O cuidado infantil no pensamento winnicottiano à luz da Psicologia Psicanalítica Concreta / Infant care in winnicottian thought in the light of Concrete Psychoanalytic Psychology / El cuidado infantil en el pensamiento winnicottiano a la luz de la Psicología Psicoanalítica Concreta

Este texto objetiva demonstrar e debater, à luz da psicologia psicanalítica concreta, uma contradição vigente no pensamento winnicottiano, expressa pela coexistência de duas visões acerca do cuidado infantil e da maternidade. Organiza-se em três seções. Na primeira, apresenta a psicologia psicanalítica concreta como referencial teórico. Na segunda, explicita e detalha a contradição do pensamento winnicottiano sobre cuidado infantil e maternidade. Na terceira, articula uma leitura do texto winnicottiano a partir da psicologia psicanalítica concreta, situando-a como convergente com a ontologia do ser social de Lukács. Por fim, indica a possibilidade de conhecimentos psicanalíticos colocarem-se a serviço de iniciativas a favor de transformações sociais que buscam superação de visões essencialistas sobre a maternidade.

The aim of this article is to demonstrate and debate, in the light of concrete psychoanalytic psychology, a current contradiction in winnicottian thought expressed by the coexistence of two visions over infant care and motherhood. The reflections on the matter are shown in three sections. Firstly, concrete psychoanalytic psychology as a theoretical framework is set. Secondly, explanation and details on the contradiction of winnicottian thinking about infant care and motherhood are discussed. Thirdly, the articulation on a view of a winnicottian's text from the point of view of concrete psychoanalytic psychology placing it as convergent with Lukács's ontology of social being is presented. Finally, the possibility of psychoanalytic knowledge being put at the service of initiatives in favor of social transformations seeking to overcome essentialist views on motherhood is indicated.

Este texto pretende demostrar y debatir, bajo la égida de la psicología psicoanalítica concreta, una contradicción imperante en el pensamiento de Winnicott, expresada por la coexistencia de dos visiones sobre el cuidado infantil y la maternidad. Está organizado en tres secciones. En la primera, presenta la psicología psicoanalítica concreta como marco teórico. En la segunda, explica y detalla la contradicción del pensamiento de Winnicott sobre el cuidado infantil y la maternidad. En la tercera, articula una lectura del texto winnicottiano basada en la psicología psicoanalítica concreta, situándolo como convergente con la ontología del ser social de Lukács. Finalmente, indica la posibilidad de poner el conocimiento psicoanalítico al servicio de iniciativas a favor de cambios sociales que busquen superar las visiones esencialistas sobre la maternidad.

Shielding performance of six different types of concrete in proton therapy room / 中国辐射卫生

@#<b>Objective</b> To study the dose level of proton beams outside the main shield of the 230 MeV proton therapy room with six different types of concrete as the main wall, and to obtain the shielding performance of six different types of concrete. <b>Methods</b> The FLUKA program was used to build a calculation model, and different concrete compositions were introduced into the FLUKA program to simulate the change in ambient dose equivalent rate of the focus with concrete thickness under 230 MeV proton beam irradiation. The transmission curves of six different types of concrete were fitted to obtain shielding performance parameters. <b>Results</b> On the condition that the 230 MeV proton beam irradiated to the water target in 90° direction and the concrete thickness exceeded 40 cm, the proton beam was exponentially decayed for six different types of concrete, and the fitted decay curves had a <i>R</i>² of > 0.99. The linear attenuation coefficients for normal concrete, barite concrete, magnetite concrete, limonite concrete, phosphorite concrete, and ferrosilicate concrete were 0.0148 cm⁻¹, 0.0172 cm⁻¹, 0.0196 cm⁻¹, 0.0219 cm⁻¹, 0.0256 cm⁻¹, and 0.0290 cm⁻¹, respectively. <b>Conclusion</b> The composition and proportion of elements in concrete materials directly affect the shielding ability of concrete against proton beams to a large extent, and the shielding performance of six different types of concrete against proton beams varies greatly. Therefore, shielding materials for the proton therapy room should be selected by a comprehensive consideration of the material compositions and shielding performance of concrete, the difficulty of construction, and construction cost.

