Effects of systemic ozone administration on the fresh extraction sockets healing: a histomorphometric and immunohistochemical study in rats

Abstract Studies have highlighted numerous benefits of ozone therapy in the field of medicine and dentistry, including its antimicrobial efficacy against various pathogenic microorganisms, its ability to modulate the immune system effectively, reduce inflammation, prevent hypoxia, and support tissue regeneration. However, its effects on dental extraction healing remain to be elucidated. Objective Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of systemically administered ozone (O3) at different doses in the healing of dental extraction sockets in rats. Methodology To this end, 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups after extraction of the right upper central incisor: Group C - control, no systemic treatment; Group OZ0.3 - animals received a single dose of 0.3 mg/kg O3; Group OZ0.7 - a single dose of 0.7 mg/kg O3; and Group OZ1.0 - a single dose of 1.0 mg/kg O3, intraperitoneally. In total, six animals from each group were euthanized at 7, 14, and 21 days after the commencement of treatment. Bone samples were harvested and further analyzed by descriptive histology, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry for osteocalcin (OCN) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) protein expression. Results All applied doses of O3 were shown to increase the percentage of bone tissue (PBT) after 21 days compared to group C. After 14 days, the OZ0.7 and OZ1.0 groups showed significantly higher PBT when compared to group C. The OZ1.0 group presented the most beneficial results regarding PBT among groups, which denotes a dose-dependent response. OCN immunostaining was higher in all groups at 21 days. However, after seven and 14 days, the OZ1.0 group showed a significant increase in OCN immunostaining compared to C group. No differences in TRAP+ osteoclasts were found between groups and time points. Conclusion Therefore, O3 therapy at higher doses might be beneficial for bone repair of the alveolar socket following tooth extraction.

How the loss in academics and research occurs by stopping animal experimentation in medical curriculum

Use of animals in experimentation and research has always been a topic of great debate. Some express their strong support while others are against animal research practices and want their complete abolition.1 At present, there is a pill for every ill. Rapid advancement in the field of science and technology contributed in discovering cure and medications even for the rarest of the rare diseases. Most of the present day discoveries in medical science lay their foundation on animal experimentation. The use of drugs in clinical practice have been possible only after going through successful animal studies for safety, efficacy and toxicity.

Animal Research in Medical Devices/Medical Materials / 中国医疗器械杂志

Animal research of medical devices/medical materials is an essential part of preclinical safety and efficacy evaluation. Many questions should be taken in considerations when it comes to design and conduction animal research of medical devices/medical materials because of its uniqueness. This kind of research has widespread studying objects while has no universal standard method, and should be designed case-by-case. This article is aimed at serving as a reference for sponsors and researchers when performing preclinical safety and efficacy evaluation of medical devices/medical materials.

A portable high-intensity focused ultrasound system for the pancreas with 3D electronic steering: a preclinical study in a swine model

PURPOSE: The aim of this animal study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a portable, ultrasonography-guided, high-intensity focused ultrasound (USg-HIFU) system to treat the pancreas. METHODS: Eight swine were included. Using a portable HIFU device (ALPIUS 900, Alpinion Medical Systems), ablations were performed on the pancreas in vivo. Different acoustic intensities were applied (1.7 kW/cm2 or 1.5 kW/cm2, n=2 [group A for a pilot study]; 1.5 kW/ cm2, n=3 [group B]; and 1.2 kW/cm2, n=3 [group C]). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed immediately (group A) or 7 days (groups B and C) after HIFU treatment. In groups B and C, serum amylase and lipase levels were measured on days 0 and 7, and performance status was observed every day. Necropsy was performed on days 0 (group A) or 7 (groups B and C) to assess the presence of unintended injuries and to obtain pancreatic and peripancreatic tissue for histological analysis. RESULTS: Ablation was noted in the pancreas in all swine on MRI, and all pathologic specimens showed coagulation necrosis in the treated area. The mean ablation areas on MRI were 85.3±38.1 mm2, 90.7±21.2 mm2, and 54.4±30.6 mm2 in groups A, B, and C, respectively (P>0.05). No animals showed evidence of complications, except for one case of a pseudocyst in group B. CONCLUSION: This study showed that pancreas ablation using a portable USg-HIFU system may be safe and feasible, and that coagulation necrosis of the pancreas was successfully achieved with a range of acoustic intensities.

