Medication Ideas for Depression from Wenyang Jieyu Prescription / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Depression is a complex emotional and mental disorder. The traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） methods for treating depression mainly include soothing the liver and relieving depression. Our research team proposes that depression is caused by Yang Qi deficiency and obstructed Qi movement， which are closely related to neurological and psychological changes induced by early traumatic experiences. Therefore， we suggest that the treatment should focus on warming Yang， replenishing Qi， and promoting Qi movement and have formulated Wenyang Jieyu prescription based on Erxiantang for warming yang and Xiaoyaosan for relieving depression. The experiment with the mouse model of early trauma induced by maternal separation showed that Wenyang Jieyu prescription significantly improved the mouse activity and environmental exploration， reduced the immobility time in forced swimming and tail suspension tests， alleviated the behaviors such as aversion to darkness and fear of open space， enhanced social interaction and social cognitive abilities， altered decision-making biases， reduced depression-like behaviors， and improved the decision-making patterns. Additionally， the prescription lowered the serum level of cortisol， inhibited the cortisol surge in the dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing hormone （Dex/CRH） test， up-regulated the expression of mineralocorticoid receptor （MR） and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 （11β-HSD2） in the hippocampus， down-regulated the expression of glucocorticoid receptor （GR） and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 （CRHR1）， inhibited the methylation of GR exon 1 and the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 （DNMT1）， and restored the negative feedback of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis. Furthermore， Wenyang Jieyu prescription up-regulated the protein level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， elevated the levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 （PSD95） and synaptophysin （Syn）， decreased the cell apoptosis index and B-cell lymphoma （Bcl-2）-associated X （Bax）/Bcl-2 ratio， suppressed the expression of Caspase-3， and enhanced the neuroplasticity and anti-apoptotic capacity in the hippocampus. Considering the research results， related articles， and clinical experience， we conclude that depression should be treated with liver-soothing and depression-relieving herbs， which can be supplemented with spleen-invigorating and Qi-regulating herbs to alleviate depressive symptoms. The Yang-warming and kidney-tonifying herbs can be used to eliminate the root cause and prevent relapse. Additionally， the wind-dispersing herbs can be supplemented to regulate the Qi movement throughout the body， thereby enhancing the efficacy of depression-relieving treatment.

Inheritance and Innovation of Basic Theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Context of Mutual Understanding of Civilisations / 中医杂志

In the context of the current era when different civilizations are learning from each other， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） needs to continuously draw the essence from modern scientific and technological civilization for creative inheritance and innovative development. It is essential to master the classic texts of TCM to solidify its theoretical foundation， while also read extensively to broaden the academic horizons. TCM's inheritance and innovation should be integrated with the current era's context and social reality， and delve into the essence of TCM's academic experience and clinical practice. Emphasis should be placed on the inheritance of original TCM thinking， and return to the original image creation and transformation. Using image thinking as the main approach， and combined it with modern complex systems science and front-edge methodologies， we could elaborate the TCM theories such as correspondence between nature and human， five circuits and six qi， constitution and endowment， and harmony of body and spirit. The training of academic talents must be at the forefront， closely follow the new trends of the development of contemporary scientific and technological civilization， identify the “pain points” of discipline development， focus on the key areas for improvement， and seek the highlights of academic research. There should be a courage to question and propose new insights， construct new concepts， establish new theories， transform the weakness in original theoretical innovation， and enrich the evolving connotation of TCM.