Discussion of radiation shielding optimization for proton cyclotron therapy system plants / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To explore the radiation shielding optimization plan for a medical proton cyclotron developing and commissioning building at various commissioning stages. Methods According to the maximum source termsat different commissioning stages, we used the empirical formula to estimate the instantaneous dose rate at the point of interest outside the shield of the building, and optimized the building’s shielding ateach commissioning stage. Results When adding 1.0 m mobile concrete shielding blocks (“blocks” below) each to wall 3 and wall 4 at the cyclotron commissioning stage, 1.0 m blocks to wall 4 and 1.25 m blocks to wall 5 at the beam transport line commissioning stage, and 1.0 m blocks to wall 9 and 0.4 m blocks to the ceiling at the simulated treatment room commissioning stage, the dose rates at the points of interest outside the shield could meet the dose rate limit requirements. Conclusion The application of mobile concrete shielding blocks not only meets the shielding requirements, but also has economical and space-saving advantages, conforming to the principle of shielding optimization. This can be an approach to the optimization of radiation shielding for high-energy particle accelerators or similar scientific projects.

De G. Politzer et sa critique de l'inconscient de Freud au a-réalisme de J. Lacan / From G. Politzer and his critique of Freud's unconscious to J. Lacan's a-realism / De G. Politzer e sua crítica ao inconsciente de Freud ao a-realismo de J. Lacan / De G. Politzer y su critica al inconsciente de Freud al a-realismo de J. Lacan

En 1928, dans sa « Critique des Fondements de la Psychologie ¼, G. Politzer esquisse les traits d'une psychologie qui vise à réformer la psychologie expérimentale universitaire. S'appuyant sur la théorie des rêves de Freud, Politzer présente une conception de la psychologie tout à fait inédite à son époque. Lacan s'inspirera de ses travaux pour sa thèse sur la paranoïa, participant d'un débat violent au sein du mouvement communiste partagé entre anti-freudisme et freudo-marxisme. En donnant une place essentielle à la parole et au récit, Politzer revendiquait une psychologie concrète. Son refus de la doctrine freudienne, selon lui tributaire de la tradition métaphysique de la psychologie, incluait aussi l'hypothèse de l'inconscient dans une sévère critique du réalisme, inclusion qui ne sera pourtant jamais accepté par Lacan qui s'y opposera avec la prémisse que l'inconscient est structuré comme un langage. Cette orientation allait en toute logique imposer un réalisme de la structure qui s'articule, à son tour, à la faille de la cause empirique.

Em 1928, em sua Crítica aos Fundamentos da Psicologia, G. Politzer apresentou as características de uma psicologia que visava reformar a psicologia experimental universitária. Partindo da teoria dos sonhos de Freud, Politzer abriu uma concepção de psicologia nova em seu tempo. Suas obras, que Lacan utilizará em sua tese para abordar o fenômeno paranóico, participaram de um violento debate dentro do movimento comunista dividido entre anti-Freudianismo e Freudo-Marxismo. Ao dar um lugar essencial à fala, à narrativa, Politzer reivindicou uma psicologia concreta. A sua recusa da doutrina freudiana, segundo ele dependente da tradição metafísica da psicologia, incluía também a hipótese do inconsciente numa crítica severa do realismo, uma inclusão que nunca foi aceita por Lacan, que lhe opôs a premissa de que o inconsciente é estruturado como uma linguagem. Esta orientação imporia logicamente um realismo de estrutura que se articula, por sua vez, com a falta da causa empírica.

In 1928, in his Critique of the Foundations of Psychology, G. Politzer presented the features of a psychology aimed at reformulating academic experimental psychology. Based on Freud's theory of dreams, Politzer presents a concept of psychology that was completely new at that time. Lacan drew inspiration from his work for his thesis on paranoia and took part in a violent debate by the communist movement, which was divided between anti-Freudianism and Freudo-Marxism. By giving an essential place to speech, to narrative, Politzer claimed a concrete psychology. His refusal of Freud's doctrine, which he thought depended on the metaphysical tradition of psychology, also included the hypothesis of the unconscious in a severe critique of realism, an inclusion which Lacan rejected and opposed with the premise that the unconscious is structured like a language. This orientation would logically impose a realism of structure that is related, in turn, to the lack of the empirical cause.

En 1928, en su Crítica de los Fundamentos de la Psicología, G. Politzer presentó las características de una psicología que pretendía reformar la psicología experimental universitaria. Partiendo de la teoría de los sueños de Freud, Politzer presentó una concepción de psicología novedosa para su época. Sus trabajos, que Lacan utilizará en su tesis para abordar el fenómeno de la paranoia, formaron parte de un debate violento dentro del movimiento comunista dividido entre en antifreudianismo y el freudomarxismo. Al dar un lugar esencial al discurso, a la narrativa, Politzer reivindicó una psicología concreta. Su rechazo a la doctrina freudiana, que según él dependía de la tradición metafísica de la psicología, incluía también la hipótesis del inconsciente en una crítica severa del realismo, una inclusión que nunca sería aceptada por Lacan, que se oponía a ella con la premisa de que el inconsciente es estructurado como un lenguaje. Esta orientación impondría lógicamente un realismo de la estructura que se articula, a su vez, a la falla de la causa empírica.