Sample Size Calculation in Animal Studies Using Resource Equation Approach

Animal research plays an important role in the pre-clinical phase of clinical trials. In animal studies, the power analysis approach to sample size calculation is recommended. Whenever it is not possible to assume the standard deviation and the effect size, an alternative to the power analysis approach is the ‘resource equation’ approach, which sets the acceptable range of the error degrees of freedom (DF) in an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The aim of this article is to guide researchers in calculating the minimum and maximum numbers of animals required in animal research by reformulating the error DF formulas.

Pautas de chequeo, parte III: STROBE y ARRIVE / Cheklists, part III: STROBE and ARRIVE

Los ensayos clínicos controlados son el diseño por excelencia de la medicina basada en la evidencia. Sin embargo, son el final de un largo camino que comienza con interrogantes o hipótesis que se desprenden de otros tipos de diseños. Algunos de los diseños que se encuentran en este camino son los estudios observacionales analíticos y los estudios de experimentacion en animales. Para que la información entregada por estos tipos de diseños sea de buena calidad, requieren cumplir con estándares mínimos en su reporte, y para esto es que se han diseñado las pautas STROBE y ARRIVE, respectivamente. La iniciativa STROBE fue formada el 2004 tomando como base la experiencia CONSORT, con el objetivo de facilitar la comunicación de estudios observacionales; incluye 22 ítems agrupados en 6 dominios (título/resumen, introducción, método, resultados, discusión y otra información). La pauta ARRIVE comenzó su elaboración durante el 2009, para ser finalmente publicada durante el 2010; incluye 20 ítems, los cuales se agrupan en 5 dominios (título/resumen, introducción, método, resultados y discusión). El uso de estas pautas ha llevado a una mejora en la calidad del reporte de estos tipos de diseños. Sin embargo, la calidad metodológica de muchos estudios continúa siendo subóptima, por lo que se requiere además de otras estrategias para la mejora global de este constructo. Este tercer artículo de la serie describe ambas pautas de chequeo para su uso por parte de los autores de la REVISTA CHILENA DE CIRUGÍA, con el fin de lograr una mejora de sus artículos de una forma simple y eficiente.

Controlled clinical trials are the ultimate design of evidence-based medicine. However, they are the end of a long journey that begins with questions or hypotheses that arise from other types of designs. Some of the designs found in this way are analytical observational studies and experimental studies in animals. To reach a good quality standard by these types of designs, they are required to comply with minimum standards in his report, for this is that they have designed the STROBE and ARRIVE checklists respectively. The STROBE checklist was developed in 2004 based on the CONSORT experience, in order to facilitate the reporting of observational studies, includes 22 items grouped into 6 domains (title / abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion and other information). The ARRIVE checklist began developing in 2009, to be finally published in 2010, includes 20 items, which are grouped as 5 domain (title / abstract, introduction, methods, results and discussion). Using these checklists has led to improved quality report these types of designs. However the methodological quality of many studies remains suboptimal, so it also requires other strategies for overall improvement of this construct. This third article in the series describes both checklists for use by the authors of the REVISTA CHILENA DE CIRUGÍA, in order to achieve an improvement of its items in a simple and efficient way.

Percepção de equipes laboratoriais quanto a questões de bem-estar animal / Perception of laboratory staff regarding animal welfare issues

