Comparison on volatile components between Artemisiae Verlotori Folium and Artemisiae Argyi Folium based on GC-MS and chemometrics / 中国中药杂志

Artemisiae Argyi Folium is commonly used in clinical practice. Artemisiae Verlotori Folium, the dried leaves of Artemisia verlotorum, is often used as a folk substitute for Artemisiae Argyi Folium in Lingnan area. In this study, gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was used to detect the volatile oil components of 27 samples of Artemisiae Verlotori Folium and 13 samples of Artemisiae Argyi Folium, and the volatile components were compared between the two species. The internal standard method was combined with multi-reaction monitoring mode(MRM) to determine the content of six major volatile components. Hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were carried out for the content data. The results showed that the Artemisiae Argyi Folium samples had higher content and more abundant volatile oils than the Artemisiae Verlotori Folium samples. Artemisiae Argyi Folium mainly had the components with lower boiling points, while Artemisiae Verlotori Folium mainly had the components with higher boiling points. Terpenoids were the main volatile components in Artemisiae Verlotori Folium(mainly sesquiterpenoids) and Artemisiae Argyi Folium(monoterpenoids). In addition, Artemisiae Argyi Folium had higher content of oxygen-containing derivatives than Artemisiae Verlotori Folium. Furthermore, the stoichiometric analysis showed that the two species could be distinguished by both HCA and OPLS-DA, indicating that the volatile components of the two were significantly different. This study can provide a scientific basis for the quality evaluation and data support for the local rational application of Artemisiae Verlotori Folium in Lingnan.

Comparison of chemical constituents in Artemisiae Argyi Folium from different Dao-di producing areas based on UPLC and HS-GC-MS / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to compare the chemical constituents in 24 batches of Artemisiae Argyi Folium samples collected from three different Dao-di producing areas(Anguo in Hebei, Nanyang in Henan, and Qichun in Hubei). An ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) method was established to determine the content of 13 nonvolatile components, and headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-GC-MS) was employed for qualitative analysis and comparison of the volatile components. The content of phenolic acids in Artemisiae Argyi Folium was higher than that of flavonoids, and the content of nonvolatile components showed no significant differences among the samples from the three Dao-di producing areas. A total of 40 volatile components were identified, and the relative content of volatile components in Artemisiae Argyi Folium was significantly different among the samples from different Dao-di producing areas. The principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis identified 8 volatile components as the potential markers for discrimination of Artemisiae Argyi Folium samples from different Dao-di producing areas. This study revealed the differences in the chemical composition of Artemisiae Argyi Folium samples from three different Dao-di producing areas, providing analytical methods and a scientific basis for the discrimination and quality evaluation of Artemisia Argyi Folium in different Dao-di producing areas.

Prediction analysis of quality markers and resource evaluation of Artemisiae Argyi Folium based on chemical composition and network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

This study is based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS), and network pharmacology methods to analyze and predict potential quality markers(Q-markers) of Artemisiae Argyi Folium. First, UPLC and GC-MS techniques were used to analyze the content of 12 non-volatile components and 8 volatile components in the leaves of 33 Artemisia argyi germplasm resources as candidate Q-markers. Subsequently, network pharmacology was employed to construct a "component-target-pathway-efficacy" network to screen out core Q-markers, and the biological activity of the markers was validated using molecular docking. Finally, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed on the content of Q-markers in the 33 A. argyi germplasm resources. The results showed that 18 candidate components, 60 targets, and 185 relationships were identified, which were associated with 72 pathways related to the treatment of 11 diseases and exhibited 5 other effects. Based on the combination of freedom and component specificity, six components, including eupatilin, cineole, β-caryophyllene, dinatin, jaceosidin, and caryophyllene oxide were selected as potential Q-markers for Artemisiae Argyi Folium. According to the content of these six markers, cluster analysis divided the 33 A. argyi germplasm resources into three groups, and principal component analysis identified S14 as having the highest overall quality. This study provides a reference for exploring Q-markers of Artemisiae Argyi Folium, establishing a quality evaluation system, further studying its pharmacological mechanisms, and breeding new varieties.

