role in assisting decisions making in medicine selection, purchasing and inventory management and hence help in reducing cost, identifying medicine use problems and improve efficiency in the pharmaceutical supply system. Studies on analysis of pharmaceuticals expenditures throughout the country were very limited, in Jimma zone no studies found yet. The objective of the study was, therefore, to analyze pharmaceuticals based on cost and criticality aspects and identify those which require stringent managerial control at selected public health facilities of Jimma zone Southwest Ethiopia. Methods:Health facility-based, cross-sectional, study design using a quantitative method in which ABC, VEN and ABC-VEN matrix analysis techniques were utilized to analyse pharmaceutical inventory management system at selected public health facilities of Jimma zone. Results:The ABC analysis shows that class A items accounted for 53(15.3%), whereas class B and C items accounted for 72(20.8%) and 221(63.8%) number of items at selected public health facilities of Jimma zone. VEN analysis showed that 132 items (59.7%) were categorized as vital and consumes 61.4% ($248,372) of the annual pharmaceuticals expenditures (APE). Whereas, 55 items (24.8%) and 34 items (15.3%) were categorized under essential and less/non-essential with a total APE of 31.1% ($126,020) and 7.4%($30,008)respectively. From ABC-VEN matrix analysis, the majority of items were category I pharmaceuticals.Conclusions:Majority of items at a selected public health facility were category I and most of the category I pharmaceuticals, in turn, were Class A and V items which require great attention for their control and availability

Analysis Of Applicability Of Tools Of Inventory Control And Knowledge Of Hospital Pharmacists On Methods Of Inventory In The Central Pharmacy Of A Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective: A study was conducted to analyse the applicability of the tools of inventory control of drugs, and the awareness of hospital pharmacists on the inventory tools in the central pharmacy of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Always Better Control (ABC) and High Moderate Low (HML) analysis were carried out for 4057 drugs purchased in the central pharmacy during the financial year of 2017-2018. The drugs were classified as A, B and C category based on their annual usage value and as Category High (H), Moderate (M) and low (L) drugs based on their unit price respectively. The knowledge of the 80 hospital pharmacists on the tools of inventory control was assessed using a structured questionnaire. Results: Based on ABC analysis, of 4057 drugs, 330 drugs were classified under “A” category accounting to 8.13% of the total number of drugs purchased which was 70.91 % of total annual consumption in money value. The category “B” consisted of 667 drugs accounting to 16.44% of the total number of drugs which was 20.01% of total annual money consumption. Category “C” had 3060 drugs which accounted to 75.42% of the total number of drugs purchased which reflected on 9.01% of annual money consumption. Based on HML analysis, 440 drugs (10%) had a unit price above Rs. 500 and were classified under ‘H’ category. The drugs with unit price between Rs.500 and Rs.100 were grouped as ‘M’ items. There were 695 drugs (17.13%) in ‘M’ category. The ‘L’ category consisted of 2922 drugs (72.02%) with their unit price below Rs.100. Of 80 pharmacists, 84 % had good overall knowledge on the inventory control tools and 59 participants were willing to acquire additional training on inventory control techniques. Conclusion: The study explained the need for the application of ABC and HML analysis, and the involvement of hospital pharmacists in the regular implementation of inventory analysis towards effective management of Pharmacy stores in a hospital setting.

