Severe COVID-19 complicated with mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion of the corpus callosum: a case report / 中华神经科杂志

Since the global COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infection, which causes COVID-19, has been associated with a range of diseases whose atypical manifestations have been increasingly reported. The mild encephalitis or encephalopathy associated with reversible corpus callosum lesions or mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is a rare clinical and radiographic syndrome. At present, the pathogenesis of MERS caused by COVID-19 is still unclear, and its pathogenesis may include hypoxic damage, inflammatory response, immune disorders, changes in osmotic pressure, excitatory amino acid toxicity, oxidative stress and functional abnormalities of renin-angiotensin system. This paper reports a case of severe COVID-19 complicated with MERS, and discusses the pathogenesis from a pathophysiological point of view.

Las células dendríticas plasmacitoides evocan la respuesta efectora de los linfocitos T citotóxicos específicos para Salmonella / The plasmacytoid dendritic cells evoke Salmonella-specific CTL effector response

Resumen Introducción. La función inmunológica de las células dendríticas plasmacitoides durante las infecciones bacterianas, como la de Salmonella spp., es poco conocida. En ese contexto, se analizó su función efectora para presentar antígenos de Salmonella Typhimurium ante linfocitos T citotóxicos. Objetivo. Analizar la respuesta de los linfocitos T citotóxicos específicos para Salmonella evocada por las células dendríticas plasmacitoides. Materiales y métodos. Se usaron células dendríticas plasmacitoides marcadas con éster de succinimidil-carboxifluoresceína, pulsadas con el epítopo de Salmonella OmpC73 Kb- restringido o infectadas con S. Typhimurium como blanco en ensayos de citotoxicidad. Resultados. La lisis específica tuvo significación estadística usando células dendríticas plasmacitoides positivas pulsadas con OmpC73 en todas las relaciones de células efectoras y blanco (E:B) (p≤0,05); en cuanto a las células dendríticas plasmacitoides positivas para S. Typhimurium, solo se observó significación estadística en la relación de 1:100 (p≤0,05) usando las células efectoras OmpC73. Conclusión. Las células dendríticas plasmacitoides pueden evocar la respuesta de los linfocitos T citotóxicos durante la infección con S. Typhimurium.

Abstract Introduction: The immunological role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in bacterial infections such as Salmonella has been poorly documented. Therefore, we analyzed the effector function of these cells by presenting cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) with Salmonella Typhimurium antigens. Objective: To analyze the Salmonella-specific CTL response evoked by pDCs. Materials and methods: We used plasmacytoid dendritic cells stained with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and pulsed with OmpC73, Salmonella Kb- restricted epitopes or S. Typhimurium as targets for cytotoxicity assays. Results: Specific lysis was shown to be statistically significant in pDC + OmpC73 for all effector:target ratios (p≤0.05). For pDC + S. Typhimurium, statistical significance was only observed at a 1:100 ratio (p≤0.05) using OmpC73. Conclusion: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells evoke CTL response during S. Typhimurium infection.

Biocompatibilidade de pigmentos e a influência de diferentes métodos de incorporação em propriedades físicas e mecânicas de silicones para próteses bucomaxilofaciais / Biocompatibility of pigments and the influence of different incorporation methods on physical properties of silicones for bucomaxillofacial prostheses

Uma prótese ideal deve reproduzir as estruturas perdidas nos mínimos detalhes e ser imperceptível em público. Entretanto a natureza do defeito, as habilidades do protesista e os materiais de escolha limitam a beleza da prótese e, consequentemente o seu uso, já que a sua principal função é a recuperação da estética. Sendo assim, cor, forma e textura, são características primordiais que irão determinar o sucesso ou falha da prótese bucomaxilofacial, bem como a sua durabilidade. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a biocompatibilidade de um novo pigmento para coloração de próteses bucomaxilofaciais, bem como a influência dos métodos de incorporação de três pigmentos na estabilidade cromática, absorção e solubilidade, estabilidade dimensional e reprodução de detalhes dos silicones A2 A-2186 e Silastic MDX4-4210. Para a confecção das amostras, foram utilizados dois silicones faciais, três tipos de pigmentos, sendo dois deles específicos para caracterização de próteses bucomaxilofaciais nas cores bronze e preto, e um novo pigmento na cor rosa médio. Para se verificar a biocompatibilidade através dos testes in vitro de citotoxicidade com ensaios de MTT, Alamar Blue e Neutral Red com cultura de células foram confeccionadas 40 amostras, dividas em 8 grupos (n=5), de acordo com o silicone e pigmentos. Já para os testes físicos, foram confeccionadas 200 amostras para cada ensaio, divididas em 20 grupos (n=10), distribuídos de acordo com o tipo de silicone, pigmento adicionado e método de incorporação utilizado (industrial, laboratorial mecânica ou convencional). As leituras dos testes de estabilidade cromática, absorção e solubilidade, reprodução de detalhes e estabilidade dimensional foram realizadas no período inicial e ao término de cada ciclo de envelhecimento de 252, 504 e 1008 horas. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística, utilizando-se os testes de ANOVA (p<.05) e teste de Bonferroni para a biocompatibilidade e de Tukey para os ensaios físicos. Verificou-se, por meio dos resultados que o método de incorporação, pigmento, silicone e período avaliado influenciou as propriedades estudadas. Pode-se concluir que todos os materiais utilizados são biocompatíveis, o melhor método de Incorporação de pigmentos para estabilidade cromática é o industrial e o melhor pigmento o Rosa, todos os grupos apresentaram alterações cromáticas dentro do limite clínico considerado aceitável, os valores de absorção e solubilidade foram baixos para todos os grupos, a alteração dimensional resultou em contração das amostras, todos os grupos apresentaram uma ótima reprodução de detalhes (Escore 2)(AU)