As equipes laboratoriais controlam diversas características do ambiente dos animais utilizados em pesquisas. Portanto, suas atitudes têm grande influência no bem-estar animal (BEA) e nos resultados obtidos. Buscou-se verificar o conhecimento e a percepção dessas equipes em relação a questões de BEA. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário online composto por 22 questões abertas e 23 fechadas. As respostas são referentes a 62 participantes de diversas instituições de pesquisa brasileiras. Dezesseis (25,8%) não receberam treinamento para exercer suas funções, e 11 (18,0%) realizavam ou coordenavam procedimentos com potencial para causar dor ou morte. O principal fator limitante relatado para o uso de animais em pesquisas foi referente a questões éticas (38; 63,3%). Todos declararam conhecer o significado do termo BEA; porém, a maioria dos conceitos expressos foi de forma parcial (32; 64,0%). Tais resultados podem estar relacionados ao caráter optativo ou à indisponibilidade do ensino de BEA na maioria dos cursos de graduação no Brasil. Os animais vertebrados foram percebidos pelos respondentes como portadores de alto grau de senciência. Espécies em contato social e afetivo com os seres humanos foram vistas como mais sencientes que outros grupos. O número de respondentes interessados em um projeto de enriquecimento ambiental (34; 69,4%) sugere preocupação com o BEA. Os resultados apresentados podem subsidiar a localização de pontos críticos de BEA em laboratórios brasileiros e indicam possibilidades para melhoria no conhecimento científico de questões centrais relativas ao BEA.

Laboratory staff controls a series of environmental parameters affecting animals used in research. Therefore, staff attitudes influence both animal welfare (AW) and research results. This study aimed to verify the knowledge and perception of staff members on AW. Data were collected through a 22 open-question and 23 multiple-choice question online survey. 62 respondents from Brazilian institutions answered the survey. Sixteen (25.8%) participants did not receive training for their functions, from which 11 (18.0%) performed or coordinated procedures that may induce pain or death. The main limiting factor for the use of animals in research was ethical issues (38, 63.3%). All participants reported to know the meaning of AW, but most of the concepts given were partial (32, 64.0%). These results may be related to the unavailable or optional teaching of AW in most undergraduate courses in Brazil. Vertebrates were perceived by respondents as highly sentient. Species with a social and affective bond with human beings were seen as more sentient than other groups. There was interest in an environmental enrichment project (34, 69.4%) suggesting concern with AW. These results can collaborate in the identification of critical issues in AW in Brazilian laboratories and indicate opportunities to improve scientific knowledge of key issues related to AW.

Non-clinical studies required for new drug development - Part I: early in silico and in vitro studies, new target discovery and validation, proof of principles and robustness of animal studies

This review presents a historical overview of drug discovery and the non-clinical stages of the drug development process, from initial target identification and validation, through in silico assays and high throughput screening (HTS), identification of leader molecules and their optimization, the selection of a candidate substance for clinical development, and the use of animal models during the early studies of proof-of-concept (or principle). This report also discusses the relevance of validated and predictive animal models selection, as well as the correct use of animal tests concerning the experimental design, execution and interpretation, which affect the reproducibility, quality and reliability of non-clinical studies necessary to translate to and support clinical studies. Collectively, improving these aspects will certainly contribute to the robustness of both scientific publications and the translation of new substances to clinical development.

Study on the Current Status of Medical Alternative Animal Researches / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To investigate the current status of alternative animal researches in China and thus find the problems and put forward countermeasures. Method: This study was carried out by the methods of literature search and qualitative description. The authors precisely searched the medicine databases commonly used in China ( CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Data) using the MeSH word, title, or keyword namelyanimal alternative,animal decrease oranimal optimization, and added to find the related researches′references. Then the author included the literature regarding to the organization construction, legislation, medical education, and alternative research methods, and conducted a qualitative description. The deadline was July 20, 2015. Results:There were 219 ini-tial quotations published from 1999 to 2014, and mainly were descriptive researches. The fields of alternative ani-mal researches included skin and eye stimulating toxicology test, thermal hyperalgesia and animal model replace-ment, and etc. The information communication platform of replacement researches had established, part of teachers were in practice using the substitution principle, the related monographs had been published, but the law and regu-lation construction and validation system were lag, the cognitive of replacement researches was not optimistic, and the validation method researches were insufficient. Conclusion: The domestic alternative animal researches were insufficient and lacking of systematic construction. It should strengthen the study on alternative animal research sys-tem, focused on legislation, policy leading, medical education, talent cultivation, and research methods.