Analysis of Monitoring Focus Drugs in an Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Based on ABC-VEN Matrix Analysis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To investigate drug use in an obstetrics and gynecology hospital and confirm the types of drugs that need to be monitored so as to provide reference for rational drug use in clinic. METHODS： Activity based classification （ABC） analysis， Vital-Essential-Nonessential Medicine （VEN） analysis and ABC-VEN matrix analysis were used to statistically analyze the types of drugs in the inpatients and outpatients of this hosptial during Jan. 2016-Dec. 2017， and consumption sum in the hospital so as to determine the types of monitoring focus drugs. RESULTS： The drugs were divided into class A， B， and C by using ABC analysis， and the constitute ratio of them were 6.08％， 7.71％ and 86.21％； the constitute ratio of consumption sum were 70.97％， 19.07％ and 9.96％， respectively. The drugs were divided into class V， E and N， and the constitute ratio of them were 36.51％， 43.61％ and 19.88％； constituent ratios of their consumption sum were 31.89％， 33.89％ and 34.22％， respectively. The drugs were divided into group Ⅰ （class AV， AE， AN， BV， CV）， group Ⅱ （class BE， CE， BN） and group Ⅲ （class CN） by using ABC-VEN matrix analysis； the constitute ratios of accumulative number of drug type were 40.56％， 44.43％ and 15.01％，while those of accumulative consumption sum were 77.29％， 20.52％ and 2.19％， respectively. Among class N， the constituent ratio of consumption sum of class AN as Chinese patent medicine， blood substitutes and perfusion solutions were higher， being 12.48％ and 7.92％； that of class BN as Chinese patent medicine was higher， being 3.21％； those of class CN as Chinese patent medicine， sex hormones and modulators of the genital system were higher， being 1.14％， 0.50％. CONCLUSIONS： In the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital， consumption sum of class A is the main part of the total consumption sum of drugs， and they should be seleted according to therapeutic efficacy. Active regulatory policies should be adopted for class V and E so that more drug types that possess cost- effectiveness advantages； for class N， management control and reasonable utilization should be monitored closely to reduce irrational drug use. Some Chinese patent medicines， blood substitutes and perfusion solutions among class AN should be monitored and controlled emphatically.

Pharmacoeconomic analysis of drug expenditure in government medical college and hospital, Vijayawada, India

Background: To conduct economic analysis in tertiary care hospital with a view to identify the categories of drugs needing stringent management control.Methods: The annual consumption and expenditure data is obtained from the drug store of government general hospital, Vijayawada, for the period of April 2015 to March 2016. ABC-VED analysis of the drugs are done based on cost and criticality criteria respectively. ABC-VED matrix analysis was done to classify drugs into category I, II, III.Results: The total annual drug expenditure incurred on 299 drug items for the year 2015-2016 was found to be Rs:4,47,04,446. On ABC analysis, 4%, 9.36%, 86.64% of drugs were found to be Always, Better, and Control category items respectively, amounting to 68.92%, 20.05%, 11.03% of annual drug expenditure. VED analysis showed that 32.10%, 45.5%, 22.4% of drug items were Vital, Essential, and Desirable category items respectively, amounting to 35.3%, 37.1%, 27.6% of annual drug expenditure respectively. By ABC-VED matrix analysis, 34.11%, 46.49%, 19.4% of drug items were found to be category I (high stringent), II (medium stringent), III (low stringent) respectively, amounting to 80.76%, 17.46%, 1.77% of annual drug expenditure respectively.Conclusions: The study identified 34.11% of drug items belonging to category I which require high priority monitoring. Inventory management tools must be routinely used for the better control and judicious use of the resources.

Function Improvement of Drug Purchase Module and Quasi Establishment of One-key-getting Purchase Mode Based on HIS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To improve the rational and scientific drug purchase quantity planned by hospital pharmacy. METH-ODS:The deficiency in present drug purchase module of hospital information system(HIS)was analyzed;the formula of planned purchase quantity was improved by incremental coefficient method,ABC analysis method and VEN analysis method. The high and low stored values and packaging volume were set to adjust planned drug purchase quantity. Based on the computer program,a one-key-getting procedure was quasi established,and five typical drugs were selected for simulation. RESULTS:Based on previous formula,the parameters representing change trend,incremental coefficient k1 and inventory coefficient k2 were added in new formu-la. The one-key-getting procedure could calculate the quantity of all drugs by simply entering the planning cycle N1 and the safe peri-od N2 of the some category drugs into the system. After simulated operation practice,compared with pre-improvement,the occupa-tion of funds was significantly decreased and the quantity of drug was rounded off according to package in post-improvement. CON-CLUSIONS:Through function improvement of drug purchase module in HIS and the quasi establishment of one-key-getting pur-chase mode,planned drug purchase quantity is more reasonable,scientific and accurate. It ensures the clinical drug supply in time without causing a backlog,and effectively reduces the cost of manpower,material and capital.