An ideal prosthesis should reproduce the structures lost to the smallest details and be imperceptible in public. However, the nature of the defect, the skills of the prosthodontist and the materials of choice limit the beauty of the prosthesis and consequently its use, since its main function is the recovery of aesthetics. Thus, color, shape and texture are prime characteristics that will determine the success or failure of the bucomaxillofacial prosthesis as well as its durability. The present study aims to analyze the influence of the incorporation of three pigments on the color stability, absorption and solubility, dimensional stability and detail reproduction of the silicones A2 A-2186 and Silastic MDX4-4210, as well as the biocompatibility of a new pigment for staining of buccomaxillofacial prostheses. For the preparation of the samples, two facial silicones, three types of pigments were used, two of them specific for the characterization of bucomaxillofacial prostheses in bronze and black, and a new pigment in the medium pink color. In order to verify biocompatibility through in vitro cytotoxicity tests MTT, Alamar Blue and Neutral Red assays with cell culture, and 40 samples were prepared, divided into 8 groups (n=5), according to the silicon and pigments. For the physical tests, 200 samples were prepared for each test, divided into 20 groups (n=10), distributed according to the type of silicone, pigment added and method of incorporation used (industrial, mechanical or conventional laboratory). The chromatic stability, absorption and solubility, detail reproduction and dimensional stability readings were performed at baseline and at the end of each aging cycle of 252, 504 and 1008 hours. The data were submitted to statistical analysis, using ANOVA (p <.05) and Bonferroni test for biocompatibility and Tukey for physical tests. It was verified, through the results that the method of incorporation, pigment, silicone and period evaluated influenced the properties studied. It can be concluded that all the materials used are biocompatible, the best method of incorporation of pigments for chromatic stability is the industrial and pink is the best pigment, all groups presented chromatic alterations within the clinical limit considered acceptable, the absorption values and solubility were low for all groups, the dimensional change resulted in contraction of the samples, all groups presented a good reproduction of details (Score 2)(AU)

Synergistic lethal effect of combined treatment of arsenic trioxide and aclacinomycin on human acute myeloid leukemia cell line KG-1a / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To investigate the synergistic lethal effect and mechanism of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and aclacinomycin (ACM) on human acute myeloid leukemia cell line KG-1a.@*Methods@#Colony-forming assay was used to detect the proliferation of KG-1a cells treated with different concentration of ATO and ACM. Compusyn software was used to analyze the synergistic effect of ATO and ACM. Flow cytometry and Wright's staining were used to analyze the apoptotic rate of KG-1a cells induced by combined treatment of ATO and ACM. Western blot was used to determine the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis.@*Results@#The cytotoxicity of arsenic trioxide or aclacinomycin alone was in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptotic rate of KG-1a cells treated with both 0.4 μmol/L ATO and 10 nmol/L ACM was (34.5±3.1)%, significantly higher than (7.6±1.1)% of 0.4 μmol/L ATO treatment or (18.7±2.3) % of 10 nmol/L ACM treatment alone (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate of KG-1a cells treated with both 1.5 μmol/L ATO and 37.5 nmol/L ACM was (52.5±4.7)%, significantly higher than (19.1±3.2)% of 1.5 μmol/L ATO treatment or (27.7±2.2)% of 37.5 nmol/L ACM treatment alone (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate of KG-1a cells treated with both 3.0 μmol/L ATO and 75 nmol/L ACM was (61.3±4.5)%, significantly higher than (29.5±2.5)% of 3.0 μmol/L ATO treatment or (28.6±3.4) % of 75 nmol/L ACM treatment alone (P<0.05). In addition, the result of Wright's staining showed that combined treatment of ATO and ACM induced a more apparent phenotype of apoptosis when compared with single agent treatment. Compusyn software analysis showed that the combination index (CI) value of combined treatment group was less than 1, which indicated the synergistic effect of these two agents.@*Conclusions@#Combined treatment of ATO and ACM shows a synergistic lethal effect on human acute myeloid leukemia cell line KG-1a via activating the apoptotic pathway, which inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis.