Avaliação da qualidade de águas de chuva armazenadas em cisternas de placas e de polietileno em um município do semiárido do estado da Paraíba / Evaluation of rainwater quality stored in cisterns of concrete plates and polyethylene in a municipality in the semi-arid of the Paraíba State

RESUMO Neste trabalho é apresentada uma avaliação das águas de chuva armazenadas em cisternas no semiárido do estado da Paraíba. Foram coletadas e analisadas amostras de água de cisternas de placas de concreto (CPLA) e de polietileno (CPOL), buscando-se verificar se há diferenças entre os parâmetros de qualidade da água nos dois tipos de cisternas. Foram aplicados testes estatísticos para detectar se há diferenças entre os parâmetros físico-químicos pH, temperatura, turbidez, condutividade elétrica, sólidos totais dissolvidos, oxigênio dissolvido, alcalinidade, cor, dureza, cloreto, amônia, sulfato, salinidade e nitrato. Também foram feitas análises da variabilidade dos parâmetros e verificações de conformidade de acordo com a Portaria n° 5/2017 do Ministério da Saúde que estabelece os padrões de potabilidade da água. Entre os parâmetros analisados nas amostras de água provenientes das CPLA e CPOL, os que apresentaram confirmação da hipótese de igualdade de médias foram cloreto, oxigênio dissolvido e sulfato. Houve maior variabilidade da alcalinidade e da salinidade nas águas das CPLA em relação às das CPOL. Quase todos os parâmetros físico-químicos apresentaram-se em conformidade com a portaria, com exceção de cor, pH e turbidez.

ABSTRACT An evaluation of rainwater stored in cisterns in the semiarid region of the state of Paraíba is presented in this paper. Water samples from concrete plates cisterns (CPLAs) and polyethylene ones (CPOLs) were collected and analyzed in order to verify whether there are differences between water quality parameters in the two types of cisterns. Statistical tests were applied to detect whether there are differences between the physical and chemical parameters pH, temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, color, hardness, chloride, ammonia, sulfate, salinity, and nitrate. Analyses of the variability of the parameters and verifications of compliance were also carried out in accordance with the Ministry of Health Consolidation Ordinance 05/2017, which establishes water potability standards. Among the parameters analyzed in the water samples from the CPLAs and CPOLs, those that confirmed the hypothesis of equality of means were chloride, dissolved oxygen, and sulfate. There were higher alkalinity and salinity variability in CPLAs waters in relation to these parameters in CPOLs. Almost all physicochemical parameters were in compliance with the ordinance, and the exception were color, pH, and turbidity.

Research progress in spore-based in-situ restoration technology of concrete with microorganisms / 生物工程学报

Concrete is the most widely used modern building material. It is easy to crack under the action of stress, which makes the concrete structure permeable, affecting the durability and integrity of the structure, and thus shortening its service life. Microbial in-situ remediation technology is a low cost, effective and green way for concrete crack repairing. Due to its excellent biocompatibility, service life elongation, economic losses and environmental pollution reduction, microbial in-situ remediation technology has been intensively investigated. Bacillus has attracted much attention because of its excellent biomineralization ability, extremely strong environmental tolerance and long-term survival ability of its spores. In order to promote the research, development and large-scale application of microbial in-situ healing of concrete, the paper reviews the mechanism of spore-based in-situ healing of concrete, the survival of spores exposed in concrete, the influence of spores and external additives on the mechanical properties of concrete, progress in research and development of healing agent as well as healing effects. Moreover, future research focuses such as improving the survival ability of spores in the harsh environment of concrete, reducing the influence of external additives on the mechanical properties of concrete, and strengthening the healing effect of actual field applications are also summarized.

