Evolução da completude das informações sobre suicídios no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, 1996 a 2015 / Evolution of the information completeness on suicides in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, from 1996 to 2015

Resumo Introdução O suicídio representa um importante problema de saúde pública no mundo. Considerado um fenômeno complexo, está associado a fatores sociais, biológicos e demográficos. A qualidade dos dados registrados na declaração de óbito é fundamental para conhecer a magnitude deste problema e subsidiar a construção de indicadores epidemiológicos que contribuem para a eficiência da gestão em saúde. Objetivo Analisar a evolução da completude dos registros de suicídio do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) no estado de Pernambuco, entre 1996 e 2015. Métodos Calculou-se a proporção de completude das variáveis da Declaração de Óbito. Para análise da tendência da completude, empregou-se o modelo de regressão Joinpoint. Resultados Houve tendência de aumento de completude das variáveis analisadas, com destaque para "raça/cor", "estado civil" e "escolaridade", com aumento superior a 60,0%. Conclusão A análise de tendência temporal mostrou melhoria no preenchimento dos dados sobre suicídio no SIM, porém, ainda figura o desafio de alcançar menos de 5,0% de incompletude para todas as variáveis. A avaliação da completude dos registros de suicídio contribui com o sistema de vigilância e com o aprimoramento das estatísticas vitais relacionadas às causas externas.

Abstract Background Suicide represents an important public health problem in the world. Considered a complex phenomenon it is associated with social, biological and demographic factors. The quality of the data registered in the Death Certificate is fundamental to know the magnitude of this problem and subsidizes the construction of epidemiological indicators that contribute to the efficiency of health management. Objective To analyze the evolution of the completeness of suicide records in the mortality information system (SIM) of the state of Pernambuco, between 1996 and 2015. Method The proportion of completeness of the death certificate variables was calculated. For the analysis of the completeness trend, the Joinpoint Regression model was used. Results There was a tendency to increase the completeness of the variables analyzed, with an emphasis on "race/color", "marital status", and "education level", with an increase of more than 60%. Conclusion Analysis of temporal trends showed an improvement in the filling of suicide data into the SIM. However, the challenge remains to reach less than 5% incompleteness across all variables. The assessment of the completeness of suicide records in the SIM is relevant for contributing to the suicide surveillance system and for the improvement of vital statistics related to external causes.

Avaliação da incompletude dos registros de óbitos por causas externas do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade no Rio Grande do Sul, 2000-2019 / Assessment of incompleteness of Mortality Information System records on deaths from external causes in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2000-2019 / Evaluación de la incompletitud de los registros de defunción por causas externas del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2000-2019

Objetivo: avaliar a incompletude dos dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) para óbitos por causas externas (CEs) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2000-2019. Métodos: estudo ecológico, com dados do SIM para a totalidade das CEs e, especificamente, por acidentes de transporte, homicídios, suicídios e quedas; analisou-se a tendência da incompletude via regressão de Prais-Winsten, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: 146.882 óbitos foram avaliados; sexo (0,1%), local de ocorrência do óbito (0,1%) e idade (0,4%) mostraram as menores incompletudes, em 2019; a proporção de incompletude apresentou tendência decrescente para local de ocorrência do óbito e escolaridade, crescente para estado civil e estável para idade e raça/cor da pele, entre todos os tipos de óbito avaliados. Conclusão: as variáveis analisadas alcançaram alto grau de preenchimento; à exceção do estado civil e da escolaridade, para as quais persistiram escores insatisfatórios para óbitos por CEs, totais e por subgrupos.

Objective: to evaluate the incompleteness of Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade - SIM) data on deaths from external causes (ECs) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2000-2019. Methods: This was an ecological study, using SIM data on all deaths from external causes and, specifically, from transport accident, homicides, suicides and falls; the analysis of the trend of incompleteness was performed by means of Prais-Winsten regression, with a 5% significance level. Results: A total of 146,882 deaths were evaluated; sex (0.1%), place of death (0.1%) and age (0.4%) showed the lowest incompleteness in 2019; the proportion of incompleteness showed a decreasing trend for the place of death and schooling, an increasing trend for marital status and a stable trend for age and race/skin color, among all types of death evaluated. Conclusion: the variables analyzed reached a high degree of completion; with the exception of marital status and schooling, for which unsatisfactory scores persisted for deaths from ECs, both total and by subgroups.

Objetivo: evaluar la incompletitud de los datos del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad (SIM) para las defunciones por causas externas (CEs) en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2000-2019. Métodos: estudio ecológico con datos del SIM por causas externas, totales y por accidentes de tránsito, homicidios, suicidios y caídas; se utilizó la regresión de Prais-Winsten para evaluar la tendencia de incompletitud, con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: se evaluaron 146.882 muertes; sexo (0,1%), lugar de muerte (0,1%) y edad (0,4%) mostraron menos incompletitud en 2019; la tendencia de la proporción de incompletitud disminuyó para el lugar de ocurrencia y la educación, aumentó para el estado civil y se mantuvo estable para edad y raza/color del piel para todo tipo de muertes evaluadas. Conclusión: las variables analizadas lograron alta calidad de información, con excepción del estado civil y educación, que persistieron con incompletitud insatisfactoria para las muertes por CE (total y subgrupos).