Research advances of biosynthesis, in vivo analysis and pharmacokinetics of chemical constituents in Artemisiae Annuae Herba / 中国中药杂志

Artemisiae Annuae Herba is a traditional Chinese medicine for clearing deficiency and heat. It is the only natural source of artemisinin, which is a specific antimalarial drug, and has been widely concerned all over the world. In addition to artemisinin, Artemisiae Annuae Herba also contains many sesquiterpenes, coumarins, flavonoids, volatile oils, polysaccharides and other chemical components, which show antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral microorganisms, anti-asthma, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor and other pharmacological activities. In addition to their own pharmacological activities, some components could enhance the antimalarial activity of artemisinin through different mechanisms at absorption and metabolism in vivo. In order to understand the pharmacokinetic characte-ristics of the chemical constituents contained in Artemisiae Annuae Herba and provide reference for the full development and clinical utilization of Artemisiae Annuae Herba resources in China, this present paper systematically collated the modern research literatures, and summarized the biosynthesis, in vivo analysis and pharmacokinetics of the chemical constituents in Artemisiae Annuae Herba.

Effect Analysis of Artemisiae Annuae Herba and Chuanxiong Rhizoma in Treatment of Cerebral Malaria Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the reasonable combination of Artemisiae Annuae Herba and Chuanxiong Rhizoma in treatment of cerebral malaria and investigate its mechanism based on network pharmacology. Method:The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform （TCMSP） and SymMap were used to obtain all the chemical components of Artemisiae Annuae Herba and Chuanxiong Rhizoma and the action targets were screened to construct a component target protein-protein interaction （PPI） network. Target genes related to cerebral malaria were collected with use of GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. Common targets were screened by overlapping drug targets and disease targets， and protein-protein interaction network analysis was performed to get key targets. Gene ontology （GO） functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis were carried out to get main signaling pathways. Furthermore， the classical experimental cerebral malaria mouse model was used to detect survival curve， protozoanemia level， survival rate， experimental cerebral malaria （ECM） coma and behavior scores. RayBio^® cytokine antibody array was used to detect the expression level of cytokines in tissues and experiment was conducted for verification. Result:After combination of Artemisiae Annuae Herba and Chuanxiong Rhizoma， 23 active ingredients， 179 drug targets， and a total of 100 common targets of the drug and disease were obtained. GO functional analysis identified 59 items （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， involving cytokine activity， growth factor activity， immune response， etc. KEGG pathway analysis revealed 51 related signaling pathways. The experimental results showed that the combined use of Artemisiae Annuae Herba and Chuanxiong Rhizoma could significantly improve the clinical signs of ECM mice， such as survival state， coma and behavioral scores. In the detection of expression levels of related cytokines in mice， the expression levels of <italic>γ-</italic>interferon （IFN-<italic>γ）</italic>， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， IL-4， and IL-1<italic>β</italic> in the compatible drug combination drug were significantly higher than those in the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， which was consistent with the overlapping core targets predicted by network pharmacology. Conclusion:Based on the network pharmacology analysis and<italic> in vivo</italic> experiment verification， this study confirmed the synergistic effect of the combination of Artemisiae Annuae Herba and Chuanxiong Rhizoma in the treatment of cerebral malaria， providing clear direction for further mechanism research， and a new possibility for the clinical intervention of cerebral malaria.

