Integración de la tecnología informática en la formación docente en la universidad del sector público de Pakistán / Integration of computer technology in teacher education at Pakistan public sector university

Introduction: Qualitative case study aims to explore the perceived practices of teacher educators about technology integration in their pedagogical engagement in B. Ed (Hons), elementary program offered by a public sector mountainous university in Pakistan. Objective: To explore the practices perceived by university teachers on the Integration of Computer Technology in Teacher Education to achieve the learning outcomes of the new four-year model B. Ed, to enable educators to improve their academic competence, and related professional competence, in the current, ongoing climate of educational reform. Methods: Qualitative case study research, theoretical and empirical methods were used; semi-structured and open Skype interviews were applied, based on an intentional sample of two teachers. Results: the teachers integrated computer technology in their teaching but the nature of integration was superficial. Conclusions: The new four-year model B. Ed used, was based in teacher-centered instead of learner-centered, the level of integration was symbolic. The institutional conditions in terms of resources, proficient level of knowledge and skills presented weaknesses, and improper organizational arrangements for technology integration in teaching. Authors recommended developing teachers' knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge of computer technology to improve 'essential conditions' required for successful integration of technology in teaching(AU)

Introducción: Estudio de caso, cualitativo, que tiene como objetivo explorar las prácticas percibidas de los profesores educadores sobre la integración de la tecnología en su compromiso pedagógico en B. Ed (Hons), programa elemental ofrecido por una universidad montañosa del sector público en Pakistán para permitir a los educadores mejorar su competencia académica y la competencia profesional relacionada, en el clima actual y continuo de reforma educativa. Objetivo: Explorar las prácticas percibidas por los docentes universitarios sobre la integración de la tecnología informática en la formación docente para lograr los resultados de aprendizaje del nuevo modelo de cuatro años. B. Ed. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa de estudio de caso, se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos; se aplicaron entrevistas en Skype semiestructuradas y abiertas, a partir de una muestra intencional de dos maestros. Resultados: Los profesores integraron la tecnología informática en su enseñanza, pero la naturaleza de la integración fue superficial. Las condiciones institucionales en términos de recursos, nivel competente de conocimiento y habilidades presentaron debilidades, e identificaron arreglos organizativos impropios para la integración de la tecnología en la enseñanza. Conclusiones: El nuevo modelo de cuatro años que usó B. Ed se basó en un modelo centrado en el profesor, en lugar de centrado en el alumno, el nivel de integración fue simbólico. Los autores recomendaron desarrollar el conocimiento de los docentes y del contenido pedagógico de la tecnología informática para mejorar las "condiciones esenciales" necesarias para la integración exitosa de la tecnología en la enseñanza(AU)

Uso de recursos TIC en la enseñanza de las matemáticas: retos y perspectivas / Use of resources TIC in the education of the mathematics: challenges and perspectives / Uso de recursos de TIC no ensino de matemática: desafios e perspectivas

RESUMEN El presente artículo muestra la revisión de literatura en cuanto al uso de recursos tecnológicos en procesos de enseñanza - aprendizaje de las matemáticas en distintos contextos de formación con el fin de identificar cuáles son los aspectos teóricos y tecnológicos que se deben tener en cuenta para la creación de estos recursos, cuál ha sido el impacto de su aplicación y cuáles son los retos y perspectivas que se presentan en este campo de trabajo. Se hizo una revisión de 33 referencias seleccionadas después de una búsqueda en bases de datos aplicando ciertos criterios de inclusión y de exclusión y también una revisión de otros trabajos referenciados en estas mismas. Se concluye que el uso de este tipo de recursos en clases de matemáticas tiene un impacto positivo en los estudiantes, sin embargo hace falta realizar estudios que profundicen más respecto a este impacto en periodos más amplios de tiempo. Se plantea que para lograr aprendizajes significativos de la matemática utilizando recursos tecnológicos es necesario articular en los currículos de formación las competencias comunicativas y tecnológicas, no solo en los estudiantes sino también en los docentes quienes deben transformar los métodos tradiciones de enseñanza de esta área.