Characteristic Analysis of Imprinting Template of Flavonoid Clusters in Four Chinese Medicines to Lung Meridian and Establishment of Experimental Approach of Meridian Tropism in Vitro / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the characteristics of imprinting template of flavonoid clusters in four Chinese medicines attributed to the lung meridian， and to establish an in vitro experimental approach for the study of the attribution of Chinese medicines to the lung meridian. MethodBased on 13 Chinese medicines， including Xanthii Fructus， Houttuyniae Herba， Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma， Belamcandae Rhizoma and so on， which only belong to the lung meridian in Chinese Materia Medica（the 13th Five-Year planning textbook of general higher education）， we identified four representative Chinese medicines， namely Houttuyniae Herba， Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma， Belamcandae Rhizoma and Mori Cortex， and set up their fingerprints by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） and calculated the molecular connectivity indices of various components in the four Chinese medicines， the similarity to their mean value was calculated by included angle cosine method， so as to establish the quantitative relationship of construction versus imprinting ability， and to determine the order of each component in the lung meridian. A total of 7 reference substances， including chlorogenic acid， rutin， quercetin， isoquercitrin， hyperoside， epicatechin， and iridin， were selected to validate the overall conformational relationships of flavonoids of the model， as well as its predictive ability. ResultHouttuyniae Herba， Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma， Belamcandae Rhizoma and Mori Cortex contained a total of 437 chemical components with an average molecular connectivity index similarity of 0.995 6. The four Chinese medicines contained a total of 204 flavonoids with an average molecular connectivity index similarity of 0.978 0， which was second only to the alkaloids with 0.985 1. The retention time（tR） of the 7 reference substances showed a good conformational relationship with the similarity of the molecular connectivity index（tR=831.4×S-790.3， r=0.861 4， P<0.01）， which was applicable to the in vitro attribution study of the position， similarity， and relative similarity with tR of the cluster of 98.04% of flavonoids. Accordingly， the 1st position was kuwanon D， with a similarity of molecular connectivity index of 0.987 7 and a tR of 30.88 min， the 200th position was chlorogenic acid， with a similarity of molecular connectivity index of 0.958 2 and a tR of 6.36 min. The total first-order moment of the four Chinese medicines calculated by total statistical moment method of fingerprint was 24.26 min， ranked 21， which could characterize 99.19% of the whole， and the total first-order moment of the total peak area of the 7 reference substances in the four Chinese medicines was 20.00 min， with a rank of 46， which could characterize 98.68% of the whole. ConclusionFlavonoid clusters are suitable probes for the characterization of imprinting template for the study of the lung meridian， which can be established a quantitative imprinting method for meridian tropism of Chinese medicines in vitro.

Hospice Care with Chinese Characteristics from the Perspective of Comparison between Chinese and Western Cultures / 中国医学伦理学

Due to the difference of cultural background, the psychological, social and spiritual needs of dying people are very different, so there are great differences in the care and nursing concept of dying people in different countries and nationalities. In order to construct the modern hospice care, we should actively learn from the western experience, but more important is to dig the local ideological resources from the traditional culture, build a set of caring care theory and practice rooted in China and originated from the concept of a good end of Chinese traditional culture, with the characteristics of the times and the cultural confidence of the Chinese nation, serving the Chinese people, and with Chinese characteristics.

Transmission of moral values between generations of families in conditions of social and economic vulnerability / Transmissão de valores morais entre as gerações de famílias em condições de vulnerabilidade social e econômica

Introduction: the study sought to determine how the passage of values between generations is processed, in view of the exposure to conditions of deprivation to which these people are subjected, while they carry the obligation to ensure the minimum for their children but do not have the necessary resources. This raises the question of how it is possible to affirm a notion of right and wrong within this social framework. this study analysed the transmission of values between generations in groups of people in unfavourable economic and social conditions. Methods: this is a qualitative descriptive study, interviews were conducted through group meetings to discuss issues related to morals. It was carried out with grandparents, their children, and their grandchildren who are residents of a peripheral neighbourhood of the capital of São Paulo and live in restricted economic conditions and under the daily impact of violence. These discussions involved the three generational components of three families. Different arrangements were made that involved the same generational group in an initial meeting and, in another meeting, the mixture of different generations and different families responding to pre-established themes that involved moral dilemmas focused on the daily cultural and social life of these families. The theoretical basis of this study was psychoanalysis, using the concepts of Identification, Ego Ideal, Ideal Ego, Oedipus, and the dynamics underlying the insertion of the father in the Oedipal triad.Results: the grandfathers were ambiguous because they have a reference to a law of morals transcending space and time. Parents, realising the ambiguity of these grandparents in relation to reality, reformulate these moral questions, basing their convictions on a law that is established within the contingencies of everyday life and, therefore, changeable. The adolescent grandchildren perceive this ambiguity in the parents and in their speech. Conclusion: there is greater identification of moral standards among grandchildren and grandparents than between children and parents. The interviewed parents were ambiguous in the way they act and speak, with the transgenerational reproduction model being more guided between grandchildren and grandparents than in the sequential temporal generational sequence.