O que é a Psicologia Concreta? Reflexões politzerianas em torno do problema da crise da psicologia / What is Concrete Psychology? Politzerian reflections on the psychology crisis issues

Este artigo dedica-se a ­ a partir da análise da Crítica dos fundamentos da Psicologia, de Georges Politzer ­ caracterizar a psicologia concreta. O texto em tela resulta de pesquisa que objetiva identificar as semelhanças e diferenças nas análises da crise da psicologia da década de 1920 feitas por Vigotski e Politzer. O material apresentado dedica-se, em particular, a esse último autor. A análise aqui apresentada organiza-se em torno dos fundamentos da psicologia clássica, tal qual caracterizados por Politzer: a) a elementaridade do psíquico e a abstração do sentido; b) a análise da vida interior e dos processos internos; c) a apreensão imediata do fenômeno psicológico e o problema do método direto; e d) o postulado da convencionalidade da significação. A análise aqui empreendida ainda faz remissão à psicologia histórico-cultural, na medida em que ela se encontra com as apreciações politzerianas, e a outras escolas de psicologia não tratadas diretamente por Politzer. Por fim, apresenta-se um conjunto de questões em torno da psicologia concreta que configuram um interessante programa de pesquisa, a saber: a necessidade de um inventário crítico da crise da psicologia contemporaneamente; a identificação da psicologia histórico-cultural com a psicologia concreta; uma definição provisória da psicologia concreta.

This article aims to feature ­ from Georges Politzer's Critique of the Foundations of Psychology analysis ­ Concrete Psychology. This text is an outcome of a research ensued to identify similarities and differences in 1920's psychology crisis analysis carried out both by Vigotski and Politzer. The material here presented is dedicated, notably, to the latter author. The analysis is organized around the fundamentals of classical psychology as Politzer displays: a) elementary nature of psychic and the abstraction of meaning; b) inner life analysis and the internal processes; c) immediate apprehension of a psychological phenomenon and the problem of direct method; d) postulate of meaning conventionality. This is still an ongoing analysis reference to historical-cultural psychology insofar it meets Politzerian appraisals and other psychology schools not directly handled by Politzer. Finally, a set of issues is presented on Concrete Psychology setting up an interesting research program, namely: an uptodate critical inventory demand for psychology crisis; matching Historical-Cultural Psychology to Concrete Psychology; a provisional definition of Concrete Psychology.

O que é a psicologia concreta: contribuições de Lev. S. Vigotski / What is concrete psychology? Contributions by Lev S. Vigotski

Este artigo tem como objetivo corroborar a resposta a psicologia concreta, tendo como referências as proposições de Vigotski. Para tanto apresenta, introdutoriamente, elementos da crítica tecida por este autor à psicologia tradicional presentes no ensaio "O significado histórico da crise da psicologia. Uma investigação metodológica", bem como sua defesa em prol de uma psicologia científica, concreta. Na sequência, recorrendo ao estofo filosófico materialista histórico-dialético da psicologia vigotskiana, apresenta uma sistematização acerca dos traços característicos fundamentais de uma psicologia concreta, quais sejam: o enfoque materialista; a constatação de que na base de todas as relações sociais estão as relações sociais de produção; o apelo à luta contra as condições objetivas e subjetivas que alienam o trabalho e o trabalhador e, por último, a adoção do método materialista dialético. À guisa de finalização, esses traços são ilustrados no tratamento dispensado por Vigotski à necessidade de formulação de uma psicologia geral; no enfoque ontológico e gnosiológico dispensado ao desenvolvimento do psiquismo humano bem como por meio do conceito de vivência, considerada pelo autor como unidade indissolúvel entre pessoa e situação social de desenvolvimento.

This paper aims to corroborate the answer to what is concrete psychology, having as reference Vygotsky's propositions. To this end, presents introductory elements of the critique made by this author to the traditional psychology in the essay "The historical meaning of the crisis in psychology. A methodological investigation", as well as its defense of a concrete, scientific psychology. Then, using the historical and dialectical materialism of Vigotski's psychology, this paper presents a systematization of the concrete psychology's fundamental characteristics, namely: the materialist approach; the realization that the basis of all social relations are the relations of production; the call to fight against the objective and subjective conditions that alienate work and workers and, finally, the adoption of the dialectical materialist method. In conclusion, these elements are illustrated in how Vigotski discusses the need to formulate a unique psychology; in the ontological and gnosiological focus given to the development of the human psyche as well as through the concept of "life experience", considered by the author as an indissoluble unit between person and social situation of development.