ABSTRACT The present article shows the literature review to the use of thecnological resources, these in the mathematics processes of education - learning in different academic training context. In order to identify first of all which are the theoretical and technological aspects that must be taken into consideration for the creation of these resources; second which has been the impact of its application and third which are the challenges and perspectives that are presented in this field work. After a search on the databases one revision of 33 selected references were made applying certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Beside, one revision of other similar reference works were made selected references were made applying certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Beside, one revision of other similar reference works were made. It follows that the use of this kind of resources in mathematic classes have a positive impact on students learning. However, it is necessary to have additional studies which emphasize in this impact for longer period of time. It is argued that in order to achieve meaningful learning of mathematic knowledge through technological resources it is necessary to articulate the communicative and technological competences in the curriculum design, not only in the students but also in the teachers who must transform the teaching methods of this area.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre o uso de recursos tecnológicos no ensino - aprendizagem da matemática em diferentes contextos de formação, a fim de identificar os aspectos teóricos e tecnológicos que devem ser considerados para a criação são desses recursos, qual tem sido o impacto de sua aplicação e quais os desafios e perspectivas que surgem nesse campo de trabalho. Uma revisão de 33 referências selecionadas foi feita após uma busca em bases de dados aplicando certos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e também uma revisão de outros trabalhos referenciados neles. Conclui-se que o uso desses recursos nas aulas de matemática tem um impacto positivo sobre os alunos, no entanto estudos devem aprofundar mais sobre este impacto sobre longos períodos de tempo. Argumenta-se que, para alcançar a aprendizagem significativa da matemática usando recursos tecnológicos necessários para articular nos currículos de formação competência comunicativa e tecnológico, não só estudantes, mas também professores que devem transformar as tradições desta métodos de ensino da área.

Application and Thinking of Computer Technology in the Field of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国中医药信息杂志

Computer technology is one of the greatest achievements of the 20th Century. Its appearance not only brings a breakthrough development in various fields, but also brings promotion to the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). TCM is a traditional medicine, and the modernization of TCM is urgent. Whether in the medical management or scientific research, the application of computer technology has penetrated into all levels. The following article described the contribution made by computer technology, pointed out possible problems and provided relevant thinking based on the application of TCM related systems and data mining technology.

Atitudes dos estudantes de enfermagem para os computadores nos cuidados de saúde: uma análise comparativa / Nursing students? attitudes towards computers in health care: a comparative analysis / Actitudes de los estudiantes de enfermería hacia los equipos de atención de la salud: un análisiscomparativo

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of basic computer course related to Nursing Students? attitudes towards usage of computers in health care. Cross sectional descriptive design was adopted among purposively selected undergraduates (n=161) to complete self reported questionnaires. Students that completed computer course were found to have positive attitudes as they agreed that ?computers are great solving tools? (÷2 = 9.663, p < .047), and ?computers are natural to use in health care? (÷2 = 11.623, p < .020) than the participants who have not undergone formal instruction in computer course. Contrary to these findings the participants who did not undergo computer training were felt that ?Computers are frustrating to use? (÷2 =9.930, p < .042) and they become restless when they think of using computer? (÷2 = 15.149, p < .004). The findings suggest that integration of informatics throughout curriculum with increasing levels of difficulty is needed...

O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a eficácia do curso de informática básica realcionado com as atitudes dos alunos de enfermagem no uso de computadores na área da saúde. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal onde foram selecionados propositadamente graduandos (n = 161) para completar o questionário. Os resultados mostram que alunos que completaram o curso de informática tiveram atitudes positivas e concordaram que ?os computadores são grandes ferramentas de resolução ? ( ÷2 = 9,663 , p < .047 ), e ? os computadores são naturais para uso em cuidados de saúde? ( ÷2 = 11,623 , p < 0,020 ) comparados aos alunos que não tiveram instrução formal em curso de informática. Contrariamente a estes resultados os participantes que não realizaram treinamento em informática afirmaram que os computadores são frustrantes de usar (÷2 = 9,930 , p < 0,042 ) e que tornam-se inquietos ao ter que usar o computador ( ÷2 = 15,149 , p < .004). Pode se concluir que é necessário haver a integração da informática em todo currículo com níveis crescentes de dificuldade...