Análisis de causas de muerte intrahospitalarias mal definidas e imprecisas / Analysis of ill-defined and imprecise in-hospital causes of death

Introducción: la información sobre las causas de muerte es de gran importancia tanto para los países como para las instituciones sanitarias, en la medida en que contribuye a la evaluación y el seguimiento del estado de salud de la población y a la planificación de intervenciones sanitarias. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la proporción de causas de muerte mal definidas e imprecisas y su relación con el día de la semana y período lectivo de médicos residentes en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (HIBA) durante 2020. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal a partir de certificados médicos de defunción de pacientes fallecidos en el ámbito intrahospitalario, evaluando las causas de muerte mal definidas (términos médicos que no aportan información desde el punto de vista clínico y epidemiológico) y las imprecisas (no resultan lo suficientemente específicas como para identificar entidades nosológicas que permitan establecer acciones de prevención y control). Resultados: se analizaron 1030 certificados de defunción, con una proporción de certificados con causa básica de muerte mal definida del 2,3% (n = 24), mientras que en el 17,4% (n = 180) fue imprecisa. No se hallaron diferencias entre la proporción de causas básicas mal definidas y las imprecisas según el día de la semana o período lectivo. Al extender el análisis a todas las causas (básicas, mediatas e inmediatas), la proporción de causas mal definidas fue del 1,6% (n = 40) y la de imprecisas del 51% (n = 1212). Conclusiones: los resultados definen al HIBA como un centro de mediana calidad estadística en el registro de causas de muerte. Se concluye que es necesario mejorarla, para lo que resulta de interés la creación de un plan de capacitación y entrenamiento de los médicos en el grado y el posgrado. (AU)

Introduction: information on causes of death is of great importance both for countries and for health institutions, as it contributes to the evaluation and monitoring of the health status of the population and to the planning of health interventions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the proportion of ill-defined and imprecise causes of death and its relationship with the day of the week and academic calendar during 2020 at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out from data recorded in the death certificates of patients who died in the intrahospital setting, evaluating ill-defined causes of death (medical terms that do not provide clinical or epidemiological information) and imprecise ones (not specific enough to identify nosological entities susceptible to prevention or control). Results: 1030 death certificates were analyzed. The proportion of certificates with ill-defined underlying causes of death was 2.3% (n=24), while 17.4% (n=180) was imprecise. No significant differences were found between the ill-defined and imprecise underlying causes of death and the day of the week and academic calendar. When extending the analysis to all causes (underlying, intermediate, and immediate) the percentage of ill-defined causes was 1.6% (n=40) and 51% (n=1212) was imprecise. Conclusions: results define our hospital as of medium statistical quality on medical death certification. It is concluded that it is necessary to improve the quality of the registry, for which the creation of a training plan for undergraduate and graduate physicians is of interest. (AU)

La cobertura de muertes con certificación médica en el Perú, 2012-2019 / Coverage of deaths with medical certification in Peru, 2012-2019

RESUMEN El fortalecimiento de los sistemas de registro civil y estadísticas vitales (RCEV) es indispensable para evaluar el impacto de las intervenciones sanitarias y los efectos de las emergencias sanitarias. El Perú enfrentó la pandemia de la COVID-19, en pleno proceso de fortalecimiento del sistema de RCEV, en el que destacó la implementación de SINADEF, lo que le permitió mejorar la calidad y la cobertura de la información sobre la mortalidad. Se realizó una recopilación de información de diversas fuentes de información pública para calcular la cobertura de la mortalidad en el Perú para el periodo 2012 a 2019. La cobertura de las muertes con certificación médica ascendió de 57,65% en 2016 a 71,6% en 2019 y mejoró en todas las regiones del Perú a nivel nacional, adicionalmente, la certificación en línea de las defunciones ascendió de 29% en 2017 a 86% en 2020. El SINADEF ha permitido implementar un sistema de vigilancia rápida de la mortalidad y medir el exceso de la mortalidad que se viene produciendo en el contexto de la pandemia.

ABSTRACT The strengthening of civil registration and vital statistics (RCEV) systems is essential to assess the impact of health interventions and the effects of health emergencies. Peru faced the COVID-19 pandemic, in the process of strengthening the RCEV system, in which the implementation of SINADEF stood out, which allowed it to improve the quality and coverage of information on mortality. A compilation of information from various public information sources was carried out to calculate the coverage of mortality in Peru for the period 2012 to 2019. The coverage of deaths with medical certification rose from 57.65% in 2016 to 71.6% in 2019 and improved in all regions of Peru at the national level, additionally, online certification of deaths rose from 29% in 2017 to 86% in 2020. The SINADEF has made it possible to implement a rapid mortality surveillance system and measure the excess mortality that is occurring in the context of the pandemic.

Time trend and causes of HIV/AIDS mortality in the state of Santa Catarina, 2010­2019 / Tendência temporal e causas de mortalidade por HIV/AIDS no estado de Santa Catarina, 2010­2019

Introduction: Although the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has no cure, antiretroviral treatment has considerably increased the survival of people living with the disease or with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), reducing the incidence of opportunistic infections in these patients. Thus, this treatment changed mortality rates and diversified the causes of death, including reasons related to increased longevity, such as chronic noncommunicable diseases, common in the uninfected population. Therefore, the current epidemiological transition motivated us to study the death profile of people with HIV/AIDS in the state of Santa Catarina. Objective: To investigate case characteristics, as well as the time trend and distribution of deaths, among people with HIV/AIDS in Santa Catarina between 2010 and 2019. Methods: In this ecological, epidemiological study, we consulted all death records from the Santa Catarina Mortality Information System that had HIV/AIDS among the causes and occurred between 2010 and 2019. Results: A total of 5,174 death records were analyzed. In the period, the mean mortality rate among people with HIV/AIDS was 7.64 deaths per 100 thousand inhabitants (95% confidence interval ­ 95%CI 6.61­8.67) ­ 8.99 in 2010 and 6.06 in 2019 ­, showing a downward trend of 0.38% per year. Conclusion: We identified a downward trend in mortality. Deaths were concentrated on the coast, in more populous cities. Furthermore, the finding of improper completion of the death certificate points to the need to invest in improving the training of professionals responsible for this document.

