Retrospective histopathology audit of thymectomy specimens: A clinicopathological study of 303 cases spanning the non-neoplastic, benign and malignant spectrum

Aims: Thymectomy specimens are uncommon in routine histopathology practice. However, awareness of various pathologic entities and definite reporting of these specimens is paramount to optimal patient management. Our objective was to determine the histomorphologic spectrum of thymectomy specimens spanning the non-neoplastic, benign to malignant spectrum. Methods and Results: Thymectomies received over an 8-year period were retrospectively analyzed by reviewing clinical details and histologic findings in detail, incorporating the latest World Health Organization (WHO) 2015 histologic classification. A total of 303 thymectomy specimens (179 males/124 females, mean age 45.3 years [3–84 years]) were included. Around 51.2% (n = 155) patients had associated myasthenia gravis (MG), while 17.5% (n = 53) had incidentally detected anterior mediastinal mass (AMM). Non-neoplastic and benign pathologies comprised 31% (n = 94) cases and showed stronger association with MG (P = 0.009). Thymic follicular hyperplasia (TFH) was the commonest non-neoplastic pathology (n = 32), while the benign tumor group included thymic hemangioma/lymphangioma, thymolipoma, and ectopic parathyroid adenoma. Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) comprised 64.7% cases, with majority being thymomas (185/303; 61.1%). Thymoma type B2 was the commonest histologic subtype and Stage I/T1 was the most frequent stage. Type A and AB thymomas affected older patients (P = 0.005) and were in lower stage (both Masaoka and American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC]) than type B thymomas (P = 0.007). No significant association between MG and thymoma subtype, patient sex or Masaoka stage was seen (P > 0.05). Thymic carcinomas comprised 11 cases and showed no association with MG (0/11, P < 0.001); squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest histologic type (8/11; 72.7%). Conclusion: TETs are the commonest thymic lesions; however, a diverse spectrum of pathologic processes can affect the thymus.

Chinese guideline for clinical diagnosis and treatment of thymic epithelial tumors (2021 Edition) / 中华肿瘤杂志

Thymic tumor is a relatively rare type of thoracic cancer, which is pathologically-classified as thymic epithelial tumors by World Health Organization (WHO), including thymoma and thymic carcinoma. The incidence of thymic epithelial tumors in China is about 4.09 per million, which is slightly higher than that in European and American countries. For surgically-resectable thymic epithelial tumors, complete resection with or without postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy is preferred. For advanced unresectable disease, conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the mainstream treatment but lack of standard first-line and second-line regimens. In recent years, targeted drugs and the immune checkpoint inhibitors have gradually exhibited certain therapeutic prospect in this subset of tumor. Since there was no guideline regarding thymic epithelial tumor released in China, Multidisciplinary Committee on Oncology, Chinese Physicians Association analyze, summarize and discuss the relevant research data for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of thymic epithelial tumors, and formulate the "Chinese guidelines for clinical diagnosis and treatment of thymic epithelial tumors (2021 Edition)" for clinicians' reference.

A study of her-2/ neu oncogene expression in benign and malignant ovarian tumors

Background: Ovarian cancers are very common worldwide with serous epithelial tumors being the most common. Her-2/neuprotoncogene encodes a protein belonging to the EGFR tyrosine kinase receptor family. Overexpression has been shown for poor prognosis in breast cancer. The study was done to find the association of ovarian tumors with Her-2/neu expression. Aim and objectives: To assess the clinicopathological profile of various ovarian tumors with special reference to age, histological type, grade, and stage of the tumor. To assess and compare the expression of Her-2/neu oncogene in benign and malignant ovarian tumors in relation to age, histological type, grade, and stage of the tumor. Method: The prospective study was done on 37 specimens received in the Department of Pathology; NIMS medical college from the period between 2015 to 2019. Results: All the benign and borderline tumors were negative for her-2/neu .48.6% of malignant tumors were her-2/neu positive. Conclusion: Her-2/neu positivity was seen in 24.3% of ovarian tumors. All the benign and borderline tumors were negative for her-2/neu. 48.6% of malignant tumors were her-2/neu positive.