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la efectividad del curso realcionado equipo básico con las actitudes de los estudiantes de enfermería en el uso de computadoras en la asistencia sanitaria. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal que se seleccionaron deliberadamente estudiantes ( n = 161 ) para completar el cuestionario. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes que completaron el curso de informática tenían actitudes positivas y acordaron que ? las computadoras son una gran herramienta para la resolución ? ( ÷2 = 9,663 , p < 0,047 ), y ? las computadoras son para uso en el cuidado natural de la salud ? ( ÷2 = 11,623 , p < 0,020 ) en comparación con los estudiantes que no han recibido instrucción formal en curso de informática . Contrariamente a estos resultados, los participantes que no se sometieron a la formación informática dijo que las computadoras son frustrantes para usarse ( ÷2 = 9,930 , p < 0,042) ; volverse inquietos al tener que utilizar el ordenador ?( ÷2 = 15,149 , p < 0,004 ) . Por consiguiente, se puede concluir que es necesario que haya integración de las tecnologías de la información a través del currículo con el aumento de los niveles de dificultad...

Telementoring systems in the operating room: a new approach in medical training / "Telementoring" en el quirófano: un nuevo enfoque en la formación médica

This paper discusses the challenges and innovations related to the use of telementoring systems in the operating room. Most of the systems presented leverage on three types of interaction channels: audio, visual and physical. The audio channel enables the mentor to verbally instruct the trainee, and allows the trainee to ask questions. The visual channel is used to deliver annotations, alerts and other messages graphically to the trainee during the surgery. These visual representations are often displayed through a telestrator. The physical channel has been used in laparoscopic procedures by partially controlling the laparoscope through force-feedback. While in face to face instruction, the mentor produces gestures to convey certain aspects of the surgical instruction, there is not equivalent of this form of physical interaction between the mentor and trainee in open surgical procedures in telementoring systems. Even that the trend is to perform more minimally invasive surgery (MIS), trauma surgeries are still necessary, where initial resuscitation and stabilization of the patient in a timely manner is crucial. This paper presents a preliminary study conducted at the Indiana University Medical School and Purdue University, where initial lexicons of surgical instructive gestures (SIGs) were determined through systematic observation when mentor and trainee operate together. The paper concludes with potential ways to convey gestural information through surgical robots.

Este artículo discute los desafíos e innovaciones relacionadas al uso de sistemas de tutoría en telecirugía (telementoring). La mayoría de los sistemas presentados se basan en tres tipos de canales de interacción: auditivo, visual y físico. El canal auditivo permite al instructor instruir verbalmente al alumno, y a este último hacer preguntas. El canal visual es usado para transmitir al alumno anotaciones, alertas y otro tipo de mensajes gráficos durante la cirugía. Estas representaciones visuales aparecen en un marcador de vídeo (telestrator). El canal físico ha sido usado en cirugías laparoscópicas por medio de retroalimentador de fuerza (forcefeedback). Mientras que en la instrucción cara a cara, el instructor hace gestos para transmitir ciertos aspectos de la instrucción quirúrgica, esta forma de interacción no tiene un equivalente en la interacción entre instructor y alumno en sistemas de telementoring. Si bien la tendencia es conducir procedimientos mínimamente invasivos (MIS) con estos sistemas, se deben tener en cuenta cirugías de trauma, todavía necesarias, especialmente donde la resucitación inicial y estabilización del paciente es un tema crítico y urgente. Este artículo presenta un estudio preliminar conducido en la Escuela de Medicina de Indiana (EE.UU.) y en la Universidad Purdue, donde el vocabulario de gestos (lexicons) usados en instrucción quirúrgica (SIGs) se determinaron por medio de observaciones sistemáticas mientras el instructor y el alumno operaban juntos. Se concluye discutiendo maneras alternativas de presentar esta información de gestos por medio de robots quirúrgicos.