Introdução: Embora a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS) não tenha cura, o tratamento antirretroviral aumentou consideravelmente a sobrevida das pessoas que vivem com a doença ou com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), diminuindo a ocorrência de infecções oportunistas nesses pacientes. Assim, esse tratamento mudou as taxas de mortalidade e diversificou as causas de óbito, incluindo motivos relacionados ao aumento da longevidade, como doenças crônicas não transmissíveis comuns à população não infectada. Dessa forma, a atual transição epidemiológica motiva o estudo do perfil dos óbitos em pessoas com HIV/AIDS no estado de Santa Catarina. Objetivo: Investigar as características dos casos, a tendência temporal e a distribuição dos óbitos em pessoas com HIV/AIDS no estado de Santa Catarina entre os anos de 2010 e 2019. Métodos: Neste estudo epidemiológico com delineamento ecológico, foram consultados todos os registros de óbitos do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade de Santa Catarina ocorridos entre os anos de 2010 e 2019 que apresentassem entre as causas o HIV/AIDS. Resultados: Foram analisados 5.174 registros de óbitos. A taxa de mortalidade média entre pessoas com HIV/AIDS do período foi de 7,64 óbitos a cada 100 mil habitantes (95% intervalo de confiança ­ IC95% 6,61­8,67), sendo de 8,99 em 2010 e 6,06 em 2019, mostrando tendência de queda de 0,38 pontos percentuais ao ano. Conclusão: Observou-se tendência de queda na mortalidade. A concentração dos óbitos foi na faixa litorânea, em cidades mais populosas. Ademais, a constatação do falho preenchimento da declaração de óbito aponta para a necessidade de investir no aprimoramento do treinamento dos profissionais responsáveis por esse documento.

Perfil epidemiológico das mães e crianças constantes nas declarações de nascidos vivos e nas declarações de óbito / Epidemiological profile of mothers and children contained in the declarations of live births and the death certificates

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico das mães e das crianças constantes nas declarações de nascidos vivos e nas declarações de óbito. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados secundários obtidos no Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) e no Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM) da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Fortaleza - CE. A amostra foi constituída por 588 registros, sendo 147 óbitos e 441 não óbitos. As variáveis analisadas foram: idade, escolaridade, estado civil materno, tipo de gestação, número de consultas de pré-natal, idade gestacional, tipo de parto, sexo da criança, índice de Apgar no 1o e no 5° minuto e peso ao nascer. Na análise descritiva, utilizaram-se valores absolutos e relativos, média e desvio padrão. Na análise inferencial utilizou-se o teste do Qui-quadrado, ao nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Das variáveis estudadas, aquelas que apresentaram associação significativa com o desfecho foram: escolaridade (p < 0,001), tipo de gestação (p < 0,001), número de consultas de pré-natal (p = 0,025), idade gestacional (p < 0,001), tipo de parto (p < 0,001) e peso ao nascer (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Concluiu-se que, diferente do perfil epidemiológico dos não óbitos, os óbitos são caraterizados por serem de mães jovens, vivendo sem companheiro, pouco grau de instrução, com gravidez gemelar, idade gestacional menor que 36 semanas, parto vaginal e baixo peso do recém-nascido ao nascer.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of mothers and children in declarations of live births and death certificates. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with secondary data obtained from the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) and the Mortality Information System (SIM) of the Municipal Health Secretariat Office of Fortaleza-CE. The sample consisted of 588 records, 147 deaths and 441 non-deaths. The variables analyzed were: age, education, maternal marital status, gestation type, number of prenatal consultations, gestational age, type of delivery, gender, Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes, and birth weight. In the descriptive analysis, absolute and relative values, mean and standard deviation were used. In the inferential analysis, the chi-square test was used at a significance level of 5%. Results: Among the variables studied, those that were significantly associated with the outcome were: education (p<0.001), type of pregnancy (p<0.001), number of prenatal consultations (p=0.025), gestational age (p<0.001), type of delivery (p<0.001) and birth weight (p<0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that different from the epidemiological profile of non- death, deaths are characterized by being of young mothers, living without a partner, little education, twin pregnancy, gestational age less than 36 weeks, vaginal delivery, and low birth weight born of the newborn at birth.

Fatores associados à mortalidade por causas inespecíficas e mal definidas no estado do Amazonas, Brasil, de 2006 a 2012 / Factors associated with unspecified and ill-defined causes of death in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, from 2006 to 2012

Resumo Objetivou-se investigar fatores associados à mortalidade por causas inespecíficas e mal definidas no estado do Amazonas (AM). Desenvolveu-se um estudo seccional incluindo 90.439 registros de óbitos não fetais, com residência e ocorrência no AM entre 2006 e 2012. Foram estimadas razões de chances de causas inespecíficas e mal definidas por meio de regressão logística multinomial hierárquica. A proporção de causas mal definidas e inespecíficas foi, respectivamente, 16,6% e 9,1%. A ocorrência de causas mal definidas diminuiu ao longo dos anos e a de causas inespecíficas somente no último biênio. As causas inespecíficas associaram-se com residência e ocorrência do óbito fora da capital, via pública, sexo feminino, dos 10 aos 49 anos, cor parda e quando atestadas por legistas. As causas mal definidas associaram-se com residência e ocorrência fora da capital, em domicílios, a partir de 40 anos, cor não branca, não ser solteiro, baixa escolaridade, assistência médica e falta de informação sobre o atestante. A mortalidade por causas mal definidas e inespecíficas no AM declinou entre 2006 e 2012, associando-se às dimensões espacial e temporal, fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e à assistência médica na ocasião do óbito.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate factors associated with unspecified and ill-defined causes of death in the State of Amazonas (AM), Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study on 90,439 non-fetal deaths of residents in AM from 2006 to 2012. The hierarchical multinomial logistic model estimated odds ratios of unspecified and ill-defined causes of death. Ill-defined and unspecified causes of death proportional mortality was, respectively, 16.6% and 9.1%. Ill-defined causes showed a decreasing trend over the years, while unspecified causes only decreased in the last two years. Unspecified causes of death were associated with residence and death outside the capital, public roads, female gender, age group 10-49 years, brown skin color and when certified by forensic doctors. Ill-defined causes of death were associated with residence and occurrence outside capital, at home, ages 40 years and older, non-whites, not being single, low schooling, under medical care and when examiner was unknown. Ill-defined and unspecified cause mortality in the State of Amazonas decreased between 2006 and 2012 in AM and was associated with space and time, demographic and socioeconomic factors and medical care at the moment of death.