Effects of Combined Application Organic Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer on Agronomic Characters，Yield and Quality of Artemisiae Argyi Folium / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of different proportions of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the agronomic traits， yield and quality of Artemisiae Argyi Folium in Qichun county， and provide a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization of its planting. Method:Field plot experiment was carried out to set up 5 treatment methods with different proportions of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers［OM₀ （no combined application of biological organic fertilizer）， OM₁₇ （combined application of 17% biological organic fertilizer）， OM₃₃ （combined application of 33% biological organic fertilizer）， OM₆₇ （combined application of 67% biological organic fertilizer）， OM₁₀₀ （combined application of 100% biological organic fertilizer）］. The effects of different treatment methods on the agronomic characters， leaf yield， output rate of moxa， volatile oil content， flavonoid and phenolic acid contents and mineral element contents of Artemisiae Argyi Folium in Qichun county were determined. Result:With the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer in application， the seedling number per unit area， plant height， stem diameter， leaf number， leaf width， leaf length， height of dead leaves and leaf yield of Artemisiae Argyi Folium were increased at first and then decreased. Among them， the yield of Artemisiae Argyi Folium in OM₃₃ treatment was 61.37% higher than that in OM₀ treatment. With the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer， the output rate of moxa of Artemisiae Argyi Folium showed continuously increasing trend， contents of volatile oil and volatile components （eucalyptol， <italic>α</italic>-thujone， borneol， camphor and caryophyllene oxide） increased at first and then decreased， while the contents of <italic>α</italic>-caryophyllene and <italic>β</italic>-syringene decreased gradually， the contents of phenolic acids （neochlorogenic acid， chlorogenic acid， isochlorogenic acid B， A and C） increased at first and then decreased， while the contents of flavonoids （jaceosidin and eupatilin） increased continuously， and the contents of mineral elements （Ca， Cu and Zn） continued to increase， but the content of K decreased significantly at the high proportion of organic fertilizer. After treated with principal component analysis （PCA）， it was found that OM₁₇ treatment had the highest quality， while OM₁₀₀ and OM₀ treatment had low quality. Conclusion:Based on comprehensive analysis of agronomic traits， yield and quality indexes of Artemisiae Argyi Folium in Qichun county， it is suggested that 17%-33% proportion of organic fertilizer should be used in its production， in order to improve the quality and efficiency of Artemisiae Argyi Folium industry in Qichun county.

Comparison of UPLC Fingerprint and Determination of Main Components Before and After Processing of Artemisiae Argyi Folium Processed with Four Excipients / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To establish the ultra-performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） fingerprints of Artemisiae Argyi Folium and Artemisiae Argyi Folium processed with four excipients， and quantitatively analyze the 8 phenolic acids and flavonoids contained in them， in order to explore the quality evaluation method of Artemisiae Argyi Folium processed with four excipients. Method:UPLC was used with Shim-pack XR-ODS C₁₈ column （2.0 mm×75 mm， 2.2 µm）， mobile phase of acetonitrile （A） -0.2% formic acid aqueous solution （B） for gradient elution （0-1 min， 10%A； 1-2 min， 10%-15%A； 2-17 min， 15%-18%A； 17-24 min， 18%-28%A； 24-36 min， 28%-38%A； 36-41 min， 38%-60%A； 41-45 min， 60%-100%A）， detection wavelength of 330 nm and flow rate of 0.2 mL·min^-1. The UPLC fingerprints of Artemisiae Argyi Folium before and after processing were established， and analyzed by chemometrics. Contents of 5-caffeoylquinic acid， 3-caffeoylquinic acid， 4-caffeoylquinic acid， 3，4-dicaffeoylquinic acid， 3，5-dicaffeoylquinic acid， 4，5-dicaffeoylquinic acid， jaceosidin and epuatilin in the decoction pieces were determined. Result:The fingerprints of Artemisiae Argyi Folium before and after processing were established， and the UPLC characteristic chromatograms of Artemisiae Argyi Folium before and after processing had good consistency， and the similarity was >0.94. Compared with Artemisiae Argyi Folium， the contents of 3-caffeoylquinic acid and 3，4-dicaffeoylquinic acid had no significant change after processing， the contents of jaceosidin and epuatilin decreased after processing， while the contents of 5-caffeoylquinic acid， 4-caffeoylquinic acid and 4，5-dicaffeoylquinic acid increased significantly （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）， their average increasing rates were 32.50%， 66.83%， 29.39%， respectively. And content of 3，5-dicaffeoylquinic acid was significantly decreased （<italic>P<</italic>0.01） ， and the average reduction rate was 51.25%. Conclusion:The contents of chemical components in Artemisiae Argyi Folium and Artemisiae Argyi Folium processed with four excipients have changed to a certain extent. Among them， 5-caffeoylquinic acid， 3，5-dicaffeoylquinic acid， 4-caffeoylquinic acid and 4，5-dicaffeoylquinic acid can be used as the key indicators for quality evaluation of Artemisiae Argyi Folium before and after processing.