Comparación de dos softwares en histología humana, como utilización complementaria a la enseñanza tradicional / Comparison of two human histology software as complementary use in traditional education

Actualmente, la formación de profesionales en la Educación Superior desafía a los docentes a incorporar en sus prácticas de enseñanza no solamente el dominio de contenido disciplinario puro, además, les exige competencias asociadas a la apropiación de conocimientos didácticos para guiar el saber disciplinario. El siguiente estudio pretende aportar con nuevas metodologías de aprendizaje en forma de softwares didácticos para los estudiantes que cursan la asignatura de Histología, de la carrera de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de Salud de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile. Estos módulos interactivos se crearon como apoyo a las clases tradicionales de pasos prácticos con observación al microscopio. Para desarrollar el primer módulo, un total de 200 imágenes fueron digitalizadas a formato JPG. A partir de estas imágenes se realizaron presentaciones con animación personalizada, la que fue llevada al programa Adobe Flash Player creando así al primer software titulado "Módulo Histológico". Al módulo inicial incorporamos información funcional de las preparaciones histológicas, además de mapas conceptuales. Esta innovación resultó especialmente atractiva y decidimos modificar el primer software, creando el segundo programa titulado "Modulo Histofuncional". Para comparar la percepción de los estudiantes sobre ambos módulos se realizó una encuesta de opinión voluntaria y anónima, previamente validada, que contenía preguntas sobre factores relacionados con: contenido, motivación, utilidad, calidad y cantidad. Las respuestas fueron evaluadas a través de una escala de Likert. Los resultados reflejaron objetivamente la recepción favorable que ha tenido el Modulo Histofuncional por parte de nuestros estudiantes. Esto, probablemente, debido a que este software logra integrar el conocimiento de las estructuras con su función, entregando significancia, facilitando el aprendizaje y motivando a los alumnos en el estudio de la Histología.

At present, the training of professionals in Higher Education challenges docents to incorporate in their teaching practice, not only expertise of pure disciplinary content, it also calls for associated aptitudes of didactic knowledge to guide the disciplinary knowledge. This study intends to contribute new teaching methodologies in the form of didactic software for Histology students in the Nursing Degree program, Faculty of Health Sciences of the Universidad Autónoma De Chile. These interactive modules were created as support for traditional classes and practical steps with microscopic observation. For the development of the first module, a total of 200 images were digitalized in JPG format. From those images presentations with personal animation were realized, which were then converted to Adobe Flash Player thus creating the first software entitled "Histological Module". We incorporated functional information to the initial module of histological preparation in addition to concept maps. This innovation was particularly attractive and we decided to modify the initial software, thereby creating the second program entitled "Histo-functional Module". To compare student perception on both modules a previously validated, voluntary and anonymous opinion survey was carried out that included questions on factors related to: content, motivation, utility, quality and quantity. Responses were evaluated by Likert scale. Results objectively reflected the favorable acceptance that the histo-functional Module has had on the part of our students. This is probably the result of this software integrating knowledge of structures and their function, affording it meaning and facilitating learning as well as motivating students in the study of histology.

Formação continuada de professores em informática na Educação Especial: análise de dissertações e teses / Teacher education for computer technology in Special Education: analysis of theses and dissertations

O estudo ora apresentado tem por objetivo mapear trabalhos realizados no âmbito de dissertações e teses brasileiras que tematizam a formação continuada de professores em Informática na Educação Especial. É decorrente de uma pesquisa cujo foco investigativo era a avaliação dos cursos de formação continuada a distância de professores para a Educação Básica no Brasil. Por meio do método de revisão sistemática de Davies, apresentamos um mapeamento das dissertações e teses disponíveis no Banco de Teses da CAPES que versam sobre a temática em pauta no período de 1990 a 2009. Realizamos uma leitura flutuante dos resumos, títulos e palavras-chaves, o que permitiu selecionar três teses e 34 dissertações, que, por sua vez, foram agrupadas e discutidas a partir de quatro grandes categorias. Outras análises e categorizações permitiram identificar algumas das principais preocupações dos pesquisadores brasileiros nesse período, ao mesmo tempo em que possibilitaram inferir que há um crescimento pouco significativo em trabalhos na temática. Também é possível inferir que ainda há poucas pesquisas problematizando a formação continuada de professores (oito dissertações) e o uso didático-pedagógico de recursos informáticos na educação (seis dissertações), dois aspectos fundamentais para garantir a inclusão da Diversidade de Necessidades Especiais.