Survey about Death Certificates of Senile Patients Who Died of Pneumonia as A Complication ~from A Survey on The Diagnosis of Senility~ / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate cause of death recorded by home medical care physicians on the death certificates of senile patients who died of pneumonia as a complication, and to examine physician-level factors related to selection of the cause of death.Methods: We used a mail questionnaire survey to conduct a cross-sectional study of members of the Japan Network of Home Care-Supporting Clinics.Results: In total, 470 valid responses were received (response rate: 51.8%). The immediate cause of death was recorded as pneumonia in cases of complication by pneumonia "always" by 95 physicians (20.2%), "often" by 131 (27.9%), "sometimes" by 134 (28.5%), "rarely" by 91 (19.4%), and "never" by 19 (4.0%). Multivariate analysis revealed that female physicians were significantly less likely to record the immediate cause of death as senility (OR: 0.10, 95%CI: 0.01-0.71).Conclusion: The immediate cause of death recorded on death certificates varied in cases of senile patients who died of pneumonia as a complication. The present study also suggested that selection of the cause of death was influenced by the gender of physicians.

Declaração de óbito domiciliar na Atenção Primária à Saúde: acolhendo a morte no lar / Certificado de defunción domiciliaria en la Atención Primaria de la Salud: acogida de la muerte en el hogar / Home death certificate in Primary Health Care: welcoming death at home

A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é um cenário capaz de produzir cuidado em todas as fases da vida, desde o nascer ao morrer. Porém, o cuidado de saúde de pessoas gravemente enfermas requer uma abordagem complexa e holística desses sujeitos e famílias, sendo muitas vezes prestado em domicílio. Uma das atribuições relacionadas aos cuidados em fim de vida é a emissão da declaração de óbito quando este ocorre em domicílio. Pela perspectiva de uma médica de Família e Comunidade, relatou-se, de modo narrativo e reflexivo, uma experiência de um atendimento domiciliar para emissão de declaração de óbito. A partir dessa narrativa, discutiu-se sobre como a visita para declaração de óbito nos convida a entrar em um território repleto de subjetividades, que nos evoca muitas reflexões sobre o processo de morte e morrer, provocando transformações em nossa vida pessoal e profissional.(AU)

La Atención Primaria de la Salud es un escenario capaz de producir cuidado en todas las fases de la vida, desde el nacimiento hasta la muerte. No obstante, el cuidado de la salud de personas gravemente enfermas requiere un abordaje complejo y holístico de esos sujetos y familias, siendo muchas veces realizada a domicilio. Una de las atribuciones relacionadas con los cuidados al final de la vida es la emisión del certificado de defunción, cuando la misma ocurre en el domicilio. Bajo la perspectiva de una médica deFamilia y Comunidad, se relató de modo narrativo y reflexivo una experiencia de una atención domiciliaria para emisión de certificado de defunción. A partir de esa narrativa, se discutió sobre cómo la visita para el certificado de defunción nos invita a entrar en un territorio repleto de subjetividades que nos evoca muchas reflexiones sobre el proceso de la muerte y el morir, causando transformaciones en nuestra vida personal y profesional.(AU)

Primary Health Care is a scenario capable of producing care at all stages of life, from birth to death. However, the health care of severely ill people requires a complex and holistic approach to these subjects and families, often being provided at home. One of the duties related to end-of-life care is the issuance of a death certificate when death occurs at home. From the perspective of a Family and Community doctor a narrative and reflective experience is reported by a home care service for issuing a death certificate. From this narrative we discussed how the visit for the issuance of the death certificate invites us into a territory full of subjectivities, which evokes many reflections on the process of death and dying, causing changes in our lives both personally and professionally.(AU)

Estimated mortality rate and leading causes of death among individuals with chikungunya in 2016 and 2017 in Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: In 2014, the first cases of autochthonous chikungunya (CHIK) were recorded in Brazil. Lethality associated with this disease is underestimated. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the causes of death among individuals with CHIK in Brazil. METHODS: A descriptive observational study was conducted on individuals with CHIK who died within 6 months from symptom onset. Data pairing between the Information System for Notifiable Diseases and the Mortality Information System was performed. Deaths were classified according to case confirmation criterion, mention of CHIK in the death certificates (DCs), and disease phase. The lethality rate per 1,000 cases was corrected for underreporting and was estimated according to region, sex, age, years of education, race/color, and cause groups. RESULTS: We identified 3,135 deaths (mention of CHIK in the DCs, 764 [24.4%]). In 17.6% of these cases, CHIK was the underlying cause. Most deaths occurred in the acute (38.1%) and post-acute (29.6%) phases. The corrected LR (5.7; x1,000) was 6.8 times higher than that obtained from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (0.8). The highest corrected LRs were estimated for among individuals living in the Northeast region (6.2), men (7.4), those with low years of education and those aged <1 year (8.6), 65-79 years (20.7), and ≥80 years (75.4). CONCLUSIONS: The LR of CHIK estimates based on information system linkage help to reveal the relevance of this disease as the direct cause or as a cause associated with serious or fatal events, provide timely interventions, and increase the knowledge about this disease.