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of calcium silicate-based cements on an osteoblast lineage

Abstract Several calcium silicate-based biomaterials have been developed in recent years, in addition to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and apoptosis/necrosis in human osteoblast cells (SAOS-2) of pure calcium silicate-based cements (CSC) and modified formulations: modified calcium silicate-based cements (CSCM) and three resin-based calcium silicate cements (CSCR1) (CSCR 2) (CSCR3). The following tests were performed after 24 hours of cement extract exposure: methyl-thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), apoptosis/necrosis assay and comet assay. The negative control (CT-) was performed with untreated cells, and the positive control (CT+) used hydrogen peroxide. The data for MTT and apoptosis were submitted to analysis of variance and Bonferroni's posttest (p < 0.05), and the data for the comet assay analysis, to the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p < 0.05). The MTT test showed no significant difference among the materials in 2 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL concentrations. CSCR3 showed lower cell viability at 10 mg/mL. Only CSC showed lower cell viability at 50 mg/mL. CSCR1, CSCR2 and CSCR3 showed a higher percentage of initial apoptosis than the control in the apoptosis test, after 24 hours exposure. The same cements showed no genotoxicity in the concentration of 2 mg/mL, with the comet assay. CSC and CSCR2 were also not genotoxic at 10 mg/mL. All experimental materials showed viability with MTT. CSC and CSCR2 presented a better response to apoptosis and genotoxicity evaluation in the 10 mg/mL concentration, and demonstrated a considerable potential for use as reparative materials.

Análise do perfil fenotípico e funcional das células natural Killer e linfócitos TCD8+ no Líquen plano / Analysis of phenotypic and functional profile of Natural Killer cells and CD8 + T lymphocytes in Lichen planus

Líquen plano (LP) é uma doença mucocutânea de natureza inflamatória crônica de etiologia ainda desconhecida. Alterações na resposta imune inata, como aos padrões moleculares associados à patógenos (PAMPs) e padrões moleculares associados ao dano (DAMPs) podem levar à inflamação crônica e contribuir com a patogênese do LP. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da ativação via o DAMP S100A8 e o receptor Toll-like 4 (TLR-4) em células Natural killer (NK) e TCD8 citotóxicas e suas subpopulações de memória/efetoras em pacientes com LP. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 25 pacientes com LP (22 mulheres, 3 homens) com idade média de 43,46 anos ± 8,46 e um grupo controle com 25 indivíduos (22 mulheres, 3 homens) com idade média de 42 anos ± 5,5. A determinação transcricional e da expressão por imunohistoquimica dos DAMPs S100A8, HMGB-1 e de TLR-4 e RAGE foi realizada em biópsias de lesões cutâneas de indivíduos com LP, e os níveis séricos de S100A8, HMGB-1, MICA e MICB foram determinados por ELISA. As células mononucleares (CMNs) de sangue periférico foram avaliadas por citometria de fluxo quanto a frequência de TNF, IL-1beta e o marcador de desgranulação CD107a em células TCD8+ e células NK CD56+ e suas subpopulações. A avaliação da via de sinalização de TLR em células TCD8+ purificadas e ativadas com S100A8 foi analisada por PCR array e a determinação da expressão de mRNA dos componentes do inflamassoma em células TCD8+ ativadas com S100A8 por PCR em tempo real. RESULTADOS: Foi evidenciado nos indivíduos com LP elevada expressão da proteína S100A8 nas lesões cutâneas e de HMGB-1, TLR-4 e RAGE na derme, em paralelo ao aumento da expressão de mRNAs para S100A8 e S100A9 e diminuição de RAGE. Além disto, uma elevação dos níveis séricos do dímero S100A8/A9 foi detectada nos pacientes comparados aos controles, ao contrário do DAMP HMGB-1 que mostrou níveis similares em ambos os grupos. A influência do S100A8 em células TCD8+ e células NK, foi analisada em CMNs pela ativação...

