Study on Electromagnetic Interference Risk of Active Implantable Medical Devices in Multiple Unit Environment / 中国医疗器械杂志

Concerning on the safety risks caused by electromagnetic interference of patients implanted with high-risk active implantable medical devices in the environment of domestic MUs, this study evaluates and focuses on the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility in domestic and international standards for rail transit vehicles, the main mechanism of risks caused by EMI, the actual measurement of environmental data in MUs and the working performance of various active implantables in the compartment. The test results shows that all kinds of active implantable medical device samples works normally in the CRH2A EMU in China, and there is still a large margin between the measured radiation emission in MU and the limit required by the standards.

Effect of linguistic strategies in traditional Chinese medicine English teaching courses for foreign students / 国际中医中药杂志

It's important that the university teachers apply proper linguistic strategies in the Traditional Chinese medicine courses for foreign students,which can reduce the non-native language ability limitation to teaching effect to a certain extent,which can let students better understand and grasp the contents.This paper summarize the influence of linguistic strategies on teaching effect,such as signposting,signalling importance,back channeling,repetition,questioning,commenting,which is the important foundation and powerful guarantee of ideal teaching effects of EMI.

Shape memory alloy actuation of non-bonded piezo sensor configuration for bone diagnosis and impedance based analysis

In the recent years, there has been a growing interest in research community towards the application of smart materials for bio-medical structural health monitoring. Amongst the smart materials, directly bonded piezo sensors (DBPS), based on the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique, have been successfully employed for the above purpose. The principle behind the EMI technique is that high frequency excitations (typically > 30 kHz) generated by a surface bonded PZT patch are used to detect changes in structural drive point impedance caused by cracks or any other type of damage. Bone healing and damage have been shown to be successfully monitored using the DBPS. However, in most of the diagnostic cases of live human and animal subjects, directly bonding a PZT patch is always an irritant or hazard for a live subject. To circumvent direct bonding, the authors have developed and experimentally demonstrated a non-bonded piezo sensor (NBPS) configuration as a good alternative to DBPS while maintaining the effectiveness of measurement well within discernible limits. This paper presents further improvement in the NBPS configuration aiming at autonomous operation of the gripping mechanism using shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. The experiments are performed on replicas of femur bone in healthy and osteoporosis state. This paper shows the effective use of SMA clamping for bone identification and its damage assessment in comparison to earlier mechanical gripping using jubilee clamps. This paper also covers impedance based identification applied to SMA and clamp based NBPS configurations. In place of raw admittance signatures, effective drive point impedance is utilized for the purpose of bone diagnostics which provides a more realistic assessment of the condition of bone.

<i><b>Emi Sampaku's </b></i><b>Remedy and Theory of Medicine :From a Viewpoint of the Philosophy of M</b><b>edicine</b> / 日本東洋医学雑誌

<p><i>Emi Sampaku </i>(1707-1781) is one of the great <i>Koiho </i>(old medical school) practitioners along with <i>Yoshimasu Todo who </i>is from the same province as <i>Sampaku</i>.In general, he was depicted as an “intensive medicine dozer” ; however it doesn't seem to be his factual depiction.<br>This kind of misapprehension is caused by a scarcity in exploration on him, especially his philosophy of medicine, nevertheless being such a great master in that field. Now in this paper I would look over the quintessence of his remedy and the theory of medicine to clarify his philosophy of medicine through investigations on his volumes such as <i>Emikun Ijidan, Emineiko Sensei Igen, Emi Sensei Iho Ryakusetsu, Toho Shiron. </i><br>As a result of my survey, it has been clarified that <i>Sampaku </i>took his way of remedy on accordance with the curate diagnoses which were brought about through his <i>Shinshi</i>-<i>jikken </i>“Experience and Verification”. Put it in another way, <i>Sampaku </i>took intensive medicine for vomiting/purgative remedy merely under the necessity. He is one of “a man of discerning eyes”.</p>

Motivos para el ejercicio físico en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios brasileños / Motivos para a prática de exercício físico em uma amostra de universitários brasileiros / Exercise motives in a sample of Brazilian university students

The present study aimed to identify the exercise motives according to selected socio-demographic indicators in university students. The sample was comprised of 2,380 individuals (1,213 men and 1,167 women) aged between 18 and 35 years. The exercise motives were identified with the Portuguese-translated version of the Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI-2). University students gave significantly greater importance to exercise for reasons identified as Disease Prevention. Factors that are less relevant in statistical language were identified in a context of motivation associated with Social Recognition and Competition. Sex, age, family economic class, experience with exercise and body weight had a significant effect on the level of importance of exercise among university students. In conclusion, the results found can contribute to the development of physical activity promotion programs and a possible reduction in the number of dropouts among university students.

