Clinical Observation of Pregabalin Assisting Anti-histamine Drugs in the Treatment of Secondary Skin Pru-ritus in Uremic Patients Underwent Maintenance Hemodialysis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of pregabalin assisting anti-histamine drugs in the treat-ment of secondary skin pruritus in uremic patients underwent maintenance hemodialysis. METHODS:140 uremic patients with sec-ondary skin pruritus underwent maintenance hemodialysis were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,with 70 cases in each group. Control group was given loratadine orally,10 mg,qd. Treatment group was additionally given pregabalin on the basis of control group,75 mg,po,at night of hemodialysis end,increasing by 75 mg every week if no obvious relief was found,maximal dose of 300 mg. Both group received 3 months of treatment. Clinical efficacy,VAG itching score,modified Duo score,PSQI score before and after treatment and the incidence of ADR were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:Total effec-tive rate of treatment group (90.00%) was significantly higher than that of control group (71.43%),with statistical significance (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Pregabalin assisting anti-histamine drugs in the treatment of secondary skin pruritus in uremic patients with maintenance hemodialysis can efficiently relieve the itching symptoms,improve sleep quality,and not increase the risk of ADR.

The Effects of Anti-histamine and Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mast cells and their product, histamine and leukotriene in ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. (Group I: Control group without ischemia, Group II: Normal saline with ischemia, Group III: Cimetidine with ischemia, Group IV: Zafirlukast with ischemia) Skin flap was elevated and ischemic insult was given by clamping the artery for 12 hours. Before reperfusion, the rats were treated with saline, cimetidine and zafirlukast. Flap survival was evaluated at 7 days. Neutrophil counts, mast cell counts were evaluated 24 hours after reperfusion. RESULTS: Flap survival rate in the control group was 92.33%, whereas normal saline group had 37.34% survivals. Cimetidine and zafirlukast treated group showed significantly higher survival rates than normal saline group. The neutrophil and mast cell counts in cimetidine and zafirlukast treated group were significantly decreased than normal saline group. Cimetidine treated group showed higher survival rate and lower cell counts than zafirlukast treated group. CONCLUSION: The administration of cimetidine and zafirlukast can decrease neutrophils and mast cells caused by ischemia-reperfusion and increase flap survivals. It is suggests that antihistamine and leukotriene receptor antagonist have protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury to skin flap in rat.

Nalbuphine vs. chlorpheniramine in reducing intrathecal opioid-induced pruritus in parturients undergoing lower-segment caesarean section

Background: Pruritus is a common complication of intrathecal opioids and numerous medications have been used to prevent or treat this complication. However, the efficacy of these medications vary. The choice of medications also depends on the availability and the cost. We performed a randomised double-blind study to evaluate whether nalbuphine is as effective as chlorpheniramine, a medication that is commonly used for treating pruritus for the treatment of intrathecal opioid-induced pruritus in parturients undergoing lower-segment caesarean section. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and thirty four parturients with American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II who had intrathecal opioid-induced pruritus were assigned to receive either intravenous nalbuphine (4 mg eight-hourly) or intravenous chlorpheniramine (5 mg eight-hourly) for a period of 24 hours. Pruritus was assessed using a qualitative scale at pre-treatment, six, nine, 12 and 24 hours post-treatment. Results: The occurrence of intrathecal opioid-induced pruritus was significantly reduced in parturients treated with intravenous nalbuphine as compared to intravenous chlorpheniramine at all intervals studied. Conclusion: In conclusion, nalbuphine is more effective than chlorpheniramine in reducing intrathecal opioid-induced pruritus for parturients undergoing lower-segment caesarean section.