Review of historical evaluation and modern application of Chinese materia medica fumigation in prevention of epidemic disease / 中草药

The fumigation of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Artemisiae Argyi Folium, Atractylodis Rhizoma, and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, is one of the creations of ancient Chinese medical practitioners during the struggle against the disease for thousands of years. Researches have showed the application of fumigation of Chinese medicinal materials in clinical practice, and there are clear pharmacological studies to prove its related effective ingredients. Therefore, we review the historical evolution and modern application progress of Chinese materia medica fumigation. In the light of the infectious features of COVID-19 including air droplet transmission and even possible aerosol transmission, the corresponding Chinese herbal medicine fumigation should be recommended and used in hospitals, communities, and families, which is expected to play an important role in fighting disease infections.

A new lignan from Artemisiae Annuae Herba / 中草药

Objective: To study the constituents from the dried aboveground part of Artemisia annua. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and comparison of NMR data with those reported in literatures. Results: Six compounds were obtained and characterized as artelignan (1), scopoletin (2), scoparone (3), chrysosplenol B (4), jaceidin (5) and mikanin (6). Conclusion: Compound 1 is identified as a new compound named artelignan.

Study on law of quality value transmitting of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba standard decoction / 中草药

Objective: To study the law of quality value transmitting of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (ASH) standard decoction. Methods: Fifteen batches of ASH standard decoction were prepared. Fingerprints of these 15 batches standard decoction and its raw pieces were determined by HPLC, the control fingerprints were established, the common peaks were calibrated and the similarity was evaluated. Components of common peaks were identified by Q-TOF/MS and the contents of components confirmed by reference substance were determined. The common peaks transfer number, peak area ratio, index components transfer rate and extraction rate were used to analyze the quality value transfer rule of standard decoction. Results: The similarity of fingerprints of ASH and its standard decoction were greater than 0.9, 16 and 15 common peaks were calibrated respectively, and the transfer rate of the common peaks number was 93.75%. Thirteen components of the common peaks were confirmed by reference substance, including 1-caffeoylquinic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, p-hydroxyacetophenone, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercetin, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. Caffeoylquinic acid glucoside and a di-C-glycoside named apigenin 6,8-di-C-β-D-glucoside were first detected in ASH. The ratio of the common peaks area of ASH standard decoction to that of ASH raw pieces showed a good positive linear relationship with the components transfer rate. The average transfer rates of neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid were more than 100%, while the average transfer rates of chlorogenic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were only 47.59% and 22.33% respectively, suggesting that the organic acid components may be transformed into each other during the preparation of standard decoction, and part of chlorogenic acid may be transformed into cryptochlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid; 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid may be partially converted into 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid. The average transfer rates of rutin and hyperoside were 31.36% and 28.36%, respectively, and that of other components were between 50% and 70%. The average extraction rate of standard decoction was 19.76%. Conclusion: The laws of quality value transmitting of ASH standard decoction revealed in this study laid a foundation for the establishment of the material reference of ASH formula granules and the classic prescriptions containing ASH.

Development of Analytical Method and Validation using HPLC/PDA for Discrimination between Artemisiae Argyi Folium and Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba

In this study, we described the new developed method to simultaneously discriminate two herbal drugs of Artemisiae Argyi Folium and Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba using eight marker compounds (1 – 8) on an HPLC-PDA system. The developed method was applied to quantify the major components of two herbal drugs. The pattern analysis successfully discriminated and evaluated different components between Artemisiae Argyi Folium and Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba. Results were used for classification of different species from collected samples.