Objetivo do estudo foi identificar os motivos que podem induzir universitários a praticar exercício físico, de acordo com selecionados indicadores sociodemográficos. Amostra foi constituída por 2380 sujeitos (1213 moças e 1167 rapazes), com idades entre 18 e 35 anos. Motivos para prática de exercício físico foram identificados mediante versão traduzida do Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI-2). Os universitários reportaram oferecer significativamente maior importância para a prática de exercício físico em motivos identificados com Prevenção de Doenças. Os fatores de menor destaque em linguagem estatística se identificaram em um contexto de motivação relacionada ao Reconhecimento Social e à Competição. Sexo, idade, classe econômica familiar, experiência de prática e status de peso corporal revelaram efeito significativo no grau de importância apontado pelos universitários para a prática de exercício físico. Concluindo, resultados encontrados poderão contribuir para delinear programas de promoção de exercício físico e provável redução dos casos de abandono entre os universitários.

Objetivo del estudio fue identificar los motivos que pueden inducir los estudiantes universitarios a practicar ejercicio físico, según algunos indicadores socio-demográficos. Participaron del estudio 2.380 sujetos (1.213 niñas y 1.167 niños) con edad entre 20 y 30 años. Motivos para el ejercicio físico fueron identificados por la versión traducida y adaptada del Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI-2). Los estudiantes universitarios reportaron ofrecer significativamente mayor importancia al ejercicio físico por los motivos asociados con la Prevención de Enfermedades. Los factores menos énfasis en el lenguaje estadística se identificaron en el contexto de la motivación relacionada con el Reconocimiento Social y de la Competencia. Sexo, edad, nivel económico familiar, estado civil, experiencia de práctica y status de peso corporal revelaron efecto significativo sobre el grado de importancia indicado por los estudiantes universitarios para el ejercicio físico. En conclusión, los hallazgos pueden contribuir a diseñar programas para promover el ejercicio físico y la probable reducción de la incidencia de abandono entre los estudiantes universitarios.

Motivos para a prática de exercício físico em universitários e fatores associados / Exercise motives in college students and associated factors / Motivos para la práctica de ejercicio físico en universitarios y factores asociados

Objetivo do estudo foi identificar motivos para prática de exercício físico em universitários de acordo com sexo, idade e condição econômica. Amostra foi constituída por 238 0 sujeitos (121 3 moças e 116 7 rapazes), com idades entre 18 e 35 anos. Motivos para prática de exercício físico foram identificados mediante versão traduzida do Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI-2). Rapazes reportaram oferecer significativamente maior importância para prática de exercício físico em motivos identificados com Condição Física e Competição, e moças com Controle de Peso Corporal e Aparência Física. Motivos relacionados à Prevenção de Doenças, ao Controle de Peso Corporal e à Reabilitação de Saúde aumentaram significativamente com a idade. Motivos associados ao Controle de Peso Corporal e à Aparência Física receberam importância significativamente maior pelos universitários mais privilegiados economicamente. Concluindo, resultados encontrados poderão contribuir para delineamento de programas de promoção de exercício físico e provável redução dos casos de abandono entre os universitários.

Purpose of this study was to identify the exercise motives in college students according to gender, age and economic status. A total of 2380 subjects (1213 females and 1167 males) aged 18 to 35 years-old were included in the study. To identify exercise motives we used version translated of the Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI-2). Males reported to give significantly more importance to exercise participation in terms of Physical Fitness and Competition, whereas females presented significantly higher ratings for Weight Management and Appearance. Exercise motives related to Disease Prevention, Weight Management and Health Rehabilitation significantly increased with increasing age. Motives exercise associated to Weight Management and Appearance were significantly higher in college students most economically privileged. In conclusion, these results will contribute to establish exercise promotion programs and to reduce exercise dropout rates among college students.

Objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los motivos de la práctica de ejercicio físico en universitarios según sexo, edad y situación económica. La muestra fue compuesta por 2.380 sujetos (1.213 chicas y 1167 chicos) de edades entre 18 y 35 años. Motivos para la práctica de ejercicio físico fueron identificados por la versión traducida del Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI-2). Los chicos apuntaron ofrecer significativamente mayor importancia para la práctica de ejercicio físico por razones identificadas con Aptitud Física y Competición, y chicas con Control del Peso Corporal y Apariencia Física. Exposición de motivos relacionados con la Prevención de Enfermedades, Control del Peso Corporal y Rehabilitación de la Salud aumentó significativamente con la edad. Motivos asociados con el Control del Peso Corporal y Apariencia Física presentaron importancia significativamente mayor por los universitarios más privilegiados económicamente. En conclusión, resultados encontrados pueden contribuir a diseñar programas para promover el ejercicio físico y la reducción de posibles casos de abandono entre los universitarios.

Motivação para a adesão ao exercício físico: diferenças de acordo com experiência de prática / Motivation for adherence to exercise: differences according to practice experience

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar os motivos para a prática de exercício físico de acordo com a experiência recente de prática em universitários. Amostra foi constituída por 2380 sujeitos (1213 moças e 1167 rapazes), com idades entre 18 e 35 anos. Os motivos para a prática de exercício físico foram identificados por intermédio da versão traduzida do Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI-2). A experiência recente de pratica foi identificada por intermédio do tempo relatado de pratica de exercício físico. O tratamento estatístico dos dados foi realizado mediante análise de variância multivariada e univariada, tendo como variáveis dependentes os fatores de motivação e variáveis independentes o sexo e os estratos de experiência de prática de exercício físico (não pratica, ≤ 6 meses, 6-24 meses e ≥ 2 anos). Os resultados revelaram efeito significativo de sexo (Wilks’ Lambda = 0,737; F(10,2369) = 84,736; p < .001) e estratos de experiência de prática (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.889; F(30,8954) = 29.443; p < .001) no grau de importância apontado pelos universitários para a prática de exercício físico. Motivos para a prática de exercício físico associados à Condição Física (F = 6,319; p < .001), Controle de Peso Corporal (F = 10,980; p < .001), Aparência Física (F = 9,357; p < .001) e Competição (F = 9,246; p < .001) receberam importância significativamente maior dos universitários que manifestaram não praticar ou praticar exercício físico ≤ 6 meses, enquanto os universitários mais experientes com a prática de exercício físico demonstraram significativamente maior motivação direcionada ao Controle de Estresse (F = 4,369; p = .001), Diversão/Bem-Estar (F = 11,505; p < .001) e Afiliação (F = 3,203; p = .012). Concluindo, as diferenças encontradas podem influenciar em sua aderência e devem ser consideradas no delineamento de programas voltados à promoção de exercício físico entre os universitários.

The purpose of this study was to identify the exercise motives according to practice experience in university students. A total of 2380 subjects (1213 females and 1167 males) aged 18 to 35 years-old were included in the study. To identify exercise motives we used the version translated intoPortuguese of the Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI-2). The recent practice experience was identified through the time reported the practice of exercise. The statistical treatment of data was performed bymultivariate and univariate analysis of variance, in which the exercise motives were the dependent variables and gender and strata of practice experience (no practice; ≤ 6 months; 6-24 months; and ≥ 2 years). The results indicated significant effect of sex (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.737; F(10,2369) = 84.736; p < .001) and practice experience strata (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.889; F(30,8954) = 29.443; p < .001) in the level of importance mentioned by the university students for exercise participation. Motives exercise associated to physical fitness (F = 6.319; p < .001), Weight Management (F = 10.980; p < .001), Appearance (F = 9.357; p < .001) and Competition (F = 9.246; p < .001) were significantly higher among university students who expressed no practice or practice exercise ≤ 6 months, whereas university students more experienced with the practice of exercise presented significantly higher ratings for Stress Management (F = 4.369; p = .001), Fun/Wellness (F = 11.505; p < .001) and Affiliation (F = 3.203; p = .012). In conclusion, such differences may influence exercise adherence and should be taken into account to establish exercise promotion programs among university students.

