Investigation of Pretreatment Methods for Comprehensive Resource Utilization of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex Dregs / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the pretreatment methods to promote the enzymatic digestion and extraction of active ingredients from Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex dregs（MOCD）， and to provide a reference basis for the utilization of resource components in MOCD. MethodLiquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS） was used for qualitative analysis of resource components in MOCD with an Agilent C18 reversed-phase column（3.0 mm×100 mm， 2.7 µm） at the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min-1， the mobile phase was water（A）-acetonitrile（B） for gradient elution（0-3 min， 25%-48%B； 3-6 min， 48%-59%B； 6-10 min， 59%-80%B； 10-20 min， 80%-90%B； 20-25 min， 90%B）， electrospray ionization（ESI） was employed with negative ion mode scanning and scanning range of m/z 50-1 200. A high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， which refered to the determination in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， was used for quantitative analysis of resource components in MOCD. Four kinds of pretreatment agents were used to separate the resource components from MOCD， and the mechanism of different pretreatment agents was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）， X-ray powder diffraction（XRD） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）. ResultMagnolol， honokiol and lignocellulose were identified as the main resource components of MOCD by qualitative and quantitative analysis. Under the conditions of 1% NaOH， reaction temperature at 80 ℃ and reaction time of 60 min， the concentration of reducing sugar produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis was 32.18 g·L-1， which was 79.8% higher than that of the untreated MOCD. After adding tween-80， the enzymatic hydrolysis time was reduced to 1/3 of the original time， the concentration of reducing sugar was increased by 102.0%. And the total recovery of magnolol and honokiol in the pretreatment solution was 69.23%. ConclusionMagnolol， honokiol and lignocellulosic components in MOCD are valuable for development and utilization， the combination of alkaline pretreatment and tween-80 can realize the recovery and utilization of these three resource components， which can provide a new idea for comprehensive utilization of resource components in MOCD.

Role of Nrf2 signaling pathway in liver regeneration and research progress of related drugs / 中国药理学通报

Liver can regenerate after chemical damage or partial hepatectomy. Liver regeneration is a complex process involving a variety of cytokines und multiple signal pathways. NK2 is a sensitive transcription factor of oxidation-reduction, which plays a regulatory role in cell defense, oxidation-reduction balance, inflammation and intermediate metabolism. It is closely related to cell proliferation. Some reports ha\e proved that liver regeneration is delayed after partial hepalectomy. Furthermore, ihis phenomenon is observed in the mice with absence of Nrf2. There fore. NrQ signaling pathway is involved in the process of liver regeneration. This article reviews the role of Nri2 signaling pathway in the process of liver regeneration according to the existing research results. We have also summarized the drugs that may affect liver regeneration or hepatocyte proliferation, hoping to find more drugs for liver diseases and provide ideas for the mechanism of the drugs.

Chemical constituents from the dregs of Euphorbia Alatavica / 中成药

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the dregs of Euphorbia Alatavica Boiss.METHODS The acetone-methanol extract from the dregs of E.Alatavica was isolated and purified by silica,Sephadex LH-20 and preparative-HPLC column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Nine compounds were isolated and identified as 8-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5H-pyrido [2,1-d] pyrazin-5-one (1),isoscopoletin (2),dihydroapigenin (3),β-carboline alkaloid (4),syringaresinol (5),pinoresinol (6),methylparaben (7),methyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (8),trimethyl3,4-dehydrochebulate (9).CONCLUSION All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time,compound 1 and 4 are isolated from the genus Euphorbia for the first time.

Protective Effect of Different Extraction Samples from Salvia miltiorrhiza Decoction against Acute Myocar-dial Ischemia Model Mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe the protective effect of different extraction samples from Salvia miltiorrhiza decoction on acute myocardial ischemia model mice. METHODS:96 mice were randomized into blank control group (normal saline),model group(normal saline),positive drug group [Compound Salvia miltiorrhiza tablet,4.6 mg(crude drug)/(kg·d)],high-dose,medi-um-dose and low-dose groups of water extract,supercritical CO2 extract and supercritical CO2 extract+dregs water extract [24,12, 6 mg(crude drug)/(kg·d)],with 8 mice in each group,12 groups in total. They were given medicine intragastrically once a day. On sixth day,30 min after giving drugs,those groups were given isoprenaline 20 mg/kg,ih,to induce myocardial ischemia model except for blank control group,once a day,for consecutive 3 d. Electrocardiogram ST segment variation of mice were observed. The times and duration of buccal respiration were observed after rapid decapitation,and the activities of CK and LDH in serum were determined. RESULTS:Compared with blank control group,electrocardiogram ST segment and the activity of CK and LDH increased in model group,while the times and duration of buccal respiration after rapid decapitation reduced(P<0.01);compared with model group,above indicators of medication groups had been improved (P<0.01),and were positively correlated to drug concentration;the indicators of supercritical CO2 extract+dregs water extract group were most close to those of blank control group. CONCLUSIONS:Different extraction samples from Saliva miltiorrhiza decoction all have protective effect on acute myocardial ischemia model mice,and the protective effect of supercritical CO2 extracting+dregs water extracting sample of Salvia Miltiorrhiza decoction is best.