Introdução: o estudo procurou averiguar como se processa a passagem de valores entre gerações, face à exposição a condições de privação a que são submetidas estas pessoas, enquanto carregam a obrigação de assegurar o mínimo aos filhos mas não dispõem dos recursos necessários. Isso levanta a questão de como é possível afirmar uma noção de certo e errado dentro dessa estrutura social. este estudo analisou a transmissão de valores entre gerações em grupos de pessoas em condições econômicas e sociais desfavoráveis. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo descritivo, foram realizadas entrevistas por meio de encontros grupais para discussão de questões relacionadas à moral. Foi realizado com avós, filhos e netos moradores de um bairro periférico da capital paulista e que vivem em condições econômicas restritas e sob o impacto cotidiano da violência. Essas discussões envolveram os três componentes geracionais de três famílias. Diferentes arranjos foram feitos envolvendo o mesmo grupo geracional em um encontro inicial e, em outro encontro, a mistura de diferentes gerações e diferentes famílias respondendo a temas pré-estabelecidos que envolviam dilemas morais centrados no cotidiano cultural e social dessas famílias. A base teórica deste estudo foi a psicanálise, utilizando os conceitos de Identificação, Ideal do Ego. Resultados: os avôs se mostraram ambíguos pois possuem uma referência de Lei, de moral, deslocada no espaço e no tempo; os pais percebendo a ambiguidade destes avôs em relação à realidade reformulam estas questões morais pautando suas convicções em uma Lei que se estabelece dentro das contingências do cotidiano e, portanto, mutável; os netos adolescentes percebem esta ambiguidade nos pais e nos seus discursos. Conclusão: há maior identificação de padrões morais entre netos e avôs do que entre filhos e pais. Os pais entrevistados se mostraram ambíguos na forma de agir e de discursar, sendo o modelo de reprodução transgeracional mais pautado entre netos e avôs do que na sequência geracional temporal sequencial.

La interpretación del sueño y sus similitudes con el juego: una técnica para aplicar en un dispositivo clínico de Françoise Dolto / Les similitudes dans l'interpretation du reve et du jeu: une technique applicable dans un lieu d'accueil enfant-parent / Dream interpretation ant its similarities with the play: a method to apply ina Dolto's maison verte project / A interpretação do sonho e suas semelhanças com a brincadeira: uma técnica para aplicar em um dispositivo clínico de Françoise Dolto

¿Cómo nos puede ayudar el método de la interpretación de los sueños a entender los elementos arcaicos presentes en el juego del niño de 0 a 4 años, en un dispositivo clínico inspirado en la Maison Verte creada por Françoise Dolto? En este artículo describiremos las similitudes entre el sueño y el juego del niño, particularmente con respecto al trabajo del sueño. Propondremos que los mismos mecanismos del sueño están presentes en el juego del niño como parte de un contenido manifiesto. Enseguida propondremos que es posible interpretar el contenido latente del juego trasponiendo el método de la interpretación de los sueños gracias a la información aportada por los padres que acompañen al niño. Para explicar esta técnica, examinaremos el ejemplo de juego de unos niños, tomado de un Lugar de Acogida de Niños y Padres que se adhiere a los principios de la Maison Verte AU

Comment la méthode d'interprétation des rêves peut-elle nous aider à comprendre les éléments archaïques présents dans le jeu des enfants de 0 à 4 ans, dans un dispositif clinique inspiré de la Maison Verte créée par Françoise Dolto? Dans cet article, nousdécrirons les similitudes entre le rêve et le jeu de l'enfant, notamment en ce qui concerne le travail du rêve. Nous proposerons que les mêmes mécanismes oniriques sont présents dans le jeu de l'enfant dans le cadre d'un contenu manifeste. Ensuite, nous proposerons qu'il est possible d'interpréter le contenu latent de ce jeu en transposant la méthode d'interprétation des rêves grâce aux informations fournies par les parents accompagnan l'enfant. Pour expliquercette technique, nous examinerons un exemple de jeu d'enfants, tiré d'un Lieu d'Accueil pour Enfants et Parents qui adhère aux principes de la Maison Verte AU

How can the dream interpretation method help us to understand the archaic elements present in the play of children from 0 to 4 years old, in a clinical device inspired by the Maison Verte project created by Françoise Dolto? In this article we will describethe similarities between the child's dream and play, particularly regarding to dream-work. We will propose that the same dream mechanisms are present in the child's play as part of a manifest content. Then we will propose that it is possible to interpret the latent content of this play by transposing the dream interpretation method thanks to the information provided by the parents. To explain this technique, we will examine an example of children's play, taken from a Dolto's Maison Verte Project AU

Como o método da interpretação dos sonhos pode nos ajudar a compreender os elementos arcaicos presentes nas brincadeiras das crianças de 0 a 4 anos, em um dispositivo clínico inspirado na Maison Verte criada por Françoise Dolto? Neste artigo, descreveremos as semelhanças entre o sonho e a brincadeira da criança, principalmente no que diz respeito ao trabalho onírico. Proporemos que os mesmos mecanismos oníricos estão presentes na brincadeira da criança como parte de um conteúdo manifesto. Imediatamente propomos que é possível interpretar o conteúdo latente desta brincadeira transpondo o método de interpretação dos sonhos graças às informações fornecidas pelos pais. Para explicar est técnica examinaremos um exemplo de brincadeira infantil, retirado de um Local de Acolhimento para Crianças e Pais que segue os princípios da Maison Verte AU