SUPPRESSING CONDUCTED EMI FROM A DC/DC HIGH POWER CONVERTER BASED ON MIXED-MODE FILTER / 药物分析学报

Conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) from a 7.5kVA DC/DC high power converter is investigated to agree with EN class A. Here in some passive methods of suppressing conducted EM Noise, such as mixed-mode (MM) EMI filters, snubbing circuits and other means, are used. Based on measurement, the sources of noise are detected with the characteristics analyzed in detail. The MM EMI filters is valuable means with which low-frequency part and some of the high frequency part of conducted EM Noise can be efficiently reduced. How to lay out the MM filters on both sides of the converter is outlined in detail. In addition, multiple grounding and RDC snubbing circuits are employed to improve the performance in high frequency. The experimental results confirm the methods adopted.

Electromagnetic Compatibility of Medical Devices on Health-Care Train / 医疗卫生装备

The problems of Electromagnetic Compatibility(EMC) and Electromagnetic Interference(EMI) of medical electric devices are directly related to the medical treatment effect for wounded patients on the health-care train.EMC and EMI problems of medical electric devices in use are studied and analyzed.Suggestions on preventing EMI problems are given to guarantee the normal running of medical electric devices in health-care train.

Characteristic spectrum analysis of Panax quinquefolium from Liuba by HPLC-ESI-MS / 中草药

Objective To establish characteristic spectrum of ginsenosides in Panax quinquefolium from Liuba. Methods Using C_(18) solid phase-extraction cartridges, main ginsenosides from 40% ethanol extracts of P. quinquefolium were purified. Then the samples were analyzed by HPLC-EMS. Results(From the) total ion spectrum of P. quinquefolium, 3 stronger peaks were selected. Based on them, characteristic corresponding spectrum of ginsenosides in P. quinquefolium from Liuba was established. Conclusion This method has reliable reproducibility and precision. Its simple pretreatment, easily operation, and rapidly analytic procedure show that this method is suitable for identifying P. quinquefolium.

Compound analysis of Alisma orientalis (Sam.) Juzep.by HPLC-EMI-MS / 中成药

AIM:To develop a high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry(HPLC-EMI-MS)analysis approach of Alisma orientalis(Sam.)Juzep.METHODS:A Zorbax SB-C_ 18 column was used under the gradient elution condition with acetonitrile-H_2O.The MS detection was performed on an Agilent ion trap mass spectrometer with an elctrospray ionization source under the positive ion detection mode.RESULTS:Alisol B,alisol B-23-aceate,alisol C-23-aceate,alisol C,16-oxoalisol A and 11-deoxyalisol C were identified by their MS and MS2 fragments.The MS2 fragments of the 6 compounds were completed.CONCLUSION:The total ion current chromatogram of Alisma orientalis(Sam.)Juzep.was more characteristic than of the UV chromatogram.6 bioactive compounds can be simultaneously analyzed by the HPLC-EMI-MS method established in this experiment and it is a good quality control of Alisma orientalis(Sam.)Juzep.

Mitigating EMI with healthcare electronic facilities referring to FDA recommendations / 医疗卫生装备

In view of China's medical equipment industry has not been equipped with a sound system and strict administration, it is wise to draw on FDA recommendations and seek effective ways of solving EMI problems. Further should focus on improving the performance of medical equipment so as to adapt to the different environment. In the end, the design of healthcare facilities to meet EMC standards is put forward specifically in four parts of electronic circuits, power circuits, display device, and the mechanical shell.

EFFECTS OF PQP ON EXPERIMENTAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN RABBITS / 中国药理学通报

Potassium quercetin phosphate ( PQP, iv 10~20mg/kg ) significantly decreased the size of infarction and S-T segment elevation induced by coronary artery ligation in rabbits (P