O conceito de unidade mínima de análise como eixo articulador do método marxiano e da psicologia concreta / The concept of minimum unit of analysis as an articulating axis of the marxian method and concrete psychology

O presente trabalho elege o estudo do conceito de unidade mínima de análise no intuito de demonstrar os meios pelos quais os pressupostos metodológicos marxianos se realizam na investigação do psiquismo humano por Vigotski, que buscava lançar os fundamentos de uma psicologia concreta. A seleção desse conceito justifica-se pelo fato de este sintetizar o movimento dialético de ascensão do abstrato ao concreto multideterminado, o qual rege a revelação das leis gerais que submetem o desenvolvimento categorial dos fenômenos e desvenda as dissimulações da aparência fenomênica. Demonstrou-se que, da mesma forma que Marx anuncia a mercadoria como unidade mínima de análise da sociedade capitalista, Vigotski adota o signo como categoria fundamental que contém o psiquismo humano em sua totalidade, como síntese de determinações singulares e universais, individuais e sociais, biológicas e culturais, históricas e sociais, de significados e sentidos. Conclui-se que, em consonância com os fundamentos do materialismo histórico-dialético, a psicologia concreta deve buscar na unidade mínima de análise a superação das dicotomias lógico-formais e a especificidade do psiquismo humano, que tem na ação consciente o potencial para construir, sobre as cinzas das inversões burguesas, o devir de uma sociedade sem classes que tenha a humanidade como centro do processo produtivo.

The present work chooses the study of the concept of a minimum unit of analysis in order to demonstrate the means by which the marxian methodological assumptions are realized in the investigation of human psyche by Vigotski, who sought to lay the foundations of a concrete psychology. The selection of this concept is justified by the fact that it synthesizes the dialectical movement of ascension from the abstract to the multi-determined concrete, which governs the revelation of the general laws that subject the categorical development of the phenomena and unveils the disguises of the phenomenal appearance. It was shown that, in the same way that Marx announces the commodity as the minimum unit of analysis of capitalist society, Vigotski adopts the sign as a fundamental category that contains the human psyche in its entirety, as a synthesis of singular and universal,, individual and social, biological and cultural, historical and social determinations of meanings and senses. We conclude that, in consonance with the foundations of historical-dialectic materialism, concrete psychology must seek in the minimum unit of analysis to overcome the logical-formal dichotomies and the specificity of the human psyche, which has in conscious action the pontential to build on the ashes of bourgeois inversions, the becoming of a classless society that has humanity as the center of the productive process.

O estudo concreto do desenvolvimento da infância e da adolescência e suas contribuições para a educação / The concrete study of the development of childhood and adolescence and its contributions to education

O presente artigo discute o estudo concreto da infância e da adolescência a partir das contribuições da psicologia histórico-cultural. São apresentados os conceitos de atividade, atividade-guia, situação social de desenvolvimento, linhas acessórias do desenvolvimento, consciência e neoformação em cada período da vida, buscando articular com elementos da realidade capitalista brasileira e as desigualdades de classe, raça e gênero. Para tal, percorremos as três épocas (Elkonin, 1987) do desenvolvimento propostas por estudos soviéticos em um contexto de luta por condições iguais de vida, quais sejam: primeira infância, infância e adolescência. Ao apresentar cada época, explicitamos os desafios ainda postos para compreendermos concretamente o desenvolvimento humano no Brasil. E, ao final, apresentamos alguns desafios ainda postos à educação. Conclui-se que o desenvolvimento almejado ocorrerá diante de condições que o possibilitem, envolvendo: i) o contexto social mais amplo (demandas que a sociedade oferece às nossas crianças e jovens e condições efetivas providas para sua realização); ii) a organização do ensino e como esse operacionaliza essas demandas em termos de forma e conteúdo, de maneira a potencializar o desenvolvimento das pessoas, promovendo necessidades e motivos para a emergência da atividade-guia, atentando aos efeitos das desigualdades de classe, raça e gênero no processo de desenvolvimento.

This paper discusses the concrete study of childhood and adolescence from the contributions of cultural-historical psychology. The concepts of activity, leading activity, social situation of development, accessory lines of development, consciousness, and neoformation are presented in each period of life, seeking to articulate with elements of the Brazilian capitalist reality and its inequalities of class, race and gender. To this end, we went through the three epochs (ELKONIN, 1987) of the development proposed by Soviet studies in a context of struggle for equal living conditions, namely: early childhood, childhood and adolescence. In the presentation of each epoch, we explain the existent challenges for concretely understanding human development in Brazil. And, at the end, we discuss some obstacles currently facing education. It is concluded that the desired development will occur in the presence of conditions that make it possible, involving: i) the broader social context (demands that society offers to our children and young people as well as effective conditions provided for its consummation); ii) the organization of teaching and how it operationalizes these demands in terms of form and content, in order to enhance the development of people, promoting needs and reasons for the emergence of the leading activity and being aware of the effects of class, race and gender inequalities in the development process.