Correlation of meal timing and interval with glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes

Background: Eating is very essential for life. The timing of food can set all the organs and tissues in the body which relates to food digestion, absorption, and metabolism. Much research performed on many animals proves that food intake is very important which will integrate the peripheral clocks. Consequently, traditional eating habits with a good meal, timing, and interval should be ideal, and not skipping breakfast is very much important in maintaining glucose homeostasis. To make people aware of the meal timing, healthy portion of food components that have to be consumed and the time interval between food, and the importance of morning meals, this study helps to give the same. Aims and Objectives: The study of meal timing and the interval between the meals in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Materials and Methods: Five hundred known cases of Type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled in the study. Reports necessary for glycemic status are collected. Diet history obtained from the patients. Results: Individuals who had their meals at an earlier time and the less time gap between their meals had good control of Diabetes when compared to the persons who had late meals and the increased time gap between the meals. Conclusion: Early or correct meal timings and fewer time intervals between meals will help in the control of Type 2 diabetes. Unhealthy timings of taking the food can lead to a severance in normal homeostasis which can result in unhealthy events. This study helps to be aware of the morbidity associated with their lifestyle habits. Further, it also helps in changing their lifestyle to a healthy eating habit which will help in reducing glycemic index and comorbidities.

Asociación entre distancia de los bordes mediales del recto abdominal y dolor lumbar en estudiantes universitarios

Introducción: El dolor lumbar crónico en los universitarios oscila entre un 12,4 y 75 %. Se evidenció inicialmente que la alteración de la musculatura del recto abdominal puede estar asociada al dolor lumbar. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la distancia de los bordes mediales del músculo recto abdominal y la presencia de dolor lumbar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en estudiantes de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Lima. Se valoraron el dolor lumbar y la distancia entre los bordes mediales del músculo recto abdominal mediante la escala numérica de dolor, índice cintura cadera, el cuestionario nórdico y la escala de Oswestry. Se midió la distancia los bordes mediales del músculo recto abdominal con un Caliper digital. Resultados: La media y desviación estándar de la distancia de los bordes mediales del músculo recto abdominal fue 21,9 ± 3,5. Esta y la diástasis abdominal se asociaron con el dolor lumbar. Conclusiones: Se demostró que la distancia de los rectos abdominales y el dolor lumbar en los estudiantes universitarios guardan relación.

Introduction: Chronic low back pain in university students ranges between 12.4 and 75 %. It was initially evidenced that the alteration of the musculature of the rectus abdominis may be associated with low back pain. Objective: To evaluate the association between the distance from the medial edges of the rectus abdominis muscle and the presence of low back pain. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in students of a private university in the city of Lima. Low back pain and the distance between the medial edges of the rectus abdominis muscle were assessed using the numerical pain scale, the waist-hip index, the Nordic questionnaire and the Oswestry scale. The distance between the medial edges of the rectus abdominis muscle was measured with a digital Caliper. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the distance from the rectus abdominis was 21.9 ± 3.5. This and abdominal diastasis were associated with low back pain. Conclusions: The distance between the medial edges of the rectus abdominis muscle and low back pain in university students was shown to be related.

Difference in liver injury induced by dictamnine between males and females: based on untargeted metabolomics / 中国中药杂志

In recent years, reports of adverse reactions related to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) have been on the rise, especially some traditionally considered "non-toxic" TCM(such as Dictamni Cortex). This has aroused the concern of scholars. This study aims to explore the metabolomic mechanism underlying the difference in liver injury induced by dictamnine between males and females through the experiment on 4-week-old mice. The results showed that the serum biochemical indexes of liver function and organ coefficients were significantly increased by dictamnine(P<0.05), and hepatic alveolar steatosis was mainly observed in female mice. However, no histopathological changes were observed in the male mice. Furthermore, a total of 48 differential metabolites(such as tryptophan, corticosterone, and indole) related to the difference in liver injury between males and females were screened out by untargeted metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis. According to the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve, 14 metabolites were highly correlated with the difference. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis indicated that disorders of metabolic pathways, such as tryptophan metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and ferroptosis(linoleic acid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism), may be the potential mechanism of the difference. Liver injury induced by dictamnine is significantly different between males and females, which may be caused by the disorders of tryptophan metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and ferroptosis pathways.