Analysis of the Utilization of Opioid Analgesic Drugs in 29 Hospitals of Qingdao District / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the dosage and consumption sum of opioid analgesic drug in Qingdao district. METH-ODS:The consumption data of drugs in 29 public hospitals at secondary or above level in Qingdao district were analyzed statistical-ly by ABC analytic methods and defined daily dose methods. RESULTS:In ABC analysis,5 kinds of class A drugs accounted for 20% of the total number of species,and the percentage of consumption sum was 77.38%;4 kinds of class B drugs accounted for 16.00% of all species numbers,and the percentage of consumption sum was 11.98%;other 16 kinds of drugs accounted for 64.00% of the total number of species,and the percentage of consumption sum was 10.64%. Oxycodone sustained-release tablets and Morphine sustained-release tablets with the highest DDDs consumed more health care costs,serial number ratio was 1.00,syn-chronization was good and conform to the actual needs of clinical work. CONCLUSIONS:The composition ratio of opioid analge-sic drug costs is consistent with the theoretical value,significant discrepancy between cost and DDDs does not appear.

ABC Analysis of Non-antimicrobial Temporary Purchased Drugs in a Hospital in 2014 / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for scientific and standardized management of temporary purchased drugs. METHODS:By using ABC analysis method,the data of non-antimicrobial temporary purchased drugs in a hospital in 2014 were analyzed statistically with ABC analysis in terms of quantity,the number of types and departments. Class A drugs were analyzed es-pecially. RESULTS:A total of 152 kinds of drugs were purchased temporarily,including 20 464 boxes,20 kinds of class A drugs, which accounted for 70.56%. Main types were antitumor drugs and nutraceuticals by pharmacology;26 departments temporarily purchased drug,mainly in tumor department and hematology department. CONCLUSIONS:The types of temporary purchased drugs meet the clinical demand in the hospital basically. The necessary type A drugs used frequently can be used as reference of tem-porary drug purchase;the temporary purchased drugs can be managed scientifically and normatively based on ABC analysis.

АРХИНД ДОНТОХ ЭМГЭГ ОНОШТОЙ ХЭВТЭН ЭМЧЛҮҮЛЭГЧДИЙН ЭМИЙН ЭМЧИЛГЭЭНИЙ АВС/VEN ДҮН ШИНЖИЛГЭЭ / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Introduction: As of the beginning of 1990, Mongolia changed to a free market economy and dramaticsocio-economic change. As the result of this, impacts of alcohol usage on the health and social life of thepeople is the most critical issue for Mongolia.Around 51.2% of the total number of adults use alcohol and 8% of them are mothers and women. Thisestimation tends to increase unless any measures are taken involving a wide range of society in future. Inregards to the rapid change in alcohol usage, the economic solutions should be considered for the medicaltherapies for serious alcoholism. Our budget on the health is limited and the financing is poor. Therefore; inorder to accomplish an appropriate budget, using medical ABC/VEN economic software can be effective. Itis important to make economically appropriate choices on the medicine to save on expenditure.Objectives: The objective of this work is to research and identify the appropriateness of the expenditurestructure and usage of the medicine for inpatients with alcoholism by АВС/VEN hierarchical methods.Results:1. The names of the medicine that must be stored regularly in the Narcological Hospital are detected. Theseinclude:AV groups – Natrium chloride 0,9% (500ml), Vitamin В1 (50)mg/mlAE groups – Ceftriaxone 1g, Kalium chloride 0.7% (250ml), Phezam (425mg), Disulfiram (500mg), Hypo B-B complex, Riboxinum 0,2g, Activated carbon (500mg)BV groups - Natrium chloride 0.9% (100ml), Diazepam 5mg, Diazepam 5mg/ml BE groups – Nicotinic acid 1% (1ml), Thizertsin (2.5mg), Glucose 10% (500ml), Piracetam 20% (5ml) and Vitamin B6 50mg/mlConclusion:1. The budget spending structure on medicine for inpatient with alcoholism was evaluated by the ABC analysisand MNT 1 295,856 in total from budget were spent from 33 types of medicine in 17 pharmacology classby the identification process. According to the budget spending, 23.4% of A group was spent for contaminationremoving liquid, which was relatively high whereas relatively low amount as 5.83% of Disulfiram foraddiction-reducing medicine.2. The VEN analysis was conducted for medicine usage of inpatients with alcoholism and identified types of medicine in classifications of essential (АV, ВV) and compulsory (AE, BE) medicines as of primary sup- ply and the appropriate proportion of budget spending. These include: V class 23.14% of A group, E class 46.57% of A group, V class 6,54% of B group and E class 8,64% of Bclass.3. The names and types of inessential medicine (N) for inpatients with alcoholism which can save the budgetwere identified. The spending medicine for inessential class (N) Actovegin 5ml and Ascorbic acid instead of8.47% for A group spending of the main budget was identified.Keywords: ABC analysis, VEN analysis, AV group, AE group, BV group, BE group, AN group

