Anti-inflammatory effect of impressic acid from Acanthopanax gracilistylus based on NF-κB signaling pathway / 中草药

Objective: To explore the anti-inflammatory effect of impressic acid (IA) from Acanthopanax gracilistylus on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Methods: RAW264.7 cells were stimulated by LPS to establish an inflammatory model. The cytotoxicity of IA on RAW 264.7 cells was detected by EZ4U cell proliferation and cytotoxicity analysis kit. The level of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by Griess. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined by ELISA. The expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. The expression of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) was detected by western blotting. The levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in cytoplasm and nucleus were measured by ELISA. Results: IA significantly suppressed the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, the expression of HMGB1 protein, and the translocation of NF-κB from cytoplasm to nucleus in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (P < 0.05, 0.01). Conclusion IA from A. gracilistylus has an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.

Extraction, isolation, and purification of polysaccharides from leaves of Acanthopanax gracilistylus and property of their moisture retention / 中草药

Objective: Polysaccharides from the leaves of Acanthopanax gracilistylus (AGSL) were extracted with smashing tissue extraction (STE), isolated and purified, and the properties of their moisture retention and moisture absorption were studied. Methods: Extraction process for AGSL polysaccharides (AGSL-P) was optimized by using the spherical symmetrical design test, and then isolated and purified through alcohol precipitation, Sevage method, bleaching, dialysis, DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column, and Sephadex G-75 column, and the structure was identified by chemical experiment, IR, and NMR. The properties of the moisture retention and moisture absorption of AGSL-P, AGSL-P-1, and AGSL-P-2 were studied and compared with common humectants (polyethylene glycol 400 etc.) in relative humidity 43% and 75%. Results: The optimal STE conditions for AGSL-P were as follows: material-liquid ratio was 1:14.5, the extraction temperature was 71℃, and the extraction time was 257 s. With the best extraction conditions, the yield of AGSL-P was 1.62%. AGSL-P-1-1 was homogeneous polysaccharide with α-configuration, and it may contain glucose, rhamnose, and galactose. The results showed the absorbent capacity of AGSL-P-1 and AGSL-P-2 was superior to the common humectants, polyethylene glycol 400, and moisturizing ability of AGSL-P-2 was amount to polyethylene glycol 400. Conclusion: A steady and convenient extraction technology for AGSL-P has been established using STE method, AGSL-P-1-1 homogeneous polysaccharide is isolated from the leaves of AGSL has been established using STE method, AGSL-P-1-1 is isolated from the leaves of AGSL for the first time, and AGSL-P-2 is an excellent moisturizer.

Anti-inflammatory Activities of Lupane-triterpenoids In Vitro and Their Phytochemical Fingerprinting from Leaves of Acanthopanax gracilistylus

The activities on the inhibition of NO on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages were investigated in this work. A simple and sensitive method has been developed and validated for fingerprinting analysis of leaves of Acanthopanax gracilistylus W.W. Smith (AGS). The cytotoxicity and inhibition of NO on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells of the extract and triterpenoids were determined. Optimal conditions of HPLC analysis were established as follows. The separation was performed with an ODS-C18 column at 30 degrees C, the detected wavelength was 210 nm, the flow rate was 1 mL/min, and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (0.05% phosphoric acid) -0.05% phosphoric acid solution with gradient elution. Our results showed that impressic acid and acankoreaogenin was more effective on the inhibition of NO than the methanol extract and other compounds. There were seventeen peaks coexisted with similarities above 0.95 and nine lupane-triterpenoids including acankoreaogenin and impressic acid detected and identified. The result of anti-inflammatory activities provides a potential explanation for the use of AGS leaves as a herbal medicine in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Our results also show that acankoreanogenin and impressic acid may be potentially useful in developing new anti-inflammatory agents. In addition, the fingerprint chromatography clearly illustrated and confirmed the material basis for the anti-inflammatory activities of this plant.