Influence of the concrete and abstract graphs on N200 and P300 potentials / 生物医学工程学杂志

Increasing the amplitude of event-related potential is one of the key methods to improve the accuracy of the potential-based brain-computer interface, e.g., P300-based brain-computer interface. The brain-computer interface systems often use symbols or controlled objects as vision stimuli, but what visual stimuli can induce more obvious event-related potential is still unknown. This paper designed three kinds of visual stimuli, i.e., a square, an arrow, and a robot attached with an arrow, to analyze the influence of concreteness degree of the graph on the N200 and P300 potentials, and applied a support vector machine to compare the performance of the brain-computer interface under different stimuli. The results showed that, compared with the square, the robot attached with arrow and the arrow both induced larger N200 potential ( = 1.6 × 10 , = 4.2 × 10 ) and longer P300 potential ( = 2.2 × 10 , = 1.9 × 10 ) in the frontal area, but the amplitude under the arrow condition is smaller than the one under the robot attached with arrow condition. The robot attached with arrow increased the N200 potential amplitude of the square and arrow from 3.12 μV and 5.19 μV to 7.21 μV ( = 1.6 × 10 , = 8.9 × 10 ), and improved the accuracy rate from 59.95%, 61.67% to 74.45% ( = 2.1 × 10 , = 1.6 × 10 ), and the information transfer rate from 35.00 bits/min, 35.98 bits/min to 56.71 bits/min ( = 2.6 × 10 , = 1.6 × 10 ). This study shows that the concreteness of graphics could affect the N200 potential and the P300 potential. The abstract symbol could represent the meaning and evoke potentials, but the information contained in the concrete robot attached with an arrow is more correlated with the human experience, which is helpful to improve the amplitude. The results may provide new sight in modifying the stimulus interface of the brain-computer interface.

Leaching of Pervious Concrete Produced Using Mixed Recycled Aggregates

Abstract Waste produced by the construction sector is a problem that has grown over the last few years. Construction and demolition waste makes up about 50% by mass of the total solid waste produced in Brazil. One alternative by which to reduce this volume is recycling this material in the form of aggregates. However, it is necessary to analyze the environmental risk that the use of recycled aggregates can entail for adjacent soil and the water table. The purpose of this work was to evaluate pervious concrete samples that contained recycled aggregates and to subject them to leaching tests. The results were compared with the limits established by the Italian methodology. Aggregates with 10, 25, 50, and 100% ceramic were used, as well as a recycled concrete aggregate and a natural aggregate. With the exception of the 25% ceramic trial, all the treatments introduced chromium to the water in which they were immersed, with accumulated concentrations varying from 0.009 to 0.099 mg L-1. Cadmium was found in higher quantities, with cumulated concentrations between 0.104 and 0.417 mg L-1. Sulfate concentrations were higher after 24 h of immersion, with a maximum release of 71.7 mg L-1. The concrete made with 100% ceramic aggregate leached more chromium and sulfate than the other aggregates.

Jogo de cartas como estratégia para o ensino de doenças autoimunes na graduação médica / Card game as strategy for the teaching of autoimmune diseases in medical graduation / Juego de cartas como estrategia para la enseñanza de enfermedades autoinmunes en la graduación médica

A experiência relatada neste artigo envolveu a elaboração e aplicação do ImunoDAI, um jogo de cartas desenvolvido por alunos e professores do curso de Medicina para abordar o conteúdo técnico de vinte Doenças Autoimunes (DAI). As DAI compreendem numerosas doenças com diferentes apresentações clínicas que compartilham uma etiologia complexa, porém comum, representada pela resposta imunológica contra autoantígenos. O ImunoDAI trata-se de um jogo produzido coletivamente que, enquanto recurso pedagógico, possibilitou o trabalho com as DAI por meio da elaboração de quatro cartas contendo informações sobre as principais causas da doença; imunopatogênese; sinais e sintomas; diagnóstico e tratamento. A utilização do jogo facilitou a fixação dos conteúdos e favoreceu o processo de ensino-aprendizagem ao permitir múltiplas interações, promover a aprendizagem dos conteúdos, desenvolver autonomia, criatividade, cooperação mútua, discussões e tomadas de decisões, habilidades indispensáveis aos futuros médicos.