Incorporação e gasto com medicamentos de relevância financeira em hospital universitário de alta complexidade. / Incorporation and usage of financially relevant medicines in a highly complex federal university hospital.

O presente estudo analisou a incorporação e o gasto com medicamentos de relevância financeira, entre outubro de 2008 e setembro de 2009, em um hospital universitário federal de grande porte e alta complexidade situado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram consultadas fontes de consumo e custo da unidade para determinação dos gastos no período. Os medicamentos foram classificados pelo método ABC e, para aqueles de maior relevância financeira, buscaram-se informações sobre o processo de seleção, por meio dos documentos da Comissão de Farmácia e Terapêutica (CFT), para entendimento da dinâmica da incorporação. Foram gastos cerca de sete milhões de reais na aquisição de medicamentos, excetuando-se soluções parenterais de grande volume. O mesilato de imatinibe foi o medicamento de maior despesa anual, representando 23% do total gasto no período para tratamento de menos de 30 pacientes. Outros 56 itens de alto valor financeiro, somados ao imatinibe, representaram 15% do total de medicamentos e 85% do gasto anual, destacando-se os antineoplásicos e imunomoduladores. Foi observada grande escassez de dados sobre os critérios de seleção e monitoramento do uso de medicamentos de maior relevância nos gastos, apesar da instituição da CFT no hospital há mais de dez anos.

The present study analyzed incorporation and usage of financially relevant medicines in a large and highly complex university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between October 2008 and September 2009. All available sources of consumption and cost of the hospital were consulted in order to determine the expenses in this period. An ABC analysis was carried out to classify the medicines and the selection process of those with financial relevance was examined through Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee (PTC) documents, to better understand the dynamics of incorporation of medicines. Approximately seven million reais were spent on medicines during the period, with the exception of large volume parenteral solutions. Imatinib mesylate accounted for the greatest annual expense, being responsible for 23% of usage in the period, used for chronic treatment of less than 30 patients. Added to imatinibe, the other 56 financially relevant items accounted for 15% of medicines and 85% of annual usage, with highlight to antineoplastics and immunomodulators. There was a notable lack of data regarding selection criteria and monitoring of use of financially relevant medicines, despite the presence of PTC in the hospital for more than a decade.

ABC Analysis of the Drug Utilization in Our Hospital in the Second Half Year of 2007 / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the drug utilization data in the second half year of 2007 in our hospital.METHODS:By using ABC analytic method,the consumption amount,consumption sum and the varieties of drugs used in the second half year of 2007 in our hospital were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Type A,B and C drugs accounted for 16.34%,18.76% and 65.03%,respectively,in terms of the consumption amount.CONCLUSION:The drug utilization structure in our hospital is rational on the whole,but the use of antibiotics is somewhat irrational and thus need to be standardized further.

Practice and Experience of Drug Stock Management in Special Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for drug stock management in special hospital.METHODS:On the basis of the ABC analysis,the drugs underwent systematic analysis after being classified into special disease medication and non-special disease medication and then subclassified into common and non-common drugs.Then a periodic and quantitative purchasing schedule was made.RESULTS:Drug procurement based on the purchase schedule contributed to the reduction of both capital occupation and the frequency of procurement under the premise of guaranteeing drug supply,and it helped improve the economic returns as well as the work efficiency.CONCLUSION:The method is simple and feasible and suitable for drug stock management in special hospital.

Quantitative Management of Drug Stock In Hospitsl Pharmacy / 中国药房

This article describes the application of ABC analysis Procedure and the corresponding card in quantitatively managing drug stock in hospital pharmacy. It will play an improtant role in improving rational drug stock,planned purchase, ensuring the quality of drugs, and raising the economic benefit.