Lichen planus (LP) is a mucocutaneous inflammatory chronic disease of unknown etiology. Alterations in the innate immune response such as the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs) can lead to chronic inflammation and contribute to the pathogenesis of LP. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of the activation trough the DAMP S100A8 and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) on the Natural killer cells (NK) and cytotoxic TCD8 cells and their memory / effector subsets in LP disease. METHODS: We selected 25 patients with LP (22 women, 3 men) with a mean age of 43.46 years ± 8.46 and a control group of 25 subjects (22 women, 3 men) with a mean age of 42 ± 5, 5. The transcriptional determination and protein expression by immunohistochemistry of DAMPs, S100A8 and HMGB-1 as well as TLR-4 and RAGE was performed on biopsies of skin lesions from patients with LP, and serum levels of S100A8, HMGB-1, MICA and MICB were determined by ELISA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed by flow cytometry to evaluate the frequency of TNF, IL-1beta and the degranulation marker CD107a in CD8+ T cells and CD56 + NK cells and their subsets. The evaluation of the TLR signaling pathway in purified CD8 + T cells activated with S100A8 were analyzed by PCR array and the determination of mRNA expression of inflammasome components on CD8 + T cells activated by S100A8 was measured by real time PCR. RESULTS: It was shown in the LP individuals an increased expression of the S100A8 protein in the cutaneous lesions and HMGB-1, TLR-4 and RAGE in the dermis, in parallel to increased level of mRNAs for S100A8 and S100A9 and decreased expression of RAGE. Moerover, increased serum levels of the dimer S100A8 / A9 was detected in patients compared to controls, in contrast to DAMP HMGB1 that revealed similar levels in both groups. The influence of S100A8 in CD8 + T cells and NK cells, was analyzed in PBMC activating with...

Non Hodgkin T cell lymphoma: an atypical clinical presentation / Linfoma não Hodgkin de células T citotóxico: uma apresentação clínica atípica

Cytotoxic lymphomas comprise a spectrum of peripheral T-cell lymphomas that can have a initial or late cutaneous presentation. We describe a 46-year-old man from Cape Verde, with a dermatosis involving his face and trunk, consisting of monomorphic papules with a smooth surface and both motor and sensory polyneuropathy.The hypothesis of leprosy was supported by the clinical and initial hystopathological findings and the patient was referred to our hospital with suspected Hansen's disease. In the new skin and lymph node biopsies a lymphocyte population was identified whose immunohystochemistry study allowed the diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma with expression of cytotoxic markers. The patient was started on chemotherapy with initial remission of the skin lesions but, subsequently, progression of systemic disease.

Os linfomas citotóxicos compreendem um espectro de linfomas de células T periféricos e linfomas Natural Killer que podem ter expressão cutânea primária ou secundária. Descrevemos o caso de um homem com 46 anos de idade, natural de Cabo Verde,com dermatose envolvendo a face e tronco constituída por pápulas monomorfas superfície lisa e polineuropatia sensitivo motora.A hipótese de Hanseníase foi colocada suportada por achados histopatológicos sugestivos sendo o doente referenciado à consulta de Doença de Hansen do nosso hospital. Em biopsia de pele e de gânglio identificou-se proliferação linfocitária cujo estudo imunohistoquímico permitiu o diagnóstico de linfoma T com expressão de marcadores citotóxicos. Iniciou quimioterapia verificando-se inicialmente remissão parcial das lesões cutâneas mas posteriormente a progressão da doença sistémica.

In vitro proliferation of CIK cells from the cord blood and the experimental research of their anti-tumor effect / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To build the experimental basement for the clinical use of cytokines induced killer(CIK)cells from the cord blood mononuclear cells(CBMNC)in tumor adoptive cellular immunotherapy, an effective protocol for their proliferation in vitro and cytotoxicity of CIK cells was established.Methods The lymphocytes from umbilical cord blood were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and suspended in medium with CD_3 mAb,rIL-2,rIL-1 and IFN-? as inducing agents to prepare CIK cells.At the same time, the lymphokine activated killer(LAK)and CBMNC were set as controls,which were only added IL-2 and not any cytokines during the whole culture.The changes of CIK cells before and after induction were observed with microscope and the phenotypes of the cells were analyzed by using flow cytometry.The proliferation of CIK cells were determined by trypan blue exclusion assay and the cytotoxic activity to lung cancer cell were tested with MTF method.Results According to the experiment,combining use of four types of cytokines could generate a great deal of CIK cells possessing highly cytotoxicity.From day 5 CIK cells became to prolif- erate and reached the peak at day 14.During the whole period,the relative percentage of CD_3~+ CD_(56)~+ cells in- creased significantly.Compared with LAK cells,which reached the proliferation peak at day 7 and then showed no evident proliferation.The control cells(CBMNC)showed no evident change of phenotypes and proliferation.CIK cells showed a higher antitumor activity on the tumor cells than LAK cells and CBMNC in vitro.Conclusion Umbilical cord blood can generate a great deal of CIK cells combining used with cy- tokines.Compared with classic LAK cells,umbilical cord blood CIK cells have the advantages of rapid prolif- eration speed and powerful cytotoxicity.CIK cells will be promising as a new strategy for the adoptive cellular immunotherapy of tumor.