Research ideas of core formulas-syndromes based on disease-syndrome-treatment combination / 中国中药杂志

The relationship between disease and syndrome is a research focus in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine. Depending on the focus, the disease-syndrome combination for treatment is manifested as the different treatment methods for the same disease and the same treatment method for different diseases based on the syndrome, and different treatment methods for the same syndrome and the same treatment method for different syndromes based on the disease. The mainstream model is the combination of di-sease identification in modern medicine with syndrome identification and core pathogenesis in traditional Chinese medicine. However, current research on the combination of disease and syndrome and core pathogenesis tends to focus on the heterogeneity between disease and syndrome and the separation of syndrome and treatment. Therefore, the study proposed the research idea and model of core formulas-syndromes(CFS). According to the theory of formula-syndrome correspondence, the research idea of CFS deepens the research on core pathogenesis, which aims to summarize the core formulas and syndromes for diseases. The research fields include diagnostic criteria for the indications of formulas, distribution patterns of formulas and syndromes for diseases, the evolution of medicinal-syndrome based on formulas-syndromes, formula combination law based on formulas-syndromes, and the dynamic evolution of formulas-syndromes. Through the summary of ancient classics, clinical experience, and medical records, and with the methods of expert consultation, factor analysis, and clustering analysis, research on the diagnostic criteria for the indications of formulas aims to explore the diagnosis information such as the diseases, symptoms, signs, and pathophysiology. The research on the distribution patterns of formulas and syndromes for diseases tends to summarize the specific types of formulas and syndromes for the diseases through literature research and clinical cross-sectional studies based on the establishment of diagnostic criteria for the indications of formulas. The research on the evolution of medicinal-syndrome aims to clarify the medicinal-syndrome law through literature and clinical research. The formula combination law refers to the fact that the core prescriptions for a disease often appear in combination with other prescriptions on a regular basis. The dynamic evolution of formulas-syndromes refers to the continuous transformation and change of formulas and syndromes in the process of disease development with changes in time and space. The CFS is conducive to the unification of disease, syndrome and treatment and to the deepening of the research model of disease and syndrome integration.

Arrhythmia:innovative understanding from traditional Chinese medicine and treatment by classic herbal formulas / 中国中药杂志

Arrhythmia, a common and frequently occurring cardiovascular disease, causes a heavy burden on the public health of China. Approximately 20 million patients are suffering from this disease in China and treated by pharmacological and surgical therapies. However, antiarrhythmic drugs can cause arrhythmia and surgical treatment has the risks of failure and recurrence. Therefore, the clinical outcome of arrhythmia remains to be improved. According to the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theory, arrhythmia is a disease of palpitation induced by 7 conditions: liver depression and Qi stagnation, accumulation of turbid phlegm, fluid retention attacking the heart, fire-heat disturbing the heart, stasis obstruction of heart vessel, cold congealing in heart vessel, and the deficiency of Qi, blood, Yin, and Yang. Therefore, this study concisely proposed 7 TCM syndromes of arrhythmia, including the palpitation due to depression, phlegm, fluid retention, fire, blood stasis, cold, and deficiency. The corresponding treatment strategies were recommended as follows: Chaihu Longgu Muli Decoction for the palpitation due to depression, Wendan Decoction for the palpitation due to phlegm, Linggui Zhugan Decoction for the palpitation due to fluid retention, Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction for the palpitation due to fire, Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction for the palpitation due to blood stasis, and Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction for the palpitation due to cold, and Guizhi Gancao Decoction, Guizhi Gancao Longgu Muli Decoction, Huanglian Ejiao Decoction, Zhigancao Decoction, and Guipi Decoction for the palpitation due to the deficiency of Qi, blood, Yin, and Yang. Multiple formulas should be combined if the patient presents several TCM syndromes simultaneously. According to the principles of the correspondence between formula and syndrome and the treatment with consideration to both pathogenesis and pathology and both herbal nature and pharmacology, this study proposed an integrated treatment model of "pathogenesis-pathology-nature-pharmacology" to enhance the clinical efficacy of classic herbal formulas in the treatment of arrhythmia.