Resource components analysis on Salvia miltiorrhiza residues in production process of Danhong Injection and its transformation mechanism / 中草药

Objective: To analyze the resource components (tanshinones and salvianolic acids) in Salvia miltiorrhiza residues in production process of Danhong Injection, explore the constituents transformation mechanism, and discover the resource utilization pathway for S. miltiorrhiza residues. Methods: The chemical constituents in S. miltiorrhiza and S. miltiorrhiza residues were extracted by methanol ultrasonic method. The HPLC-PDA analysis was carried out on a BDS HYPERSIL C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid solution as mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was maintained at 30℃. Then the residues resource utilization was further explored based on the research results and previous work. Results: The tanshinone components were virtually unused and remained in the residues during the production process of Danhong Injection. The contents of salvianolic acid A and protocatechuic aldehyde in the residues are higher than those in the salvia herbs. Conclusion: The tanshinones in S. miltiorrhiza residues are worthy of further development and utilization during the Danhong Injection production process. It provides a main basis for the resource utilization and development of S. miltiorrhiza residues.

Extraction process of triterpene acids in drugs of leaves of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the optimum extraction condition of triterpene acids in ldregs of leaves of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. METHODS: Single factor analysis and orthogonal experimental design were used to select the concentration of ethanol (A), solid-liquid ratio (B), extraction time (C), and extraction times (D) by L9(34) orthogonal test. RESULTS: The concentration of ethanol was the main process factor, and extraction times was the secondary factor. The optimum condition was A2B1C3D1, which included using 90% ethanol as the extraction solvent with 7 times the amount of φ, and 80°C heat back for 2 times, 1.5 h for each time. CONCLUSION: Ethanol has good extraction effect for triterpene acids in loquat residue. This study provides important information for the comprehensive utilization of leaves of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. resources by pharmaceutical manufacturers.

Utilização de farinha de silagem de pescado em dietas para o jundiá na fase juvenil / Use of fish silage flour in diets for the jundiá in the juvenile phase

Neste trabalho, foram avaliados o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça em juvenis de jundiá Rhamdia quelen, alimentados com farinha de silagem química de rejeitos de pescado em substituição à levedura de cana, em dietas à base de ingredientes vegetais (dieta controle). Os 135 animais (peso médio inicial de 48,11±5,54g) foram distribuídos em cinco tratamentos com três repetições ao acaso. Cada unidade de observação foi composta por um tanque circular (1000 litros) abastecido com 200 litros de água, com temperatura controlada, em um sistema fechado de criação contendo nove animais cada. Os peixes foram alimentados durante 75 dias, duas vezes ao dia, na proporção de 10 por cento da biomassa total. Foram testadas dietas contendo: 0, 12,5, 25, 37,5 e 50 por cento de farinha de silagem. Os resultados indicaram um efeito quadrático (P<0,05) da inclusão de farinha de silagem de pescado sobre o peso final, o ganho em peso, o comprimento total e a taxa de crescimento específico. A inclusão de 30- 33 por cento- da farinha de silagem química de rejeitos de pescado na dieta proporcionou melhor desempenho para juvenis de jundiá, não afetando a sobrevivência e a qualidade de água.

This study evaluated the productive performance and carcass yield of jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) fed with different fish dregs chemical silage flour concentrations in substitution to the sugar cane yeast in a diet based on vegetable ingredients (control diet). Animals with initial weight of 48.11±5.54g were distributed in 5 treatments with 3 replicates, in a completely randomized design. Each observation unit consisted of a 1,000 liter polipropilene tank, with 200 liters of water, with 9 animals, in a thermo-regulated system with water recirculation. During 75 days, twice daily (9h and 17h) the following diets were offered, in the proportion of 7 percent total biomass: 0 percent (control), 12.5 percent, 25 percent, 37.5 percent and 50 percent of silage flour. Results showed a quadratic effect (P<0.05) for inclusion levels of fish silage flour on final weight, weight gain, total length and specific growth rate. The inclusion of 30-35 percent of fish dregs chemical silage flour in the diet, results in better production performance of jundiá juveniles without affecting the survival and the water quality.