Assessment of death registration coverage and its delays in district Faridkot: an urban rural comparison

Background: Death registration has been made compulsory under the RBD Act 1969 as it acts as a back bone for planning services and formulates policies. According to CRS 2013, at national level, 70.9% of deaths were registered which is far from magic figure of 100% despite of concerted efforts of government. So this study was conducted to assess the coverage of death registration and its delays. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted over a period of one year where 332 households(166 each from urban and rural area reporting deaths in last two years were included in study after taking informed written consent. Relevant information was collected using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire by house to house survey. Coverage was calculated with possession of death certificate. Data was compiled and analyzed using EpiInfo07 (CDC, Atlanta, USA). Results: Out of 332 deaths, 245 (74%) out of which only140 (57%) possessed the death certificate. The main cause of death was cardiac diseases. Maximum coverage was seen in the age group 41-60 years. Delay in registration was seen in 48% with significantly higher proportion in rural area (59%) than in urban area (40%). Reasons for delay were time constraints, lack of knowledge and financial constraints. Socio demographic variables like religion, caste, type of family, family size and SES were not found to be associated with delay. Conclusions: The coverage of death registration was comparatively higher than national data and delay was observed in about half of the death registration coverage

Avaliação de um aplicativo para smartphone para aprimoramento da certificação médica da causa da morte / Evaluation of a smartphone application to improve medical certification of the cause of death

RESUMO Introdução: O aplicativo para smartphone AtestaDO foi desenvolvido para auxiliar o médico na certificação da causa de morte. Neste estudo se propõe avaliar a aceitabilidade desse aplicativo. Métodos: Médicos foram convidados para participar de reuniões sobre certificação correta da causa da morte e avaliar o aplicativo em três etapas dessas reuniões, realizadas em Natal e em dois grandes hospitais de Belo Horizonte. Resultados: Em Natal, 82% dos 38 médicos participantes tinham mais de 20 anos de graduação, e em Belo Horizonte, mais de 67% dos 58 médicos tinham menos de 5 anos de graduação. As seções "Interface do aplicativo", "Como atestar as causas de morte", "Prática com exercícios" e "Outras informações para o médico" foram bem avaliadas por mais de 50% dos médicos de Belo Horizonte. Em Natal, todas as seções foram bem avaliadas por pelo menos 80% dos médicos. Mais de 70% dos participantes de Natal e da segunda etapa de Belo Horizonte usariam o aplicativo para preencher a causa de morte. A probabilidade de usar o AtestaDO para dar aulas sobre preenchimento da Declaração de Óbito foi de 83% para médicos de Natal, mas inferior a 60% em Belo Horizonte. Nas três etapas, a maioria dos médicos recomendaria o uso do aplicativo para outros colegas. Conclusão: A avaliação do aplicativo AtestaDO mostrou boa aceitabilidade. Espera-se que o uso dessa ferramenta permita alcançar melhorias na certificação médica da causa do óbito.

ABSTRACT Introduction: A smartphone application named AtestaDO was developed to support physicians with medical certification of the cause of death. The objective of this study is to evaluate the acceptability of the app. Methods: Physicians were invited to attend meetings on the proper certification of cause of death, and to evaluate the application in a national workshop in Natal (first stage) and in two large hospitals in Belo Horizonte (second and third stages). Results: In Natal, 82% of 38 physicians had more than 20 years of experience and in Belo Horizonte, more than 67% of 58 physicians had less than 5 years of experience. The sections "Application interface", "How to certify the causes of death", "Practice with exercises" and "Other information for physicians" were positively evaluated by more than 50% of physicians in Belo Horizonte. In Natal, all sections were positively evaluated by at least 80% of participants. More than 70% of the participants in both Natal and the second stage of Belo Horizonte indicated they would possibly use AtestaDO to guide filling of a death certificate. The probability of using AtestaDO to teach classes on filling death certificates was 83.3% for Natal's physicians but less than 60% in Belo Horizonte. In the three stages, most physicians would recommend using the application to other colleagues. Conclusion: The evaluation of AtestaDO showed good acceptability. We expect that the use of this tool enables improvements in medical certification of causes of death.

Investigation of garbage code deaths to improve the quality of cause-of-death in Brazil: results from a pilot study / Investigação de óbitos por códigos garbage para melhoria da qualidade de causas de morte no Brasil: resultados de um estudo piloto

ABSTRACT Introduction: Reliable cause-of-death statistics are an important source of information on trends and differentials in population health. In Brazil, the Mortality Information System is responsible for compiling cause of death (CoD) data. Despite the success in reducing R-codes ill-defined causes of death, other garbage codes (GC), classified as causes that cannot be the underlying CoD, according to the Global Burden of Disease study, remain a challenge. The Ministry of Health (MoH) aims to decrease the proportion of all GCs, and a pilot study tested a comprehensive strategy to investigate GC deaths that occurred in 2015. Methods: The research was conducted in seven Brazilian cities during five months in 2016: two rural cities, one metropolitan area, and four capitals. For all GCs selected, municipal healthcare workers collected information about the terminal disease from hospital records, autopsies, family health teams, and home investigation. The fieldwork was coordinated at Federal level in partnership with State and municipal teams. Results: Out of 1,242 deaths selected, physicians analyzed the information collected and certified the CoD in 1,055 deaths, resulting in 92.6% of cases having their underlying cause changed to a usable ICD-10 code. Discussion: It is noteworthy the capacity the health teams in the seven cities showed during the implementation of the pilot. Conclusion: After results analysis, the GC investigation protocol was modified, and the implementation scaled up to 60 cities in 2017.