Effect of herba arleniisiae eapillaris extracts on pten protein expression in kidney tissue of diabetic rats and its protective effect on kidney / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To investigate the effect of herba artemisiae eapillaris extracts (HACE) on the expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted chromatosome 10 (PTEN) in the kidney tissue of the diabetic rats, and to clarify the pharmacological mechanism of protective effect of HACE on the kidney of the diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (/i=6). model group ( n= 12) and HACK group (n=12). The rats in HACK group were intragastrically administrated with HACK (5 g • kg !) one time every day. and the rats in control group and model group were intragastrically administrated with the same volume of normal saline. The diabetic rat models were duplicated by streptozotocin (STZ). After 4 months of administration, the urinary albumin excretion rates and urinary total protein excretion rates of the rats in various groups were detected. The pathomorphology of the kindey tissue of the rats in various groups were observed by HE staining and the distribution of renal extracellular matrix (ECM) was detected by PAS and Mas son staining. The expressions of PTEN protein in kidney tissue of the rats in various groups were detected by immunohistostaining and the expression levels of PTEN protein in kidney tissue of the rats in various groups were detected by Western blotting method. Results: Compared with model group, the glomerular mesangial aggregation, positive staining of PAS as well as Masson aggregation and basement membrane thickening of the rats in HACE group were significantly reduced, and the 24 h urinary albumin excretion rate was significantly decreased ( P0. 05). The immunohistochemistry staining results showed that the expression level of PTEN protein in kidney tissue of the rats in control group was higher, the expression level of PTEN protein in the kidney tissue of the rats in model group was decreased, and the expression level of PTEN protein in kidney tissue of the rats in HACE group was increased to normal. The Western blotting results showed that the expression level of PTEN protein in the renal cortex tissue tissue of the rats in model group was significantly decreased compared with control group C P<0. 05) ; compared with model group, the expression level of PTEN protein in renal cortex tissue of the rats in HACE group was significantly increased C P<-0. 05). Conclusion: HACE can increase the expression of PTEN protein in kidney tissue of the rats, which may be one of the mechanisms of its protective effect on the kidney in the diabetic rats.

Identification of Artemisiae Annuae Herba Based on Algorithm for Diversity of XML Tree Map / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To study and create the algorithm for the diversity (AD) of extensible markup language (XML) tree map, and provide a new tool for the identification of Artemisiae Annuae Herba. Method: According to the literature research, the key information of Artemisiae Annuae Herba was selected from the macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic information, etc. Based on the key information, the relevant upper standards of domestic and foreign professional fields were cited to assign the unique identification independent of language for each data element, and the coding rules of relevant data elements were established. The digital coding technology was applied to the flexible structure editor, and the tree map was created, which could be returned as the 5th version of hypertext markup language (HTML5) or XML format. Based on the diversity related algorithms, the authors innovatively developed the AD of XML tree map of Artemisiae Annuae Herba, which took into account both of topology and semantics, and the expression model of related mathematical functions of Artemisiae Annuae Herba was established. By comparing the calculation results with the reality, the algorithm model was debugged continuously until the convergence of the core-culvert algorithm model. Result: Through the research on AD, the diversity between two XML tree maps could be calculated, and the discrimination or identification model of Artemisiae Annuae Herba also could be finally optimized and established. After calculation and analysis of the tested tree maps, the effective rate of the model was 100%. Conclusion: In this study, the establishment of the AD of XML tree map can effectively assist in the identification of Artemisiae Annuae Herba, which provides certain technical support and theoretical guidance for the research on intelligent application of traditional Chinese medicine.

Identification and determination of phenolic acids and flavonoids in Artemisiae Argyi Folium by UPLC-DAD-MS / 中国中药杂志

The study aims to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze phenolic acids and flavonoids in Artemisiae Argyi Folium cultivated in Qichun(Qiai) for the quality control of this genuine regional herbs. UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS was used for rapid separation and structural identification of the constituents. Samples were separated on an UPLC column(2. 1 mm×100 mm,1. 8 μm) by gradient elution using 0. 1% formic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phases at a flow rate of 0. 4 m L·min-1. By UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS,16 compounds including phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified by comparison with reference standards or literature data. For quantitative analysis,12 identified compounds were simultaneously determined by UPLC-DAD at wavelengths of 330 nm. The method was validated with respect to linearity,precision,repeatability,stability and recovery. The contents of these compounds were found to differ significantly between the samples from Qichun and other areas. This strategy was novel,effective and straightforward,which provided a potential approach for holistic quality control of Qiai.

