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Background: Chronic dacryocystitis is a constant menace to delicate ocular structures. If left untreated, it can lead to sight as well as life-threatening complications. However, such complications may be prevented by timely intervention along with appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis. The objectives are to investigate the current bacterial community profile in adult patients with chronic dacryocystitis attending a referral eye care center in Odisha and to determine their drug susceptibility pattern to commonly used antimicrobial agents. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted on 70 adult patients with chronic dacryocystitis. The discharge from the punctum was collected by doing a regurgitation test or lacrimal passage irrigation and sent for microbiological analysis. Results: Out of 70 samples collected, 54 (77.1%) samples showed bacterial growth after 24–48 h of incubation. Among various isolates recovered, 68.5% were gram-positive and 27.8% were gram-negative organisms. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most common isolate among gram-positive, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most common among gram-negative organisms. Among all drugs used in the susceptibility test; amikacin, piperacilin + tazobactam, and netilmycin were found to be most sensitive and cefixime, and amoxycilin + clavulinic acid was found to be most resistant to gram-positive as well as for gram-negative organisms. Conclusion: Knowledge about the microbiological profile and the drug susceptibility pattern responsible for chronic dacryocystitis in a geographical area is important and should be kept in mind while treating these patients.
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Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common infection encountered in the life of an individual irrespective of age and sex. Varying degree of antibiotic resistance shown by uropathogens against the routinely used antibiotics in the therapeutic regimen is a serious concern in treatment of UTI. This study was aimed at the isolation and demonstration of antibiogram pattern of organism responsible for acute UTI. Materials and methods: Clean catched mid stream urine (CCMSU) specimens collected from patients of different age group were cultured on blood agar and Mac Conkey’s agar by standard loop culture method. These organisms were further identified by standard methods and antibiotic sensitivity was evaluated using Kirby Bauers disc diffusion method in accordance with CLSI guidelines. Results: A total of 1230 samples were collected from both males and females of age group 5 to 80. Among the total, 443 (36%) samples were positive for culture and showed significant bacteruria. Gram negative isolates were responsible for majority of infection and 86.9% isolates and Escherichia coli was the predominant among them (37.2%). Conclusion: Majority of the isolates showed resistance to drugs commonly used to treat UTI. Variations in sensitivity may be due to the inappropriate exposure of different localities as to antibiotics which can drive the development of resistance. From the results of this study, it is certain that choosing drugs for empiric treatment will be challenging as no single common drug can conveniently be recommended for UTI.
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Background: Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern from clinical isolates can reveal important information that can help in drafting the hospital antibiotic policy as well as help improve prescribing patterns and patient outcome in a particular region.Methods: Data from the results of the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of clinical isolates of the patients between 1stJuly and 31st December 2018 were collected on a pre-designed and pre tested case study form and analysed with the help of descriptive statistics.Results: A total of 75 blood culture reports were obtained which showed 58 gram positive cultures. Further 46 of the gram positive samples were positive for Coagulase negative Staphylococcus. A total of 305 urine samples were obtained for culture which showed gram negative cultures. Paediatric and medicine wards were the common yielding sites. A total of 242 pus reports were obtained which showed 47 gram positive cultures. A total of 154 wound swab samples were obtained which showed 47 gram positive cultures. For pus and wound swab samples, surgery wards were the common yielding sites. Common gram negative organisms seen were Klebsiella sp., E. coli, Citrobacter sp., Pseudomonas, Proteus and Enterobacter. Gram positive organisms were commonly resistant to Erythromycin, orally active Penicillins, Vancomycin and Teicoplanin and gram negative organisms were commonly resistant to Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, Colistin, Fluroquinolones and Meropenem.Conclusions: This study showed that over six months samples of body pus, wound swab, blood culture and urine showed high levels of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. This would provide an outline for development of an effective hospital Infection Control Policy.
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Introduction: Infection is a leading cause of hospitalization among diabetic patients. Diabetes is associated with increased risk of developing infection increased severity of infection and prolonged hospital stay. Urinary tract infection, respiratory tract infection and soft tissue infection are common infections with increased incidence of diabetes. Altered host defenses, vascular abnormalities, frequent hospital admissions are responsible for increased incidence. Aim of the study: To find out the prevalence of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in type 2 diabetic women, to analyze the spectrum of organisms responsible for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in this group and its antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. Materials and methods: There was 164 participants in the study group and 56 non-diabetic women in the control group GROUP-I: Women with type 2 diabetes were recruited randomly from the Female patients of General Medicine OPD and Diabetic OPD, Government Dharmapuri Medical College Hospital, Dharmapuri. GROUP-II: Women without diabetes were selected randomly from the general population. They were relatives and friends of inpatients admitted in general medical ward. The following laboratory data were included: fasting plasma glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, albuminuria, glycosuria, and leucocyturia. These patients were evaluated for microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Results: Overall the prevalence of ASB was 22.56% in the study group and 5.36% in control group. G. Ranjani. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in type 2 diabetic women patients who are attending Medicine OPD of Government Dharmapuri Medical College, Dharmapuri. IAIM, 2017; 4(9): 36-42. Page 37 Conclusion: Asymptomatic bacteriuria was significantly more among diabetics with nephropathy. Simple bedside method to screen asymptomatic bacteriuria is leucocyturia and it has a positive predictability (72.7%) to detect bacterial isolates. Among asymptomatic bacteriuria, gram-negative isolates were greater than gram-positive ones Isolates were resistant to most of the commonly used antimicrobials (Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Gentamicin, and Cefotaxime) in clinical practice.