Bioética de la investigación preclínica en las ciencias biomédicas / Bioethics of preclinical research in biomedical sciences

Introducción: la oposición a la utilización de animales en la investigación biomédica se apoya en diversos argumentos científicos y éticos. Objetivo: realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la bioética de la investigación preclínica en las ciencias biomédicas. Procedimientos empleados en la recogida de la información: la búsqueda en Internet abarcó artículos publicados fundamentalmente en los últimos 5 años. Se evaluaron revistas internacionales de impacto de la Web of Sciencies relacionadas con el tema (38 revistas). Se consultaron las bases de datos de sistemas referativos, como MEDLINE, PubMed y SciELO con la utilización de descriptores como animal research ethical, animal welfare, animal ethics committee, animal pain, alternatives to laboratory animals y sus y sus equivalentes en español. Se incluyeron artículos en idioma inglés, portugués y español. Se obtuvio 141 artículos, pero el estudio limitó solo a 53, porque enfocaban esta temática de manera más integral. Análisis e integración de la información: al analizar el comportamiento de los artículos respecto a su representatividad en las diferentes revistas científicas donde fueron publicados, 5,9 por ciento de ellos correspondieron a la revista Alternatives to laboratory animals: ATLA e igual porcentaje a la Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics. Los restantes artículos estuvieron distribuidos de manera uniforme entre las otras revistas. Conclusiones: el conocimiento y cumplimiento de los principios bioéticos que rigen la conducta de los seres humanos, su relación con el medio ambiente y las ramas del conocimiento, permite brindar un abordaje generalizador y un enfrentamiento abarcador a aspectos significativos de la investigación con animales(AU)

Introduction: opposition to the use of animals in biomedical research is based on a variety of scientific and ethical arguments. Objective: carry out a bibliographic review about the bioethics of preclinical research in biomedical sciences. Data collection procedures: an online search was conducted for papers preferably published in the last five years. An evaluation was performed of international high impact journals from the Web of Sciences which dealt with the subject (38 journals). Databases from reference systems such as MEDLINE, PubMed and SciELO were consulted with the aid of search terms like animal research ethical, animal welfare, animal ethics committee, animal pain, alternatives to laboratory animals and their Spanish counterparts. The papers included were in English, Portuguese or Spanish. Of the 141 papers obtained, the reviewers selected the 53 which approached the study topic in a more comprehensive manner. Analysis and integration of information: an analysis of the representativeness of papers in the scientific journals where they were published showed that 5.9 percent corresponded to the journal Alternatives to Laboratory Animals: ATLA, and an equal percentage to the journal Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics. The remaining papers were evenly distributed among the other journals. Conclusions: awareness of and compliance with the bioethical principles governing the behavior of human beings and their relationship to the environment and fields of knowledge, enable a generalizing approach to and comprehensive management of significant aspects of animal research(AU)

Animal Models for Tendon and Ligament / 대한정형외과연구학회지

Tendon and ligament disorders are common and lead to significant disability, pain, healthcare cost, and lost productivity. To study the pathogenesis and management strategies of tendon and ligament injury, appropriate choice and analysis of research models is essential. A number of animal models for tendon and ligament injuries are designed to mimic distinct clinical diseases to better evaluate underlying mechanisms and potential treatments. In this review, we discuss the common methods used for inducing animal models related to tendon and ligament injury as well as the variables for assessing outcome that may be used in animal researchs.

Portable high-intensity focused ultrasound system with 3D electronic steering, real-time cavitation monitoring, and 3D image reconstruction algorithms: a preclinical study in pigs

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and accuracy of a new portable ultrasonography-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (USg-HIFU) system with a 3-dimensional (3D) electronic steering transducer, a simultaneous ablation and imaging module, real-time cavitation monitoring, and 3D image reconstruction algorithms. METHODS: To address the accuracy of the transducer, hydrophones in a water chamber were used to assess the generation of sonic fields. An animal study was also performed in five pigs by ablating in vivo thighs by single-point sonication (n=10) or volume sonication (n=10) and ex vivo kidneys by single-point sonication (n=10). Histological and statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: In the hydrophone study, peak voltages were detected within 1.0 mm from the targets on the y- and z-axes and within 2.0-mm intervals along the x-axis (z-axis, direction of ultrasound propagation; y- and x-axes, perpendicular to the direction of ultrasound propagation). Twenty-nine of 30 HIFU sessions successfully created ablations at the target. The in vivo porcine thigh study showed only a small discrepancy (width, 0.5-1.1 mm; length, 3.0 mm) between the planning ultrasonograms and the pathological specimens. Inordinate thermal damage was not observed in the adjacent tissues or sonic pathways in the in vivo thigh and ex vivo kidney studies. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that this new USg-HIFU system may be a safe and accurate technique for ablating soft tissues and encapsulated organs.