Specific antibody to calpain induces schistosomulicidal activity of Schistosoma japonicum in vitro / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To explore the efficacy and protective mechanism of calpain, a calcium activated neutral proteinase as a vaccine candidate molecule. Methods Anti calpain sera were prepared by immunized BALB/c mice with recombinant calpain. Anti calpain sera, schistosomula of Schistosoma japonicum , and mouse eosinophils were incubated at 37 ?C , 5% CO 2 for 48 hours, and the adherence of eosinophils to schistosomula and its schistosomulacidal efficacy were observed. Results Mice immunized with recombinant calpain produced a high level IgG antibodies specific to the antigen immunized. Immunoblotting analysis showed murine anti recombinant calpain sera bound specifically to recombinant calpain. Ninety six percent of schistosomula were surrounded by cells when incubated with mouse eosinophils, and a significant number of dead schistosomula was observed at 48 hours when incubated with mouse serum and eosinophils as compared with control serum and eosinophils ( P

rIL-2,TNF-?,IFN-? and anti-CD3/anti-glioma bispecific antibodies cooper atively enhancing T lymphocytes' cytotoxicity against human glioma cells / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: : To observe whether cytokines rIL 2,TNF ?,I FN ? and anti CD3/anti glioma bispecific antibody(BsAb) can work coordinately, and to investigate how to further enhance cytotoxicity of T lymphocyte against human glioma cells by BsAb. Methods: There were 12 groups,contr ast method were used to analyze the effect of cytokines rIL 2,TNF ?,IFN ? to cytoxicity directed by BsAb by single and combined experiments. Cytotoxicity was assayed by standard 18 h 3H TdR incorporation release. Resul ts: rIL 2,TNF ?,IFN ? and BsAb could cooperatively enhance the cy totoxicity of effect cells( P

The cytotoxicity of IL-1? on primary cultured rat hepatocytes / 中国普通外科杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of IL-1? on primary cultured rat hepatocytes (PCRH).MethodsUsing PCRH of Wistar rats, the cytotoxicity of IL-1? (LDH release), the influence of IL-1? on cell proliferation and cellular energy metabolism (intracellular ATP content and KBR) were observed.ResultsIL-1? significantly increased LDH release on all 6 culture conditions with LDH activities of 22?2,25?4,18?5,12?4,15?5 and 11?4, in individual controls compared with 36?3,43?5,34?6,31?4,31?5 and 22?3,in individual IL-1? treated groups, all P

Cytotoxicity to HL-60 cell line and direct viral inactivation of neutrophil defensins / 中国病理生理杂志

A number of low molecular weight cationic peptides, named defensins,were purified from neutrophil granuals. Its in vitro cytotoxicity to HL-60 cell line anddirect viral inactivation were examined. The results showed that when incubated with NP-1 and NP-2(100?g/ml) fot 6 hours, more than 60% of HL-60 cells were killed. WhenHerpes simplex virus type I(HSy-I) and influenza virus B strain Beijing 87-1 wereincubated with NP-1(260?g/ml) at 37?C in water bath for 60 min, a marked reduction(98.2% and 90% ) in virus TCID_50 was observed. The results suggested that neutrophilgranulocyte might be able to synthesize peptides which have the cytotoxic and antiviralacitivities.

Tetrabromobisphenol-A and Related Environmental Problems / 环境与健康杂志

Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBP-A) is the most widely used brominated flame retardant in the world. It is a kind of potential environmental endocrine disruptor, similar to the persistent organic pollutants. It can accumulate in the environment and biota and it has adverse effects on the environment and the living creature, such as disrupting the action of hormones related to the skeleton and brain development. Research progresses on TBBP-A, including toxicology, analysis methods, were reviewed in this paper.