Research on the appointment system of universities to promote interdisciplinary research from the perspective of comparison between China and the United States / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:This paper focused on the research of the appointment system in interdisciplinary research institutions of world-class universities in China and the United States. The positive effects of different employment and evaluation systems as well as existing problems were sorted out and analyzed, and some suggestions were put forward to optimize and innovate the teacher appointment system and promote the interdisciplinary construction of Chinese universities.Methods:This paper focused on the new teacher appointment system adopted by representative universities in China and the United States to promote the development of interdisciplinary research and used the methods of literature research, questionnaire survey, case analysis, and in-depth interview to sort out and analyze the different systems.Results:Based on the broad perspective of the ″new concept-(artificial) selection-stabilization″ system change, the implementation of an interdisciplinary joint appointment in our country has experienced a stage of ″new concept generation″ at present, but it is still in the stage of ″institution establishment and stabilization″. The personnel management system for teachers engaged in interdisciplinary research still needs to be improved, and there are still outstanding problems in the areas of evaluation and promotion pressure, financial resources guarantee, teachers′ sense of belonging, administrative costs, etc.Conclusions:Referring to the advanced experience at home and abroad, Chinese universities should focus on breaking the barriers of distributing the interests of results, improving interdisciplinary talent evaluation mechanisms, adopting a variety of flexible appointment systems depending on demands, and building a benign flow ecology of interdisciplinary human resources. Apart from these, urgent attention should be paid to improving the administrative work system and interdisciplinary cultural system construction.

Curative effects of Shugan Hewei Zhitong Recipe on chronic gastritis complicated by Helicobacter pylori infection / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the curative effects of Shugan Hewei Zhitong Recipe on chronic gastritis complicated by Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods:Eighty-seven patients with chronic gastritis complicated by Helicobacter pylori infection who received treatment in the Huguosi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China from July 2018 to June 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to undergo treatment with either conventional Western medicine ( n = 43, control group) or Shugan Hewei Zhitong Recipe based on conventional Western medicine ( n = 44, observation group) for 2 weeks. Before and after treatment, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores were compared between the two groups. Curative effects of Shugan Hewei Zhitong Recipe on chronic gastritis complicated by Helicobacter pylori infection were evaluated. Results:Total response rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [91% (40/44) vs. 72% (31/43), χ2 = 5.13, P = 0.024]. In each group, the traditional Chinese medicine symptom score post-treatment was significantly lower than the traditional Chinese medicine symptom score pre-treatment (both P < 0.001). After treatment, the traditional Chinese medicine score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P < 0.05). There were no adverse reactions in each group. Conclusion:Shugan Hewei Zhitong Recipe is safe and effective on chronic gastritis complicated by Helicobacter pylori infection, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Path analysis of the influence of shared decision-making between doctors and patients on psychological stress among patients with coronary heart disease / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of psychological stress in patients with coronary heart disease, and the effect path of joint decision-making between doctors and patients on psychological stress and to provide reference for the formulation of management plan for physical and mental health of patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:From July 2017 to April 2022, 715 retired patients with coronary heart disease hospitalized in General Hospital of the People′s Liberation Army and Air Force Hospital in Western Military Theater of the People′s Liberation Army were investigated adopted cross-sectional survey method by simple random sampling using general information questionnaire, Stress Response Questionnaire, Shared Decision-making Questionnaire between Doctors and Patients, Uncertainty in Illness Scale and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire. By using structural equation modeling, the direct and indirect influence paths of shared decision-making between doctors and patients on psychological stress were analyzed.Results:The scores of psychological stress, shared decision-making, uncertainty in illness, positive coping style and negative coping style were 49.81 ± 11.06, 79.24 ± 8.68, 76.40 ± 12.56, 21.67 ± 5.51 and 8.90 ± 3.12. Correlation analysis showed that the scores of psychological stress were positively correlated with the scores of uncertainty in illness and negative coping style ( r=0.661, 0.591, both P<0.01), and negatively correlated with the scores of shared decision-making between doctors and patients and positive coping style ( r=-0.623, -0.451, both P<0.01). Path analysis showed that shared decision-making between doctors and patients had a direct effect on psychological stress, accounting for 23.81% of the total effect; the uncertainty in illness, positive coping style and negative coping style played a part of intermediary role between the joint decision-making between doctors and patients and psychological stress, accounting for 32.35%, 8.40% and 17.93% of the total effect respectively; the uncertainty in illness and negative coping style had a chain mediating effect between them, accounting for 17.51% of the total effect. Conclusions:It suggests that the shared decision-making between doctors and patients with coronary heart disease is not only directly related to psychological stress, but also indirectly related to psychological stress through uncertainty in illness and coping style, among which coping style may play a role of "pivot" to a certain extent.