This study aimed to map studies done in the sphere of Brazilian theses and dissertations that focus on Computer Sciences in Special Education. This paper is one of the results of an earlier study on the evaluation of further education and distance education courses for teachers of basic education in Brazil. Using the Davies' systematic review method, we mapped Brazilian theses and dissertations available on the CAPES' Repository of Theses published between 1990 and 2009 and that related to this issue. We carried out fluctuating reading of abstracts, titles, and keywords, which enabled us to select 34 dissertations and three theses, grouped and discussed in four major categories. Other analyses and categorizations enabled us to identify some of the major concerns of Brazilian researchers during this period; they also lead us to infer that the increase in studies on this theme is negligible. We were able to detect that there are few studies related to further education (8 dissertations) and to the didactical use of computer resources in education (6 dissertations), both of which are essential for enabling inclusion of diversity of special needs.

Exploration of Computer Laboratory Teaching Method in Medical College / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Computer laboratory teaching is the most important method to train the computer operating skills of medical students.Therefore,we have attempted the student-centered open-laboratory teaching model.This teaching model can train the computer operating skills and creative ability of students in medical college.

The Application of Computer Technology in the Function Experiment Teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

With the rapid development of science and the education modernization project,the computer technology being introduced in function experiment teaching process is the significant measure in medical education reform.With the aid of the computer technology and the network technology,we can realize the medical education information teaching pattern.The computer will play the pivotal role either in the basic medicine teaching or in the experimental teaching,.

Application of Internet to Neurosurgery

OBJECTIVE: Thanks to the development of combining computer technology and communications, the concept of communications is undergoing radical changes. Using this method of communicating we have developed an Internet homepage of our department and another designated Medmark-neurosurgery. This homepage will be used to educate not only patients with neurosurgical disorders, but also residents in the neurosurgical field. It will be a forum for physicians to communicate among each other to discuss new skills, keep abreast of current develop-ments and share resources to enhance their practices. METHODS: The Internet homepage resources reside on an Alpha 1000 and local area networking system. Microsoft Windows NT and 95 were applied for both server and client use. Software for client use is also included. Uniform resource locator is SCHUH-neurosurgery is'http://hosp.sch.sch.ac.kr/ns' and for Medmark-neurosurgery it is'http://medmark.org/ns'. Material intended specifically for the neurosurgeon is classified and will be loaded on the server. RESULTS: The SCHUH-neurosurgery site had 3862 accesses for 2 years. The main page showed clinical, research and educational information. Personal homepage showed curriculum vitae, publications, research and clinical interest. It has been found to be very useful in communicating with neurosurgeons worldwide. The Medmark-neurosurgery homepage categorized 200 sites as 23 general information(23%), 9 consumer(4.5%), 8 association(4.0%), 56 departments(28%), 6 journals(3.0%), and 98 specialty(49%). Among the specialty sites were anatomy, tumor, vascular subcategories and much more information. CONCLUSIONS: We will present ideas on current and future applications of the Internet homepage in reference to neurosurgery with a comprehensive list of neurosurgical resources available on the Internet.

The Cardiology Patient Simulator and its Educational Effect on Clinical Skills / 医学教育

High-technology diagnostic instruments have advanced markedly in recent years. However, young physicians and clinicians tend to become too dependent on these sophisticated instruments and neglect the importance of bedside clinical skills. I report about a new multimedia cardiology patient simulator, recently developed through the application of new digital and computer technology, that is able to play back selected physical findings (jugular venous waves ; arterial pulses of carotid, brachial, radial and femoral arteries ; and cardiac impulses), cardiac sounds and murmurs, and respiratory sounds that have been recorded from actual patients. The examiners use an ordinary stethoscope. This simulator effectively improves the bedside clinical skills of medical students, nurses, and general physicians. This simulator will soon become an essential tool for the bedside medical training of physicians, medical students, nurses, and paramedics throughout the world.

Application of computer technology to developing physical therapy instrument for bone injury / 医疗卫生装备

According to the principle of physical therapy, this paper discusses the feasibility to apply electromagnetic physiotherapy technology and IF modulation current technology to developing the computerized physical therapy instrument for bone injury. Such information of the instrument is introduced as its function, design principle, hardware structure and program composition.