RESUMO Introdução: Estatísticas confiáveis em mortalidade são importante fonte de evidências de tendências e diferenciais na saúde da população. No Brasil, o Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade é responsável por compilar dados da causa de morte (CM). Embora tenha havido sucesso na redução de causas mal definidas de morte, ainda há um problema com outros códigos garbage (GC), classificados como causas de morte que não devem ser registradas como básicas, segundo o estudo de Carga Global de Doença. O Ministério da Saúde estabeleceu uma meta para diminuir a proporção de todos os GC e testou em estudo piloto uma estratégia abrangente para investigar as mortes. Métodos: A pesquisa foi realizada em 7 cidades do Brasil durante 4 meses: 2 em áreas rurais, 1 em área metropolitana e 4 em capitais. Os agentes municipais de saúde coletaram informações sobre a doença terminal obtida nos registros hospitalares, autópsias, equipes de saúde da família e investigação domiciliar. O trabalho de campo foi coordenado pelo nível federal, juntamente com as equipes estaduais e municipais. Resultados: Dos 1.242 óbitos selecionados, médicos analisaram as informações coletadas e certificaram a CM em 1.055 óbitos, resultando em 92,6% dos casos tendo sua causa subjacente alterada para código específico da CID-10. Discussão: Destaca-se a capacidade de articulação que as equipes de saúde apresentaram no cumprimento das etapas propostas para o trabalho. Conclusão: Após o estudo piloto, o protocolo de investigação foi modificado e sua implementação foi ampliada para 60 cidades em 2017.

Historical Changes of Korean Death Certificate Form / 대한법의학회지

The death certificate is a medical document that proves the death of a person and forms the basis of an administrative death report. It is a source of statistics on the cause of a person's death and the basic tool used in national health policy and health promotion activities. This study reviews the major categories of historical changes made to the Korean death certificate form over the years. During the Japanese colonial period, the death certificate form was first introduced under the Koii (public doctor) system. However, the first structurally organized form of the death certificate was based on the “National Medical Service Act” (June 26, 1955.); it was structurally very similar to the current form. Since the enactment of the “Enforcement Decree of the Medical Service Act”, the death certificate form has undergone structural changes 13 times. The changes made to the contents or format of the death certificate during its 98 revisions can be classified into eight categories: death certificate title, form language, personal information, place of death, cause of death, manner of death, information on unnatural death, and other changes (chart number, serial number, confirmation seal, etc.). The authors hope that future revisions to the Korean death certificate would make it easier to write.

Evaluación de la calidad de los certificados de defunción del Hospital Amor de Patria, de San Andrés Islas, Colombia, en 2014 / An Evaluation of the Quality of the Death Certificates from the Hospital Amor de Patria, San Andrés Island, Colombia, in 2014 / Avaliação da qualidade das certificações do passamento do Hospital Amor de Pátria, de Santo Andrés ilhas, Colômbia, no ano de 2014

Resumen Introducción: La calidad de la certificación médica de defunción en el componente de "causas" tiene una importancia fundamental en salud pública, además de sus consecuencias éticas, medicolegales y jurídicas. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad del diligenciamiento de las causas de muerte en el certificado de defunción en el Hospital Amor de Patria, de San Andrés Islas, con el propósito de generar las recomendaciones pertinentes que fortalezcan este sistema de información. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal, mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia para la selección del año. Se definieron las categorías de evaluación: "causas de defunción", "causa directa", "causa intermedia", "causa básica de la defunción", "otros estados patológicos" y "secuencia". Además, se llevó a cabo revisión de la calidad del diligenciamiento de las causas de muerte en el certificado de defunción desde dos puntos de vista: la estructura y la concordancia de los diagnósticos diligenciados en el certificado de defunción, con respecto a la certificación realizada por el equipo investigador. Se realizó cálculo de las proporciones de los errores tipificados, de concordancia e índice Kappa para las causas según Lista 6/67 de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Resultados: Se diligenciaron 172 certificados de defunción. De acuerdo con el sitio de defunción, 131 fallecimientos ocurrieron en la institución de salud y 41 en casa/domicilio; en el 9,9 % se identificó error de causa básica, y en el 10,5 %, ausencia de la secuencia; hubo concordancia en la causa básica en 55,9 % de las certificaciones. Conclusiones: Es necesario fortalecer la formación del talento humano institucional en la certificación de hechos vitales, dada la identificación de error en el 28 % de los certificados de defunción, con una concordancia moderada en la descripción de las causas de muerte, con un índice Kappa de 0,58.

Abstract Introduction: The quality of the medical death certifica te in the 'causes' section is of fundamental importance in public health, in addition to its ethical, medico-legal and juridical consequences. Objective: To evaluate the comple tion quality of the death certificates and the causes recorded at the Amor de Patria Hospital on the island of San Andrés (Colombia). Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive stu dy, using non-probability sampling for convenience of year selection. The evaluation categories were defined: "causes of death", "direct cause", "intermediate cause", "basic cau se of death", "other pathological states" and "sequence". Additionally, a review of the completion quality of the cau ses of death was carried out from two points of view: the structure and consistency of the diagnoses completed on the death certificate. Calculation was made of the proportions of typed errors, consistency and kappa statistic for the cau ses according to the 6/67 list of the Pan American Health Organization. Results: 172 death certificates were comple ted. According to the place of death, 131 deaths occurred in the health institution and 41 at home; in 9.9% an error of basic cause was identified, and in 10.5% the absence of the sequence; there was consistency in the basic cause in 55.9% of the certifications. Conclusion: It is necessary to enhance the training of institutional human talent in the certification of vital facts, given the identification of error in 28% of death certificates, with a moderate consistency in the causes of death, with a kappa statistic of 0.58.