Research progress on pharmacological effect of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba / 中草药

The main chemical components of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (ASH) include coumarins, flavonoids, organic acids, essential oils, and so on. Except for the traditional actions of clearing and draining dampness-heat, and disinhibiting gallbladder and anti-icteric, ASH has multiple pharmacological activities, such as antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, hypotensive, hypolipidemic, anti-osteoporotic, neuroprotective, metabolic regulation effects, as well as prevention of Alzheimer’s disease, whose mechanism of actions are complex. This article reviews pharmacological actions and the corresponding mechanism of ASH, which can provide reference for the research, development and clinical application of ASH and its preparations.

Rapid chemical profiling of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba using reversed phase liquid chromatography-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-predictive multiple reaction monitoring / 中国中药杂志

Chemical profiling of a given herbal medicine( HM) is the prerequisite for clarifying the effective material basis and therapeutic mechanisms,and it is an important integral part of traditional Chinese medicine chemical biology( TCMCB). In current study,we aimed to propose a new strategy for fast chemical characterization of HM by using reversed phase liquid chromatography-hydrophilic interaction chromatography-predictive multiple reaction monitoring( RPLC-HILIC-p MRM),and Artemisiae Scopariae Herba was employed in this study to illustrate the entire strategy. In response to wide polarity spanning of the diverse chemical clusters in Artemisiae Scopariae Herba,RPLC and HILIC were coupled in series to retain and separate hydrophilic and hydrophobic components simultaneously by identifying the characteristics of chromatographic separation. Most of the chemical constituents in traditional Chinese medicine can be predicted by summarizing the results of chemical constituents of the same genera and introducing primary metabolites and possible substitution reaction types. Therefore,we constructed predictive ion pairs to rapidly identify the chemical constituents of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba. After comparison with control products,discussion on fragmentation pattern,and access to relevant information from literature and databases,a total of 139 components were detected and structurally annotated by matching the obtained spectral data with the information of authentic compounds. Above all,RPLC-HILIC-p MRM could be used as an eligible analytical tool for the chemical profiling of HMs.

Effect of herba artemisiae capillaris extracts on expression profile of miRNAs in kidney tissue of diabetic rats and its protective effect on kidney / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To observe the effect of herba artemisiae capillaris extracts (HACE) on the expression profile of microRNA (miRNAs) in the kidney tissue of the diabetic rats, and to explore the protective effect of HACE on the kidney tissue of diabetic rats from the miRNA angle. Methods: A total of 60 male Wistar rats were divided into control group (n=12), model group (n=24) and HACE group (n=24). The urinary albumin excretion rate and urinary protein excretion rate of the rats in various groups were detected. HE staining was used to detect the morphology of the kidney tissue of the rats in various groups after treated for 8 and 16 weeks; miRNAs chips were used to screen the expressions of miRNAs in the kidney tissue of the rats. The positive miRNAs were screened out from those with differentially expression amounts higher than 1. 74 times as well as high abundance, and RT-qPCR was used to verify the relative expression amounts of miRNAs. Results: Compared with model group, the glomeruli matrix accumulation of the rats in HACE group (after treated for 8 and 16 weeks) was significantly improved and the urinary albumin excretion rates were decreased (P<0. 05). The miRNAs chips results showed that there were 35 differentially expressed miRNAs in control and model groups and there were 17 differentially expressed miRNAs in model and HACE groups. The RT-qPCR results showed that after treated for 8 weeks, compared with control group, the relative expression amounts of miR-1306-3p (P<0. 05), miR-672-5p (P<0. 05) and miR-3550 (P<0. 01) in the kidney tissue of the rats in model group were decreased; compared with model group, the relative expression amount of miR-672-5p in the kidney tissue of the rats in HACE group was increased (P<0. 05). After treated for 16 weeks, compared with control group, the relative expression amount of miR-21-5p in the kidney tissue of the rats in model group was increased (P

