Constelações afetivas: cotidiano, atividades humanas, relações sociais e Terapia Ocupacional entrelaçados à cosmovisão Krenak / Affective constellations: the everyday, human activities, social relations and occupational therapy interwoven with Krenak's cosmovision / Constelaciones afectivas: cotidiano, actividades humanas, relaciones sociales y terapia ocupacional entrelazados con la cosmovisión Krenak

Dado o contexto pandêmico, terapeutas ocupacionais refletem sobre atividades humanas, cotidianos e relações sociais em uma construção contra-hegemônica em diálogo com Ailton Krenak e sua cosmovisão. Problematizando perspectivas que dissociam seres/natureza/cultura/vida e não consideram os impactos dos modos de vida; inspiram-se nessa perspectiva para potencializar experiências e renovar o compromisso ético-político-cultural com a coletividade. Identificamos afinidades propositivas: pessoas-coletivas; a ressignificação da humanidade e da vida em sua interdependência em constelações de seres; o acolhimento dos encontros intensificando alianças afetivas; a presença na experiência pois o que existe é o agora; e o deslocamento urgente dos modos de vida modernos pela criatividade e poesia da resistência com reinvenção e criação de mundos possíveis mobilizados pelo cantar, dançar, suspender o céu e construir paraquedas coloridos. (AU)

In the context of a pandemic, occupational therapists reflect on human activities, the everyday, and social relations, in a contra>-hegemonic construction that intersects with Ailton Krenak's cosmovision. Problematizing perspectives that dissociate beings/nature/culture/life and disregard the impacts of modes of living, this study draws on this perspective to potentiate experiences and renew the ethical-political-cultural commitment to the collective. We identified propositive affinities: people-collectives; the resignification of humanity and life in its interdependence in constellations of beings; the receptiveness of encounters intensifying affective alliances; the presence in experience because all that exists is now; the urgent shift in modern modes of living and poetry of resistance, with the reinvention and creation of possible worlds mobilized by singing, dancing, suspending the sky, and building colorful parachutes. (AU)

Considerando el contexto pandémico, terapeutas ocupacionales reflexionan sobre actividades humanas, cotidianos y relaciones sociales en una construcción contra-hegemónica en diálogo con Ailton Krenak y su cosmovisión. Problematizando perspectivas que disocian seres/naturaleza/cultura/vida y no consideran los impactos de los modos de vida, se inspira en esa perspectiva para potencializar experiencias y renovar el compromiso ético- político-cultural con la colectividad. Identificamos afinidades propositivas: personas-colectivas; la resignificación de la humanidad y de la vida en su interdependencia en constelaciones de seres; la acogida de los encuentros intensificando alianzas afectivas; la presencia en la experiencia, puesto que lo que existe es el ahora; y el desplazamiento urgente de los modos de vida modernos por la creatividad y poesía de resistencia con reinvención y creación de mundos posibles movilizados por el cantar, bailar, suspender el cielo y construir paracaídas de colores. (AU)

Nos batuques dos quintais: as compreensões dos povos de Umbanda sobre saúde, adoecimento e cuidado / The beats of drums in backyards: the understandings of Umbanda people on health, illness and care

Resumo Durante o processo de escravização africana no Brasil, os negros trouxeram consigo uma imensa bagagem simbólico-cultural, tais como danças, comidas, festividades e cerimônias religiosas. Na esfera religiosa, o processo de intercâmbio das doutrinas africanas com os elementos culturais já existentes em terras brasileiras deu surgimento à religião umbandista. O presente artigo teve como objetivo conhecer as concepções dos praticantes e consulentes de três terreiros de Umbanda sobre saúde, adoecimento e cuidado. Como matriz metodológica, utilizou-se o referencial da Análise Institucional "no papel". Os participantes foram três sacerdotes umbandistas e os respectivos praticantes e consulentes dos terreiros que os mesmos conduziam. Como resultados, identificamos alguns elementos que explicariam, de acordo com as cosmologias umbandistas, os processos de saúde/doença: desequilíbrios energéticos; pensamentos e condutas negativas diante da vida; nervosismo; obsessores; mediunidade não resolvida ou alguma questão de ordem médica ou psicológica. Pôde-se perceber, portanto, que os conhecimentos dos povos umbandistas sobre saúde em muito destoam daqueles em que se sustentam os saberes hegemonicamente instituídos que direcionam os profissionais da saúde.

Abstract During the process of African enslavement in Brazil, blacks brought with them an immense symbolic-cultural background, such as dances, food, festivities and religious ceremonies. In the religious sphere, the process of exchanging African doctrines with cultural elements already existing in Brazilian lands gave rise to the Umbandaist religion. This article aimed to know the conceptions of practitioners and consultants of three Umbanda terreiros (meeting places) about health, illness and care. As a methodological matrix, we used the reference of Institutional Analysis "on paper". The participants were three Umbanda priests and their practitioners and consultants of the terreiros they conducted. As a result, we identified some elements that would explain, according to Umbanda cosmologies, the health / disease processes: energy imbalances; negative thoughts and conduct towards life; nervousness; obsessors; unresolved mediumship or any medical or psychological issue. Therefore, it can be seen that the knowledge of the Umbanda peoples on health is very different from those on which the hegemonically instituted knowledge that directs health professionals is based.