Resumo Introdução: A qualidade da certificação médica do pas samento no componente das "causais" tem um relevo fun damental na saúde pública, além das suas consequências éticas, médico-legais e judiciarias. Objetivo: Avaliar a qua lidade da expedição da certificação do passamento e as suas causas no Hospital Amor de Pátria, de Santo Andrés ilhas. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo em forma de viés, median te amostras no probabilístico por conveniência para a seleção do ano. Se definiram as categorias da avaliação: "causais do passamento", "causal direta", "causal intermedia", "causal bá sica do passamento", "outros estados patológicos" e "sequen cia". Além disso, se levou até o fim a revisada da qualidade do analise das causas do passamento desde dois pontos de visão: a estrutura e a concordância das diagnoses cadastradas na cer tificação do passamento. Se realizou cálculo das proporções dos erros tipificados, em concordância e índice de Kappa pros causais segundo Lista 6/67 da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. Resultantes: Se expediram 172 certificações de passa mento. De acordo com o sitio de defunção, 131 falecimentos ocorreram na instituição de saúde e 41 na moradia/lar; no 9,9 % se identificou erro na causal básica, e no 10,5 %, ausência da sequência; houve concordância do causal básica no 55,9 % das certificações. Conclusões: É quesito engrossar a formação do talento humano institucional na certificação dos fatos vitais, dada a identificação dos erros do 28 % nas certificações dos passamentos, com uma concordância razoável das causas de morte cadastradas, com um Índice Kappa de 0,58.

Estudio comparativo sobre las causas de mortalidad entre personas con trastorno bipolar y una muestra control en Costa Rica entre 1995 y 2005 / Comparative study of mortality causes between subjects with bipolar disorder and a control sample between 1995 and 2005

Resumen Justificación: el trastorno afectivo bipolar afecta entre un 1 % y un 2 % de la población mundial. Se ha descrito que se acompaña de un aumento en la mortalidad por causas tanto violentas como no violentas. Existen pocos estudios en el país acerca de las causas de muerte en esta población. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las causas de muerte de personas con trastorno afectivo bipolar y compararlas con las de controles sanos. Métodos: de los sujetos con trastorno afectivo bipolar previamente reclutados para estudios genéticos del Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular de la UCR, se seleccionó a las 154 personas que habían fallecido entre 1993 y 2005. Se eligieron 154 controles apareados por sexo, que hubiesen nacido y fallecido en el mismo periodo que el sujeto, con una diferencia no mayor a tres meses. El análisis estadístico consistió en una prueba exacta de Fisher con 1000 simulaciones del valor de p con Monte Carlo. Resultados: de los 154 sujetos, un 50 % (n=77) fueron mujeres. No hubo diferencia en la causa de muerte entre sexos. Se encontró diferencia significativa en las principales causas de muerte entre casos y controles (p<0,05). Se observó una diferencia significativa en las categorías de "lesiones autoinflingidas" (χ2 (1)=11.0, p<0,05) y "cáncer" (χ2(1)= 4,1, p= 0,04). No se documentó diferencia en enfermedad cardiovascular (χ2(1)=0,3, p= 0,61), neumonía (χ2(1)=3,1, p= 0,07) y accidentes (χ2(1)= 2,0, p= 0,16). Conclusión: como se ha documentado en bibliografía internacional, las lesiones autoinfligidas son la causa de muerte de mayor importancia en la población afectada con trastorno afectivo bipolar.

Abstract Background: Bipolar disorder affects 1% to 2% of the world population. It has been described that it is accompanied by an increase in mortality from both violent and non-violent causes. Few studies have been published in our country about causes of death in this particular population. The objective of our study is to analyze the causes of death of subjects with bipolar disorder and compare them to healthy controls. Methods: From the pool of subjects with bipolar disorder previously recruited for genetic studies conducted at the Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Centre of the UCR, we recruited the 154 subjects who had died between 1993 and 2005. Controls of the same sex who were born and died in the same period as the subject, with a difference no greater than three months, were selected. For the statistical analysis we ran a Fisher's exact test with 1000 simulations of the p-value with Monte Carlo. Results: Of 154 subjects, 50% (n=77) were women. We found no difference in the cause of death between sexes among the cases. A significant difference in the main causes of death was found between cases and controls (p<0.05). A significant difference was observed in the categories of "self-inflicted lesions" (χ2 (1)=11.0, p<0.05) and "cancer" (χ2(1)= 4.1, p= 0.04). No difference was documented in cardiovascular disease, (χ2(1)=0.3, p= 0.61), pneumonia (χ2(1)=3.1, p= 0.07) nor accidents (χ2(1)= 2.0, p= 0.16). Conclusion: Self-inflicted lesions, as has been documented in international literature, are a cause of death of major importance in the population affected with bipolar disorder.

Resultados preliminares del fortalecimiento del sistema informático nacional de defunciones / Preliminary results of the strengthening of the national death registry information system

El Perú tiene una baja cobertura de defunciones con causa de defunción (54 %) y una mala calidad del registro de las causas de defunción, mas de 45 % de las causas de muerte se clasifican como mal definidas o poco útiles para la formulación de políticas públicas. En respuesta a estos problemas, el Ministerio de Salud, junto a otras agencias gubernamentales, con el apoyo de la Iniciativa Bloomberg «Información para la Salud¼ está implementando el Sistema Informático Nacional de Defunciones (SINADEF). El objetivo de este artículo es describir el proceso de fortalecimiento del sistema de información de la mortalidad en Perú, centrado en la implementación del SINADEF. Se describe las actividades que se vienen realizando en los siguientes ejes: a) Gestión del sistema de información de la mortalidad, b) Estandarización de procesos, c) Uso de tecnología de información y comunicación, d) Cobertura de las defunciones con certificación médica, e) Mejora de la calidad de la información, f) Desarrollo de estudios y g) Monitoreo de los procesos. Desde el inicio de la implementación del SINADEF, en agosto de 2016 hasta julio de 2018, se han creado 28 407 usuarios del aplicativo del SINADEF y se han registrado un total de 122 411 defunciones. Se ha mejorado la calidad del registro de los datos, incluyendo la causa de defunción, pero aún persiste la baja cobertura de defunciones con causa de muerte.