Literature review and prospect on oral cognition and disease diagnosis and treatment between Han and Tang dynasties / 华西口腔医学杂志

Chinese medicine entered a significant period from foundation to maturity between Han and Tang dynasties when the Chinese traditional stomatology was a key stage. Sorting and analysis of existing literature and research outcomes have showed that current research on stomatology between Han and Tang dynasties focuses on oral physiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment, and health care. It also involves stomatology history and explanation of termino-logies related to mouth and teeth recorded in medical books, use of simple methods, and thinking with citation and analysis of literature simply listed and reasoning preliminarily deducted. From the macro perspective, current research has not unveiled the whole picture of stomatology between the two dynasties and left a series of key issues unresolved. Thus, new methods should be developed and employed to carry out medical research on stomatology between Han and Tang dynasties given that is has a prosperous future.

Characteristics of HIV-infected persons and their spouses who became HIV-positive in HIV discordant couples in Dehong Prefecture， Yunnan Province / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo determine the characteristics， viral load and immunological status of HIV-infected persons and their spouses who became HIV-positive， and the reasons for HIV seroconversion in 55 HIV discordant couples in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture （Dehong Prefecture）， Yunan Province. MethodsData on the 55 couples meeting the criteria of having a previously positive spouse were retrieved from the AIDS Integrated Prevention and Control Data Information System of the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System during 2015-2021. General socio-demographic information， age at diagnosis， exposure history， CD4+T lymphocyte count， and antiviral treatment were collected. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were used to compare the distribution of pre-HIV-positive spouses and their HIV seroconverted spouses. ResultsA total of 55 spouses from HIV discordant couples had HIV seroconversion. Of them， 72.7% （40/55） of pre-HIV-positive spouses were husbands. The most recent CD4+T lymphocyte count in the pre-HIV-positive spouses was （328.31±246.27） cells·μL-1 at the time of diagnosis of their seroconverted spouses， of which 36.3% （20/55） had a CD4+T lymphocyte count of less than 200 cells·μL-1. Furthermore， of those pre-HIV-positive spouses with low CD4+T lymphocyte count， 45.0% （9/20） had an undetectable viral load， 15.0% （3/20） <400 copies·mL-1， and 25.0%（5/20） ≥400 copies·mL-1. Additionally， 16.4% （9/55） of the pre-HIV-positive spouses did not have a viral load test. The main reasons for HIV seroconversion among HIV-negative spouses in the discordant couples were poor condom use， poor compliance with antiviral therapy， and treatment discontinuation. ConclusionThe follow-up management of HIV discordant couples should be strengthened in Dehong Prefecture， especially the monitoring of viral load levels and immunological status of pre-HIV-positive spouses， to improve their compliance with antiviral therapy and reduce treatment discontinuation， which would effectively prevent and control HIV transmission between spouses.

Investigation on the exchange of incense and medicine along the Silk Road from the perspective of medical archaeology / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

From the perspective of medical archaeology, on the basis of sorting out the relevant archaeological findings, and starting from the diachronic nature of spice exchange, this paper divides the development of ancient Chinese fragrant drugs into the occurrence period (pre Qin), the development period (Qin and Han dynasties), the maturity period (Wei, Jin and Tang dynasties), the prosperity period (Song and Yuan dynasties), and the popularity period (Ming and Qing dynasties). The Silk Road has played a vital role in promoting the exchange of fragrant medicine culture. Since the opening of the Silk Road in the Han Dynasty, fragrant drugs from Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, and the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea have been imported into China. The exchange of fragrant medicine culture coincides with the development trend of the Silk Road. This kind of exchange has a two-way nature. While foreign fragrant drugs are continuously imported into China, Chinese medical concepts and technologies are also promoted abroad. The impact of the exchange has many effects. It has not only promoted the progress of medicine, but also promoted the friendly exchanges between China and foreign countries and the mutual dissemination of ideas and cultures, and greatly enriched the material and cultural life of the people of all countries.

Exploration on Cognitive Differences and Improvement Approaches of "Internet+" Doctor-patient Relationship from the Dual Perspective of Doctors and Patients / 中国医学伦理学