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Background: Wound infection is one of the major health problems that are caused and aggravated by the invasion of pathogenic organisms where empiric treatment is routine. Objective: To isolate and identify the bacteria causing wound infection and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Materials and method: A total of 263 wound swab and pus samples were collected during the period of January to December 2012 from Delta Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Swabs from the wound were inoculated on appropriate media and cultured and the isolates were identified by standard procedures as needed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to ‘The Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute’ guidelines. Results: In this study 220 bacterial isolates were recovered from 263 samples showing an isolation rate of 83.65%. The predominant bacteria isolated from infected wounds were Staphylococcus aureus 89 (40.45%) followed by Escherichia coli 62 (28.18%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 34 (15.45%), Enterococci 18 (8.18%), Acinetobacter 5 (2.27%), Klebsiella 9 (4.09%) and Proteus 3 (3.36%). Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to linezolid (94.38%), fusidic acid (91.01%), vancomycin (87.64%), amikacin (74.15%) and gentamicin (73.03%). Among the Gram negative isolates Escherichia coli was predominant and showed sensitivity to imipenem (93.54%) amikacin (83.87%) colistin (53.22%) and piperacillin and tazobactum (53.22%) and pseudomonas showed sensitivity to amikacin (73.52%), imipenem (70.58%) and colistin (70.58%). Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated pathogen from wound swab and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of various isolates help to assist the clinician in appropriate selection of empirical antibiotics against wound infection.
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Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI), being the most common infections diagnosed in community and hospital, are to be treated scrupulously considering the type of infecting organism and its antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern. Aims and objectives: The aim of the present study was to observe the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolated uropathogens from urine samples of patients attending at Shahabuddin Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, during the period of July 2008 to June 2009. Result: A total of 555 urine samples were studied; of which 84 (15.13%) were culture positive. Among 84 culture positive cases, 84 isolates were identified. Among the isolates, E.coli was the most predominant 61 (62.88%) followed by Enterococci 11 (11.34%), proteus 4 (4.13%) and Pseudomonas 3 (3.09%). Whereas Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Klebsiella showed frequency rate of 2 (2.06%) for each. However Gram positive cocci showed lowest frequency rate of 1 (1.03%). All of the isolates were sensitive to Netilmicin. The majority of isolates were sensitive to Imipenam (92.3%) followed by Amikacin (91.1%), Meropenam (83.3 %), Tetracycline (70%). Sensitivity & resistance rate were same (50%) in Vancomycin & Cefodoxime. Where complete (100%) resistance was shown to Ampicillin, Azithromycin and Cefoxitin. However all isolates were poorly sensitive to cotrimoxazole (35.7%), ciprofloxacin (43%) and nitrofurantoin (44.8%). Conclusion: So, routine urine culture and susceptibility before therapy should be encouraged and periodic evaluation of predominant organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern should be studied for appropriate selection of antibiotic for effective management of UTI cases.
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Background & objectives: Though not frequently but there are reports showing phacoemulsifiers as a potent source of infection in post-operative cases of endophthalmitis. This study was carried out to find antibiogram and genetic relatedness between Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from a post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis outbreak (3 patients) and internal tubings of 5 phacoemulsifiers. Methods: In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of the 8 bacterial isolates were observed. Genetic analysis of the bacterial isolates was done using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay and PCR ribotyping. The resulting DNA band patterns were examined visually and by computer assisted analysis using unweighted pair group method. Results: The three P. aeruginosa patient isolates were found to be different from the five phacoemulsifier isolates in sensitivity towards 3 antibiotics and by genetic analysis (33 and 44% homology by RAPD assay and PCR ribotyping). Two of the patient isolates shared 100 per cent genetic homology by RAPD assay and another pair shared 100 per cent homology by PCR ribotyping. The five isolates from phacoemulsifiers did not share significant genetic homology. There was significant genetic variation between bacterial isolates from patients and phaco emulsifiers. Interpretation & conclusion: Though the three P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from the patients were phenotypically similar and genetically close, they differed from the phaco-machine isolates both genetically, and in their antibiogram profile. However, the five phacoemulsifier isolates were genetically diverse though they shared the same antibiogram profile. Therefore the Ringer’s lactate from phacomachines could not be conclusively proven to be the source of infection.