Peru has a low coverage of deaths with a cause of death (54%) and a poor-quality registration of causes of death, as about 30% of causes of death are classified as poorly-defined or not very useful for the formulation of public policies. In response to these problems, the Ministry of Health, together with other government agencies, with the support of the Bloomberg Philanthropies «Data for Health Initiative,¼ is implementing the National Death Registry Information System (SINADEF). The objective of this article is to describe the process of strengthening the mortality information system in Peru, focused on the implementation of SINADEF. The activities that have been carried out are described in the following areas: a) Management of the mortality information system, b) Process standardization, c) Use of information and communication technology, d) Coverage of deaths with medical certificate, e) Improvement of the quality of information, f) Development of studies, and g) Monitoring of processes. Since the implementation of SINADEF in August 2016 until July 2018, 28,407 users of the SINADEF application have been created and a total of 122,411 deaths have been registered. The quality of data recording, including the cause of death, has been improved, while low coverage of deaths with a cause of death still persists.

Survey on the Diagnosis of Senility as the Cause of Death in Home Medical Care / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

Introduction: Although the number of deaths following a diagnosis of senility is increasing in Japan, the criteria of senility are unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate methods to diagnose senility in home medical care.Methods: We mailed questionnaires to 908 members of the Japan Network of Home Care-Supporting Clinics.Results: In total, 535 members (58.9%) responded. Responses of 501 members who selected senility as the cause of death were analyzed. Most doctors considered "continuous care of the patient", "the patient's ADL and gradual decline in oral intake", and "the absence of other critical diseases" to be important when diagnosing senility. The items affecting a diagnosis of senility were "the family's understanding and opinions", "other diseases being medically excluded", and "contribution to the patient's QOL".Conclusion: In home medical care, many doctors consider continuity of care, gradual decline, and the absence of other critical diseases to be important when diagnosing senility. Non-medical aspects, such as the family's opinions and patient's QOL, affected the diagnosis.

Calidad del registro del certificado de defunción en un hospital pediátrico de Lima, Perú / Quality registration of the death certificate in a hospital pediatric of Lima, Perú

Introducción. Los certificados de defunción son documentos legales que cuentan con datos epidemiológicos y estadísticos necesarios para la toma de decisiones a nivel hospitalario, siendo de vital importancia el correcto llenado de este documento. Objetivo. Determinar la calidad del registro del Certificado de Defunción en el Hospital de Emergencias Pediátricas durante el periodo 2010-2014. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo y transversal. Lugar. Hospital de Emergencias Pediátricas, Lima Perú. Materiales. Se incluyeron 60 certificados de defunción emitidos durante los años 2010 a 2014. Intervenciones. Se utilizó una ficha siguiendo los criterios utilizados en un estudio peruano anterior. Principales medidas de resultados. Se evaluó la calidad de los certificados empleando una escala ordinal de cuatro categorías; buena, regular, mala y pésima calidad. Resultados. De los 60 certificados de defunción evaluados, más del 50% fue de mala y pésima calidad, alcanzando solo el 47% de regular calidad. Conclusiones. El mayor porcentaje de certificados de defunción presentan mala y pésima calidad, siendo necesario capacitar a los profesionales médicos en el correcto llenado de este documento. Además sería importante implementar el uso del certificado de defunción electrónico, a fin que los decisores en salud puedan contar oportunamente con los correspondientes datos epidemiológicos y estadísticos.

Introduction. Death Certificates are legal documents which have epidemiological and statistics data needed for decision making at the hospital level, being of vital importance the correct filling of this document. Objective. To determine the quality of the registration of the Certificate of Death in the Emergencias Pediátricas Hospital during the period 2010-2014. Design. descriptive and cross-sectional study. Place. Emergencias Pediátricas Hospital, Lima Perú. Materials. 60 death certificates were included during the years 2010 to 2014. Interventions. A file chart was used following the criteria used in a previous Peruvian study. Main outcome measures. The quality of the certificates was evaluated using an ordinal scale of four categories: Good, regular, bad and worst quality. Results. Of the 60 death certificates evaluated, more than 50% were of bad and worst quality, reaching only 47% of regular quality. Conclusions. The highest percentage of death certificates present bad and worst quality, being necessary to train the medical professionals in the correct filling of this document. Besides, it would also be important to implement the use of the electronic death certificate, so that health decision-makers can count on timely epidemiological and statistical data.

Age-Standardized Mortality Rates Related to Cirrhosis in Brazil from 2000 to 2012: A Nationwide Analysis

ABSTRACT Background. Cirrhosis remains the most frequent liver-related cause of death worldwide and we aimed to evaluate its burden in Brazil from 2000 to 2012. Material and methods. The Brazilian National Death Registry was analyzed from 2000 to 2012. Death by cirrhosis was defined by the presence of I85, K73 and/or K74 ICD 10 codes in contributing or underlying causes of death on the death certificate (DC). Crude mortality rates were calculated as the ratio of the absolute number of deaths and the estimated population. Mortality rates were age-adjusted by the direct standardization method using the WHO standard population. Results. A total of 265,180 deaths where cirrhosis was mentioned on the DC [77% male, aged 56 years] occurred from 2000 to 2012. Cirrhosis codes were present in 46% of liver-related deaths and 2% of all deaths in this period. Despite an increase in the absolute number of deaths (n = 18,245 to 22,340), the age-standardized mortality rates (95%CI) decreased from 13.32 (13.16-13.48) to 11.71 (11.59-11.83) per 100,000 inhabitants from 2000 to 2012 (p < 0.001). This trend was not uniform across the country, with decreases in death rates in the South [14.46 (14.07-14.87) to 10.89 (10.59-11.19)] and Southeast [15.85 (15.6-16.09) to 12.52 (12.34-12.70)] and increases in the North [8.84 (8.24-9.43) to 11.53 (11.08-11.99)] and Northeast [9.41 (9.13-9.69) to 10.93 (10.68-11.17)] (p < 0.001 for all). Conclusion. Cirrhosis remains a major public health issue, despite the reduction in mortality rates in the last decade.