The multi-dimensional embedding of "Internet+" has led to new evolutions in the operating environment, service methods, interpersonal relationships. in the medical field, and promoted the transformation of the traditional face-to-face consultation and the physician-dominated interaction model. Based on the dual perspective of doctors and patients, taking the demands of stakeholders under "Internet+Medical" as entry point, this paper analyzed the dual impact of "Internet+" on the doctor-patient relationship and explored the reconstruction countermeasures of doctor-patient relationship under "Internet+". This paper found that the doctors’ cognition of "Internet+Medical" was not high, leading to the limited scope of service supply, patients had a low awareness of "Internet+Medical", resulting in a narrow range of service audiences, "Internet+Medical" helped to improve the accessibility of resources and had the possibility of increasing risks for both doctors and patients. In response, some countermeasures were proposed, including strengthening the government’s supervision and management to promote the online safe interaction and orderly communication between doctors and patients, strictly investigating the qualifications of doctors and information management on internet platforms to protect the legitimate rights and interests of both doctors and patients, cultivating doctors’ medical humanistic literacy to improve the non-technical communication relationship between doctors and patients, enhancing patients’ personal health literacy and maintaining appropriate expectations of doctors and services, adhering to the appropriate expectations of doctors and services, and urging the media to promote and report objectively and impartially to create a good atmosphere of mutual trust between doctors and patients.

Treatment of Lung Cancer Based on Theory of "Generation of Five Elements" of Lung， Spleen， and Kidney / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Primary lung cancer， as one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and the top leading cause of cancer death worldwide， has seriously endangered human life. In China， due to regional differences， although the impact of lung cancer on different regions is different， it still has the highest mortality among malignant tumors. Western medicine often has certain limitations in the treatment of lung cancer. At present， the combination of western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） or the direct application of TCM has become an inevitable trend in the treatment of lung cancer. TCM treatment is guided by the holistic view， which includes the view of integration of the five internal organs and the integration of the body and spirit. Therefore， the treatment of lung cancer in TCM emphasizes that although the disease is located in one organ， the whole body should be treated， which corresponds to the theory of the view of integration of the five internal organs. In addition to the lung in the treatment of lung cancer， the spleen and kidney should also be treated. The lung， spleen， and kidney correspond to metal， earth， and water， respectively on the five elements. According to the generation relationship of the five elements， since earth generates metal and metal generates water， earth is the mother of metal and water is the child of metal. Therefore， benefiting fire （kidney） can replenish earth. Tonifying the mother and son of the lung can treat lung diseases， reflecting mutual generation and transformation and ceaseless generation and transformation. Long-term consumption of Qi by lung cancer can affect mother-organ. In the context of disorder of child-organ affecting mother-organ， mother-organ should be tonified in the face of deficiency. The treatment principle of banking up earth to generate metal should be followed to reinforce healthy Qi and treat the root. Effulgent earth can promote the generation of metal and the syndrome of lung deficiency can be resolve. The lung and kidney deficiency is an important factor in the incidence of lung cancer. Yin deficiency for a long time can hinder the generation of water by metal， resulting in failure of water in moistening metal， so both mother organ and child organ should be tonified. The treatment principle of mutual generation between metal and water should be employed to moisten the kidney and lung， thereby facilitating the vigorous ventilation and descending of the lung. The spleen is the mother organ of the lung， and the kidney is the child organ of the lung. Long-term lung cancer causes the deficiency of the mother and child organs， so the treatment principle of replenishing fire to nourish earth should be adopted to benefit the kidney and tonify the spleen. Therefore， innate basis and acquired foundation are both filled， and the lung can be regulated properly. When the lung， spleen， and kidney are harmonized， the generation and transformation of Qi and blood are active， and the Yin and Yang of Qi and blood are balanced， so the self-rehabilitation ability of the body is ensured， and the treatment of lung cancer will achieve a good curative effect. According to the holistic view of TCM， the whole body should be regulated to treat lung cancer. The lung， spleen， and kidney are all treated in the treatment of lung cancer. With the lung， spleen， and kidney as the central axis， the treatment principles of banking up earth to generate metal， replenishing fire to nourish earth， and mutual generation between metal and water should be followed in the treatment of lung cancer， and a good therapeutic effect can be achieved.

Discussion on the concept of collaboration between clinical pharmacists and physicians in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To make up the research gap of the concept of collaboration between clinical pharmacists and physicians in China， and to provide a theoretical basis for further improving the collaboration. METHODS Literature analysis was used to sort out the existing concepts of collaboration. Combined with the current practice and development trend of the collaboration between clinical pharmacists and physicians in China， the basic elements of the concept were deconstructed and the connotation of each component of the concept was explained in detail. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Based on the above theoretical research and practical analysis， the concept of collaboration between clinical pharmacists and physicians in the context of China was defined， that is， clinical pharmacists and physicians adhere to the patient-centered and rational drug use as the core in clinical drug therapy， and make joint decisions on drug management and drug therapy on the basis of communication， respect， trust and sharing， so as to ensure the effectiveness， safety and economy of clinical pharmaceutical care， and improve the coordination and cooperation process of comprehensive disease treatment system.