Smashing tissue extraction technology optimization for polysaccharides from stems of Acanthopanax gracilistylus and their in vitro immunological activities / 中草药

Objective: To optimize the extraction process for polysaccharides from the stems of Acanthopanax gracilistylus by smashing tissue extraction (STE) and to further investigate their cytotoxicity and immunological activities. Methods: Extraction process for the polysaccharides from the stems of A. gracilistylus was optimized by using the spherical symmetrical design test, and three factors were considered (material-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time). The test compared STE with two traditional extraction methods, reflux extraction and ultrasonic extraction. The bioassay tests of cytotoxicity and immunological activities on polysaccharides extracted were studied in vitro. Results: The optimal extraction conditions for polysaccharides from the stems of A. gracilistylus were as follows: material-liquid ratio was 1:13.2, the extraction temperature was 80°C, and the extraction time was 420 s. With the best extraction conditions, the yield of polysaccharides from the stems of A. gracilistylus was 0.78%. The yield by STE was higher than those by reflux extraction and ultrasonic extraction in this research. In addition, the bioassay results showed the polysaccharides had no significant toxicity on RAW 264.7 cells at the dose of 10-20 μg/mL and facilitated the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) in the cells supernatant at the dose of 10-40 μg/mL in vitro. Conclusion: These results establish a steady and convenient extraction technology for polysaccharides from the stems of A. gracilistylus using STE method, indicating the polysaccharides have immunological activity to some extent, which provides a theoretical basis for the reasonable development of A. gracilistylus resources.

One new ent-kaurane glycoside from stems of Acanthopanax gracilistylus / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the stems of Acanthopanax gracilistylus. Methods: The chemical constituents of the plant were isolated and purified by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data. Results: A new ent-kaurane glycoside, named kaurane acid glycoside A (16α, 17-dihydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic 19-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D- glucopyranosyl] ester) (1), was isolated from the n-butanol part. Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new one.

Study on the anatomical and morphological features of Acanthopanax gracilistylus W.W. Smith and A.trifoliatus (L.) Merr. collected in Sa Pa district, Lao Cai province and Pho Bang district, Ha Giang province

Study on the anatomical and morphological features of Acanthopanax gracilistylus W.W. Smith and A.trifoliatus (L.) Merr. collected in Sa Pa district, Lao Cai province and Pho Bang district, Ha Giang province. Results: scientific name of 2 collected samples had been identified as Acanthopanax gracilistylus W.W. Smith and Acanthopanax trifoliatus var. setosus Li. The anatomical features of these 2 species were detailed described. The morphological features of leaf, stem and root of A.trifoliatus (L.) Merr. collected in Sa Pa and Pho Bang was detailed described firstly. The morphological characteristics of 2 species were similar

Chemical constituents in leaves of Acanthopanax gracilistylus / 中草药

Objective To study chemical constituents in the leaves of Acanthopanax gracilistylus.Methods The chemical components were isolated and purified by silica gel,ODS C-18,and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatogram.The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.Results Seventeen compounds were isolated and identified as(-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid(Ⅰ),quercetin(Ⅱ),kaempferol(Ⅲ),protocatechuic acid(Ⅳ),acankoreoside A(Ⅴ),acantrifoside A(Ⅵ),3?,11?-dihydroxy-20(29)-lupene-23,28-dioic acid(Ⅶ),?-sitosterol(Ⅷ),daucosterol(Ⅸ),palmitic acid(Ⅹ),rutin(Ⅺ),stigmast-5,22-dien-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(ⅩⅡ),acankoreagenin(ⅩⅢ),3,11-dihydroxy-23-oxo-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid(ⅩⅣ),3-hydroxy-23-oxo-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid(ⅩⅤ),myristin(ⅩⅥ),and acanthopanaxgric acid(ⅩⅦ).Conclusion Compounds Ⅱ-Ⅳ,Ⅶ,Ⅺ,ⅩⅡ,ⅩⅣ,and ⅩⅤ are obtained from the leaves of the plant for the first time and compounds ⅩⅦ is a new proved compound named acanthopanaxgric acid.