Analysis and comparison of HPLC fingerprints of wanai and Artemisiae argyi from thirty-one growing areas by multistatistical / 中成药

AIM To analyze and compare HPLC fingerprints of wanai and Artemisiae argyi Levi.et Vant from thirty-one growing areas by multistatistical.METHODS The analysis of 80％ methanol extract of A.argyi was developed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Agilent TC-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-water (containing 0.2％ methanoic acid) flowing at 1 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 330 nm.RESULTS There were eighteen,twenty-five common peaks in the fingerprints of thirty-one batches of A.argyi,fifteen batches of wanai,respectively,with the similarities all more than 0.900.The similarities of thirty-one batches of samples from different growing area were good and together as a category except samples from Dengzhou city,Luohe city and Anhui province.Fifteen batches of wanai samples got together with Qiai among them.The cumulative contribution rate of the four principal components from A.argyi was 86.049％.Twelve batches of wanai samples had higher scores than Qiai.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can be used for the quality control of A.argyi.

Preparation of nanostructured lipid carriers for volatile oils from Artemisiae argyi Folium / 中成药

AIM To prepare nanostructured lipid carriers for volatile oils from Artemisiae argyi Folium.METHODS Heated melting-ultrasonic dispersion method was applied to preparing lipid carriers.Taking solid/liquid lipid ratio,amounts of lipid,emulsifier and volatile oils as influencing factors,and average paticle size as an evaluation index,the formulation was optimized by orthogonal test.With cineole,camphor and borneol as indices,GC-MS was adopted in the content determination of volatile oils.RESULTS The optimal formulation was determined to be 5 ∶ 5 for solid/liquid lipid ratio,1％,3％ and 0.5％ for amounts of lipid,emulsifier and volatile oils,respectively.The obtained clear and transparent lipid carriers demonstrated the average particle size of (72.33 ±1.93) nm,PDI of 0.273 ± 0.004 5,and Zeta potential of (-30.59 ± 1.42) mV,whose in vitro release rate was lower than that of raw medicine within 120 h,along with a higher stability under 4 ℃ than that under 25 ℃.The entrapment efficiencies of cineole,camphor and borneol were 87.49％,86.45％ and 92.12％ with the drug loadings of 8.25％,2.00％ and 3.38％,respectively.CONCLUSION It is suggested that nanostructured lipid carriers for volatile oils from Artemisiae argyi Folium should be stored under 4 ℃ with the features of sustainedrelease and stable physicochemical properties.

Quality evaluation of Artemisiae Argyi Folium based on fingerprint analysis and quantitative analysis of multicomponents / 中国中药杂志

Artemisiae Argyi Folium, the dried leaves of Artemisia argyi, has been widely used in traditional Chinese and folk medicines for treatment of hemorrhage, pain, and skin itch. Phytochemical studies indicated that volatile oil, organic acid and flavonoids were the main bioactive components in Artemisiae Argyi Folium. Compared to the volatile compounds, the research of nonvolatile compounds in Artemisiae Argyi Folium are limited. In the present study, an accurate and reliable fingerprint approach was developed using HPLC for quality control of Artemisiae Argyi Folium. A total of 10 common peaks were marked，and the similarity of all the Artemisiae Argyi Folium samples was above 0.940. The established fingerprint method could be used for quality control of Artemisiae Argyi Folium. Furthermore, an HPLC method was applied for simultaneous determination of seven bioactive compounds including five organic acids and two flavonoids in Artemisiae Argyi Folium and Artemisiae Lavandulaefoliae Folium samples. Moreover, chemometrics methods such as hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis were performed to compare and discriminate the Artemisiae Argyi Folium and Artemisiae Lavandulaefoliae Folium based on the quantitative data of analytes. The results indicated that simultaneous quantification of multicomponents coupled with chemometrics analysis could be a well-acceptable strategy to identify and evaluate the quality of Artemisiae Argyi Folium.