Ethical Debate on Animal Research.

ABSTRACT: Animal research or animal testing is done worldwide, where vertebrate animals, from zebrafish to non-human primates, millions in number are used annually. The practice is regulated to various degrees in different countries. Scientists and science authorities still have their arguments to justify animal testing. However, dialogues and protests are also evident against it. Awareness and campaign in recent years has made scientists and governments make statement that animal testing should cause as little suffering to animals as possible and that animal tests should only be performed where necessary. We should also look into the matter deeply and compassionately.

Clinical evaluation of animal research in obstetric anesthesia

The purpose of animal research in obstetric anesthesia is to find out the mechanisms of uterine contraction, to develop drugs for prevention of preterm labor, and to evaluate the effects of drugs on uterine contraction and the fetus in pregnant animals.Especially, anesthesiologists are interested in uterine contraction and fetal safety during pregnancy, labor, and cesarean section.As regional anesthesia and analgesia have come into widespread use for women in obstetric procedure, effects of local anesthetics on uterine contraction and umbilical blood flow that may be harmful to fetus are very important.A lot of animal studies about the effects of local anesthetics (e.g. lidocaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine) on the uterine contraction and fetal safety have been carried.In addition, general anesthesia has also been still frequently utilized for cesarean delivery and nonobstetric procedure during pregnancy.A lot of animal studies about the effects of volatile and intravenous anesthetics on the uterine contraction and fetal safety have been carried.And there are many animal studies about the mechanisms of uterine contraction and effective drugs to prevent preterm labor. Animal research in obstetrics have been carried in vivo/vitro or during pregnancy/non-pregnancy.We need to study further in order to develop effective drugs for prevention of preterm labor, and also to develop neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or artificial placenta for achieving stable blood gas exchange and oxygen supply to the fetus.

Animal Research In Diabetes And Ethical Consideration.

Research must have a clear statement that is the hypothesis. This hypothesis may involve a clinical question or pathophysiologic mechanism that cannot be tested ethically or appropriately using human subjects or alternative methods. Therefore, numerous animal models have been developed that mimic to human diabetes. They provide additional knowledge about and insight into disease processes and hopefully better methods for treatment or prevention of diabetes in humans. All scientific research involving the use of animals should begin with an ethical focus by examining the risk-benefit ratio (i.e., morbidity or mortality to the animal versus the potential importance of the knowledge acquired). The aim of this paper is to discuss these ethical aspects within the context of research on diabetes and form a framework for the decision-making process.

Racionalidad de los esquemas de superovulación y sincronización en la transferencia de embriones en bovinos: ¿terapéutica basada en la evidencia o ausencia de ética / Racionalidade dos esquemas de superovulação e sincronização na transferência de embriões em bovinos: terapêutica baseada em provas ou falta de ética / Rational of superovulation and synchronization protocols for bovine embryo transfer ¿Evidence-based therapeutics or lack of ethics

Desde el inicio del uso intensivo de la transferencia de embriones (TE) en Colombia, los esquemas hormonales para la inducción de la superovulación (SOV) en las donadoras y la sincronización de las receptoras (SR), se han aplicado de conformidad con los estudios realizados en otras partes del mundo. Una gran cantidad de variaciones en los esquemas está disponible en la literatura, cuya aplicación no ha obedecido al diseño de estudios clínicos completos, sino que se basan en el principio de la utilización de productos hormonales por su presumida farmacología, sin hacer seguimiento ni de su farmacocinética ni de los potenciales efectos colaterales adversos en la fertilidad. Los esquemas utilizados podrían tener efectos colaterales asociados de manera directa o indirecta con el uso incontrolado de hormonas exógenas, o con el tiempo durante el cual las donadoras o receptoras son sometidas a los tratamientos, olvidando aspectos fundamentales de la ética en la experimentación animal. La proliferación de esquemas de SOV y de SR busca mejorar las tasas de respuesta en la producción de embriones de calidad I y II (transferibles o congelables), y aumentar las tasas de gestación de los embriones transferidos, pero los resultados no han mejorado significativamente a lo largo de los últimos 20, situación común en todos los países del mundo. En el presente trabajo se hace una revisión sobre el uso de hormonas en los esquemas de SOV y sincronización de receptoras, con énfasis en la racionalidad del uso de las hormonas y los resultados obtenidos. Finalmente, se proponen varios elementos de juicio para plantear una discusión sobre la racionalidad y la bioética de los esquemas utilizados en la TE.