El modelo río (Kawa): cuatro estudios de caso aplicados en Chile / The river model (Kawa): four case studies developed in Chile

Se presentan los conceptos generales del Modelo Río (Kawa) generado desde una Cosmovisión Oriental/Japonesa, proponiendo una mirada y una herramienta de evaluación e intervención cualitativa plenamente centrada en la narrativa del cliente, representada por la metáfora de un río, a través del cual, se evidencian los elementos centrales de la existencia (propuestos por la teoría) y aquellos símbolos significativos incorporados por la propia persona, otorgando una visión histórica y de momentos claves al mismo tiempo. Se presentan cuatro estudios de caso aplicados en el país, desarrollados por estudiantes de Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad Mayor, con usuarios de distinta edad y condición de salud, en el marco de un proyecto de traducción y adaptación del Modelo al idioma castellano y al contexto hispanoamericano, así como la discusión inicial acerca de las potencialidades e implicancias culturales y para la disciplina del uso del Modelo en un contexto chileno y latinoamericano.

The following article explain the general concepts of the Model of the River (Kawa) generated from an Eastern/ Japanese Cosmology, offering a view and a qualitative assessment and intervention tool fully focused on the narrative of the client, represented by the metaphor of a river, through which, it show the central elements of existence (proposed by the theory) and those meaningful symbols incorporated by the individual, providing a historical overview and key moments at the same time. At this research are included four case studies developed by Chilean Occupational Therapy students at Universidad Mayor, with clients at different life stages, educational level and health condition, inside of a wider project, orientated to translate and to adapt the Model to the Spanish language and the Hispanic and latin context, introducing an initial discussion about the cultural potentialities and implications for the discipline using this model in Chile and Latin America.

Cosmologia, ambiente e saúde: mitos e ritos alimentares Baniwa / Cosmology, environment, and health: Baniwa food myths and rites

O povo Baniwa, grupo Aruak que vive no Noroeste amazônico, possui rica tradição mítica que influencia a expressão das dimensões políticas, éticas e práticas da vida social e orienta conhecimentos ancestrais que garantem a sobrevivência do grupo em condições ambientais adversas. O artigo analisa mitos e ritos estruturados em torno das fontes alimentares pesqueiras, em íntima interação com as explicações cosmológicas sobre a origem dos deuses, dos cursos d'água e dos micro-ecossistemas que favorecem a reprodução da fauna aquática. A mitologia Baniwa remete os processos reprodutivos dos peixes a um conjunto de relações sociais travadas entre sociedades humanas e não-humanas. Predação e comensalidade, noções subjacentes aos ritos alimentares, são concebidas como parte de um conjunto de práticas que visam à produção e manutenção das alianças de parentesco, à redução da periculosidade do alimento/presa e à manutenção do equilíbrio no balanço cósmico que garante a vida.

The Baniwa people, a member of the Aruak group which lives in the northwestern Amazon, has a rich mythic tradition that influences how the political, ethical, and practical dimensions of their social life are expressed and that guides the ancestral knowledge that guarantees the group's survival under adverse environmental conditions. The article analyzes myths and rites built around fish as a food source; these have an intimate relationship with cosmological explanations of the origin of the gods, water bodies, and the micro-ecosystems that foster the reproduction of aquatic fauna. Baniwa mythology draws an association between the reproductive processes of fish and a set of social relations involving human and non-human societies. Predation and edibility - notions underlying food rites - are viewed as part of a set of practices meant to produce and maintain kinship alliances, ease the food/prey peril, and maintain the cosmic balance that sustains life.

Various theories on cosmology and its evolution in western medicine and Chinese medicine / 中华中医药杂志

Philosophy has exerted greatly influences on both western medicine and Chinese medicine,both medicines have quite distinctive and interesting recognitions on illness and human being which reflect their own cosmology and its evolutionary progress.A renown scholar ZHU Xi in the Song dynasty of China has reached the peak of neo-Confucianism and elaborated a lot of theories on Chinese cosmology by summarizing scientific achievements at that time;while Immanuel Kant has done very similar to the western world of cosmology.However,their theories make obvious different.As far as the evolution of humankind is concerned,Karl Popper has contributed his distinguished idea that the brain is the center for evolution.To this point,the theory of Chinese medicine,regarding the human-brain as the Ni Wan,ocean of the marrow.Furthermore,the system that the Ren Meridian and the Du Meridian corresponding to human upright vertebrae column in traditional Chinese medicine,makes an in-depth sense,too.

Early Greek Medicine and Plato's Cosmology / 의사학

The purpose of this paper is to show the influence of Early greek medicine on Plato's Cosmology. Alcmaeon holds that health depends on proportion (equality; isonomia) or proportioned mixture of opposing factors. This notion dominated nearly all greek medicine, and also influenced Plato's cosmology greatly. Generally early greek doctors believed that man consisted of opposing factors, though these are designated differently. Alcmaeon takes powers - hot and dry, cold and hot, vitter, sweet and the rest as those factors. On the other hand, Philistion of Locri adopts the four element theory of Empedocles. He conceives that human body as a mixture of the four elements, and health consists in proportion of these opposing four element, basically as Alcmaeon. This notion is accepted by Plato. Only Plato differs from Philistion in that he does't consider the four elements as the ultimate factors. In Timaeus Plato explains that the Demiourgos constructed the four elements through introducing 'proportion' into the primitive materials (the oppositives) by means of shapes and mumbers. And Plato thinks that the cosmic body and soul was constructed basically in the same way as the four elements. This is true of the human body and soul. Also Plato explicates diseases from standpoint of proportion or symmetry. Moreover according to Philebus, the good states (i.e. 'health', 'music', 'seasons' etc) in the cosmos arises out of the right mixture of the limit and the unlimited. In other word this mixture is proportioned mixture of the oppositives by aid of ratios. In short Plato believes that both the cosmos itself and the good states is proportioned mixture of the oppositives. Thus Plato' cosmology is fundamentally based upon Alcmaeon's or Philistion's concept of Health.