The Efficacy of a Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist and a Second-generation Anti-histamine in the Treatment for Children with Moderate to Severe Persistent Allergic Rhinitis / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy of leukotriene receptor antagonist and second generation anti-histamine in children with moderate to severe persistent allergic rhinitis. METHODS: Twenty eight patients who were treated with second generation anti-histamine for 4 weeks (Zyrtec syrup(R), Group A) and 58 patients who were treated with leukotriene receptor antagonist for 4 weeks (Singulair(R), Group B) were enrolled in this study. Control group (n=22) was received only first generation anti-histamine (Hydroxyzine) intermittently. Efficacy were evaluated by nasal scores in nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, sneezing and total nasal symptom score (a sum of patient ratings of nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, sneezing) before treatment and at 2 and 4 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: There were no difference in the total IgE and total eosinophil count of 3 groups. There were also no significant difference in the initial symptom scores. For nasal congestion, group A and B showed significant improvement at 2 and 4 weeks after treatment compared with controls (each P=0.006, P=0.000, P=0.023, P=0.001). For sneezing, group A and B showed significant improvement at 2 weeks after treatment compared with controls (each P=0.048, P=0.011) and group B also showed significant improvement at 4 weeks after treatment compared with controls (P=0.041). In total nasal symptom score (TNSS), group A and B showed significant improvement at 2 and 4 weeks after treatment compared with controls (each P=0.014, P=0.005, P=0.008, P=0.005). CONCLUSION: In the moderate to severe persistent allergic rhinitis, leukotriene receptor antagonist or second generation anti-histamine is effective in nasal congestion and sneezing.

Caffeoylquinic acid derivatives from Bidens parviflora and their antihistamine release activites / 中草药

Objective Based on the activities of antihistamine release to study the compounds from Bidens parvi-flora and find biological active compounds. Methods The chemical constituents from B.parviflora were isolated by silica gel and Sphadex LH-20 column chromatographies and purified by preparative HPLC. The chemical structures had been identified by physiochemical properties and spectroscopic methods. Results Six caffeoylquinic acid derivatives were identified as 3, 5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid ( Ⅰ ),3, 4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid ( Ⅱ ), 4, 5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid ( Ⅲ ), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid ( Ⅳ ), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid ( Ⅴ ), 4-[3-(3, 4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-acryloyloxy]-2, 3-dihydroxy-2-methyl-butyric acid ( Ⅵ ). Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ - Ⅵ are first obtained from B. parviflora and Ⅵ is new one. Some of the compounds exhibit the activities in antiallergic assays. Moreover, the structure-activity relationships of these compounds have been also discussed in this paper.

Clinical Efficacy of Intranasal Azelastine Hydrohloride Spray in Korean Vasomotor Rhinitis Patients

Background & Objectives: Vasomotor rhinitis (VMR) is a chronic non-allergic rhinitis without the increased Ig E level and eosinophilia. Azelastine hydrochloride is a second generation anti-histamine medication with anti-inflammatory properties that inhibits the synthesis of inflammatory materials. There are reports that azelastine hydrochloride can be effective in the treatment of VMR. Therefore, this study examined the clinical efficacy of intranasal azelastine hydrochloride spray in comparison with placebo for the treatment of VMR. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This study was a prospective double blind randomized test. The subjects consisted of 84 VMR patients. Among them, 54 patients were treated with intranasal azelastine hydrochloride for 4 weeks and 30 patients with intranasal normal saline. Following the treatment, an analysis of the symptom score was performed in order to compare the treatment effects between the study group and the control group. RESULTS: In the study group, the symptom score was significantly improved in the areas of sneezing (1.38 to 0.72), rhinorrhea (1.57 to 0.76), nasal obstruction (1.76 to 1.01) and postnasal drip (1.43 to 0.65). In the control group, however, the symptom score was significantly improved in a single area of rhinorrhea (1.73 to 0.65). Patients in the study group, thus, displayed greater improvements in the areas of sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal obasturction and postnasal drip comparative to the control group. Consequently, the study group patients were more satisfied with their quality of life than those of the control group. CONCLUSION: Azelastine chloride is a useful medicine for the treatment of VMR, especially in controlling sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction and postnasal drip.

Phenolic glucosides from Bidens parviflora and their anti-histamine activities / 中草药

100 ?g/mL, respectively. Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ-Ⅴ are isolated from B. parviflora for the first time, Ⅲ is a new phenolic glucoside named as bidenphenol glucoside. Compounds Ⅰ-Ⅴ exhibit the activities of anti-histamine release from rat mast cell stimulated by antigen-antibody reaction.