The experience reported in this article involved the development and application of ImmunoDAI, a card game developed by students and professors of the medical course to address the technical content of twenty autoimmune diseases (DAI). The DAI comprise numerous diseases with different clinical presentations that share a complex but common etiology represented by the immune response against autoantigens. The ImunoDAI is a collectively produced game that, as a pedagogical resource, made possible the work with the DAI through the elaboration of four letters containing information about the main causes of the disease; immunopathogenesis; signals and symptoms; diagnosis and treatment. The use of the game facilitated the fixing of contents and favored the teaching-learning process by allowing multiple interactions, promoting content learning, developing autonomy, creativity, cooperation, discussions and decision making, skills that are indispensable for future doctors.

A experiencia relatada en este artículo involucró la elaboración y aplicación del ImunoDAI, un juego de cartas desarrollado por alumnos y profesores del curso de Medicina para abordar el contenido técnico de veinte Enfermedades autoinmunes (DAI). Las DAI comprenden numerosas enfermedades con diferentes presentaciones clínicas que comparten una etiología compleja, pero común, representada por la respuesta inmunológica contra autoantígenos. El ImunoDAI es un juego producido colectivamente que, en cuanto recurso pedagógico, posibilitó el trabajo con las DAI por medio de la elaboración de cuatro cartas conteniendo informaciones sobre las principales causas de la enfermedad; inmunopatogenia; signos y síntomas; diagnóstico y tratamiento. La utilización del juego facilitó la fijación de los contenidos y favoreció el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje al permitir múltiples interacciones, promover el aprendizaje de los contenidos, desarrollar autonomía, creatividad, cooperación, discusiones y tomas de decisiones, habilidades indispensables para los futuros médicos.

Factors affecting the Health Problems of Concrete Mixer Truck Driver / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the level of health problems and the factors that affect health problems for concrete mixer truck divers. METHODS: The questionnaires were administered to 111 drivers in 6 Remicon workplaces located in D city and 7 Remicon workplaces located in K city from September 10 to 28, 2018. A total of 111 questionnaires were collected and 106 were used, excluding 5 incomplete ones. Data were analyzed with frequency, percentage, χ2 test, multiple logistic regression analysis by SPSS/WIN 23.0. RESULTS: The factors affecting subjective health were eating habits, sleeping hours and drinking conditions. The factors that affected chronic diseases were age, eating habits, sleep hours, and drinking conditions. The factors influencing musculoskeletal complaints were work experience, eating habits, and sleep hours. CONCLUSION: The major influencing factors of health problems were eating habits, sleeping hours. This study suggests that it is necessary to run a systematic health care program for the desirable health behaviors in the communities and industrial fields.

Individualidade moderna como particularidade / Modern individuality as particularity / Individualidad moderna como particularidad

Resumo O objetivo do ensaio é apresentar a proposição segundo a qual a individualidade moderna se coloca como uma categoria particular que medeia, na prática concreta dos homens, a relação entre os indivíduos concretos e a generidade ( Gattungsmässigkeit ) . Apresenta-se, assim, a individualidade moderna como exercitação do egoísmo racional sobretudo na personificação de categorias econômicas. Essa exercitação tendencial em bases de uma sociabilidade capitalista coabita com contratendências, o que permite apreender a individualidade concreta em constante assentamento tensionado com tendências da individualidade moderna por efeito sobretudo da compulsão econômica regente da sociabilidade presente.

Abstract The objective of this essay is to argument the modern individuality is a particular category which mediates through men's practical action, the relationship between concrete individuals and species-in-itself ( Gattungsmässigkeit ). The paper shows the modern individuality as the rational egoism exercitation, specially into economic categories. This tendential exercitation cohabits with countertendencies, which allows apprehend the concrete individuality in a constant tensioned putting with modern individuality tendencies as an effect of economic compulsion which rules the present sociability.

Resumen El objetivo del ensayo es presentar la propuesta según la cual la individualidad moderna se coloca como una categoría particular que media, en la práctica concreta de los hombres, la relación entre los individuos concretos y el ser genérico (Gattungsmässigkeit). Se presenta, así, la individualidad moderna como ejercicio del egoísmo racional, sobre todo en la personificación de categorías económicas. Este ejercicio tendencial sobre bases de una sociabilidad capitalista cohabita con contra-tendencias, lo que permite asimilar la individualidad concreta en constante asentamiento tensionado con tendencias de la individualidad moderna por efecto, sobre todo, de la compulsion económica reactiva de la sociabilidad presente.

Comparison on traditional decoction, concrete and formula granules of Chinese materia medica / 中草药

The development of Chinese materia medica formulations has a long history, and gradually formed various dosage forms such as soup, wine, tea, powder, cream, pills, boluses and so on. In recent years, formula granules have developed rapidly.The price factors, storage conditions, convenience, efficacy and other aspects of Chinese materia medica decoction, concrete and formula granules were compared, and the results have shown that each formulation has advantages and disadvantages that restrict their development. With the development of science and technology, Chinese materia medica formula granules would have more room for development.