Since the beginning of the use of bovine embryo transfer (ET) in Colombia, hormonal protocols for superovulation (SOV) of donors and for synchronization of recipients (RS) have been used in accordance with protocols reported elsewhere. Several variations of ET protocols have been reported most of they not based in controlled clinical studies but in the supposed pharmacological mechanisms of action of the used hormones, neither with pharmacokinetic studies nor considering the potential collateral effects on cow’s fertility. Such collateral effects could be directly or indirectly related with the uncontrolled use of exogenous hormones, or with the time-related additional open days of donor and recipients, without considering the bioethics for animal experimentation. The huge proliferation of protocols for SOV and RS aims for improving both grade I and II (transferable or freezable embryos) embryo yield per transfer, and pregnancy rates for transferred embryos, without having achieved significant improvements during the last 20 years all around the world. In the present review we critic the use of exogenous hormones in bovine ET with emphasis in the rationality of indiscriminating use of exogenous hormones and embryo yield. Finally, we suggest several arguments on the bioethics of the protocols for SOV and RS in bovine ET.

Desde o início da transferência de embriãos (TE) na Colômbia, nos esquemas hormonais para a indução da superovulação (SOV) no dadora e sincronização do receptor (SR), foram executadas de acordo com estudos realizados noutras partes do mundo. Um lote de variações nos esquemas está disponível na literatura, cuja execução não tenha obedecido a concepção dos estudos clínicos completos, sem controlo ou a sua farmacocinética ou potenciais efeitos colaterais adversos sobre a fertilidade. Os esquemas utilizados poderiam ter efeitos secundários associados direta ou indiretamente com o uso descontrolado de hormônios exógenos, ou o tempo durante o qual o doador ou receptor são submetidos a tratamento, ignorando os aspectos-chave da ética na experimentação animal. A proliferação de esquemas SOV e SR pretendem melhorar as taxas de resposta na produção de embriões qualidade I e II (transferíveis ou congeladas) eu aumento das taxas de gravidez de embriões transferidos, mas os resultados não têm melhorado significativamente ao longo dos últimos 20, uma situação comum em todos os países do mundo. Neste documento é uma revisão sobre o uso de hormônios nas formas de SOV e sincronização de receptores, com ênfase na utilização racional das hormonais e os resultados obtidos. Por último, propomos vários elementos de juízo para levantar uma discussão sobre a racionalidade e bioética dos esquemas utilizados na TE.

Comitê de ética em pesquisa envolvendo experimentaçäo animal da Universidade Paranaense - CEPEEA/UNIPAR / Ethical committee for animal research of Universidade Paranaense - CEPEEA/UNIPAR

A busca por um desenvolvimento científico eticamente justificável e apropriado, levou o Instituto de Pesquisa e Ambiência Científica-IPEAC, da Universidade Paranaense-UNIPAR, a discutir o assunto e instituir um Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa Envolvendo Experimentaçäo Animal(CEPEEA). O CEPEEA é um órgäo assessor do IPEAC e responsável pelo acompanhamento das atividades que envolvam a utilizaçäo de animais no âmbito da UNIPAR. Tem por finalidade analisar, emitir pareceres e expedir certificados à luz dos princípios éticos na experimentaçäo animal exarados pelo Colégio Brasileiro de Experimentaçäo Animal (COBEA), sobre protocolos de experimentaçäo que envolvam uso de animais, bem como fiscalizar o cumprimento de um regulamento próprio, o que levou o CEPEEA à elaboraçäo de orientaçöes para o uso de animais em experimentaçäo. O CEPEEA também avalia trabalhos científicos encaminhados para o periódico Arquivos de Ciências Veterinárias e Zoologia da UNIPAR (ISSN 1415-8167)