Effect of water conservancy schistosomiasis control projects combined with molluscicide to control Oncomelania hupensis snails in rivers connecting with Yangtze River in Pukou District,Nanjing City / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of the water conservancy schistosomiasis control projects combined with mollus-cicide to control Oncomelania hupensis snails in the rivers connecting with the Yangtze River. Methods The water conservancy schistosomiasis control projects of Zhujiashan River,Qili River and Gaowang River were chosen as the study objects in Pukou District,Nanjing City. The data review method and field investigation were used to evaluate the effect of the water conservancy schistosomiasis control projects combined with molluscicide to control O. hupensis snails. Results After the projects of the wa-ter level control and concrete slope protection and mollusciciding were implemented,the snails in the project river sections were completely eliminated. The snail diffusion did not happen in the inland irrigation area too. In the outside of the river beach , though the snails still existed,the snail densities plunged below 1.0 snail per 1.0 m2. Conclusion The comprehensive mea-sures of the combination of water level control,concrete slope protection and mollusciciding can effectively control and eliminate the snails,and prevent the snails from spreading.

Experimental Investigation on Self-Compacting Self-Curing Concrete Incorporated with the Light Weight Aggregates

ABSTRACT Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) flows around obstructions by its self-weight to fill entirely and self-consolidate (without any need for vibration), without any part of disconnection and chunking. The eradication of the need for consolidation leads to better quality concrete and substantial improvement of running conditions. The fresh state of SCC mixes will usually have huge amount of fine fillers, including cement, and produce excessively high compressive strength concrete. In order to overcome the workability problem Super Plasticizer (SP) and Viscosity Modifying Agent (VMA) are used. Here, the workability admixtures are fixed at a constant rate of 2% based on the weight of cement. This technique examines special applications in cases of bottleneck reinforced sections, rafts, tunnel linings, highly reinforced columns, underwater repairs, bridge piers and placements. LECA and Vermiculite have high porosity, and are added to concrete mixtures to create a lightweight concrete mix. An attempt has been made to develop a combination of self-compacting and self-curing concrete with each 5% and 10% of LECA and Vermiculite as a partial replacement to fine aggregate. As there was no proper mix design for the development of this modern concrete, the design has been carried out based on EFNARC specifications for the design strength of M40 grade concrete. The porosity of light weight aggregate provide source of water for internal curing of concrete which enhances concrete strength and durability. Based on more trials, it was noticed that the concrete with 10% of LECA and Vermiculite in individual provides good results.

Ferro‑concrete reinforcement of endodontically treated teeth with wide open apex.

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the fracture resistance of roots obturated with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) obturation with post, MTA apical plug with Resilon obturation, MTA apical plug with gutta percha (GP) obturation, complete MTA obturation in teeth with wide open apex. Materials and Methods: Fifty freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors were selected. Teeth were divided into four experimental groups (n = 10) and one control group (n = 10). Fifty teeth were separated, and roots of each tooth were standardized to a length of 12 mm. Access opening was done and instrumented with ProTaper F2 passed beyond the apex. The canals were then irrigated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 3% sodium hypochlorite. Calcium hydroxide was placed in the canals for 7 days. The specimens were then divided into five groups. Group I: Apical plug MTA with metal post, Group II: Apical plug MTA with Resilon, Group III Apical plug MTA with GP, Group IV: Complete MTA obturation, and Group V: Control group. Fracture strength was measured using Instron testing machine at a speed of 5 mm/min, and the data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and t‑test. Results: The roots reinforced with metallic post and MTA (Group 1) has the higher fracture strength when compared with other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This Ferro‑concrete reinforcement technique of MTA with the metallic post can be used in cases with wide open apex to increase the fracture resistance of tooth.

Microbiologically induced deterioration of concrete: a review

Microbiologically induced deterioration (MID) causes corrosion of concrete by producing acids (including organic and inorganic acids) that degrade concrete components and thus compromise the integrity of sewer pipelines and other structures, creating significant problems worldwide. Understanding of the fundamental corrosion process and the causal agents will help us develop an appropriate strategy to minimize the costs in repairs. This review presents how microorganisms induce the deterioration of concrete, including the organisms involved and their colonization and succession on concrete, the microbial deterioration mechanism, the approaches of studying MID and safeguards against concrete biodeterioration. In addition, the uninvestigated research area of MID is also proposed.