Expression of EGFL7 in common epithelial tumors of lacrimal gland and its correlation with angiogenesis and proliferative activity / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To invesgate the expression of epidermal growth factor-like domain7(EGFL7)protein in several lacrimal gland tumor types and normal lacrimal gland tissues by immunohistochemical staining. And discuss the correlation of EGFL7 expression with tumor cell proliferation activity and the MVD in lacrimal gland epithelial tumors.<p>METHODS: A total of 46 paraffin-embedded specimens of common lacrimal gland epithelial tumors and other lacrimal gland tumor types, including 20 cases of lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma, 12 cases of pleomorphic adenocarcinoma, and 14 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, as well as ten normal lacrimal glands were analyzed for the expression of EGFL7 protein. For all specimens, the tumor microvascular networks were also labeled with anti-CD34 antibody and the tumor MVD was calculated. The proliferative activity of tumor cells containing Ki67.<p>RESULTS: EGFL7 protein was scored as positive with the presence of brown color in the cytoplasm, and was mainly observed in cells of lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenocarcinomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining showed that EGFL7 was not expressed in normal lacrimal gland tissue. The rates of expression of EGFL7 in lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenomas, lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenocarcinomas, and lacrimal adenoid cystic carcinomas were 5%(1/20), 83%(10/12), and 86%(12/14), respectively. The EGFL7 expression in both malignant tumor types was significantly higher than that in pleomorphic adenomas and normal lacrimal gland tissues(<i>P</i><0.001). CD34 staining colored the tumor microvascular network brown-yellow in single cells or clustered cell populations. The expression of CD34 in lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenocarcinomas(32.58±14.46)and adenoid cystic carcinomas(43.43±4.60)was significantly higher than that in pleomorphic adenomas(4.20±1.19)(<i>P</i><0.001). Ki67 staining appeared as a brownish color in cell nuclei, indicating proliferative activity. The expression of Ki67 in lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenocarcinomas(44.83±13.68)and adenoid cystic carcinomas(26.29±8.44)was significantly higher than that in pleomorphic adenomas(2.80±3.14)and normal tissues(0.40±0.70)(<i>P</i><0.001). Furthermore, the expression of EGFL7 protein was positively correlated with high MVD and Ki67 expression in lacrimal epithelial tumors(<i>r</i>s=0.897,<i> P</i><0.001; <i>r</i>s=0.837, <i>P</i><0.001). <p>CONCLUSION: The correlation of EGFL7 expression with high MVD and Ki67 expression suggests that high EGFL7 expression plays an important role in promoting tumor angiogenesis and tumor proliferation.

Histological Patterns of Ovarian Neoplasms – A Five Year Experience in North-East India

Ovary is one of the common sites of neoplasm in females. They manifest in wide spectrum of clinical, morphological and histological features. Ovary is the second most common site of primary malignancy in female genital tract.

Correlation between Serum Cytokeratin 19 Fragment and the Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Thymic Epithelial Tumors / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#So far there's no tumor maker applied in diagnosis and treatment of thymic epithelial tumors. This study is to assess the correlation between serum cytokine 19 fragment (Cyfra 21-1) and clinicopathological features and prognosis of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 159 patients with TETs in Shanghai Chest Hospital was retrospectively analysed. Patients were divided into groups according to different tumor stages and histotypes. Serum Cyfra 21-1 was thus compared. In addition, the possible relationship between perioperative serum Cyfra 21-1 level and the recurrent status was carrid out.@*RESULTS@#Preoperative Cyfra 21-1 serum concentrations in patiants with advanced stage (T4) and thymic carcinomas were significantly higher than that in others (P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). When the preoperative serum level exceeds the out-off of 1.66 ng/mL, it possibly indicates the recurrence during follow up. Furthermore, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive as well as negative predictive value (PPV and NPV) of postoperative Cyfra 21-1 to predict tumor recurrence were evaluated. At a cut-off of Cyfra 21-1 of 2.66 ng/mL, the sensitivity was 0.7, the specificity was 0.925, the PPV was 0.5 and the NPV was 0.966.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The elevated level of preoperative serum Cyfra 21-1 indicates an advanced stage of tumor or a more malignant histotype (thymic carcinoma). It also probably suggests a higher risk of tumor recurrence. During the oncological follow up, in addition to regular imaging examinations, the blood test of serum Cyfra 21-1 is also suggested to improve the diagnosis of tumor recurrence in order to improve the prognosis.

A 2 year study on and comparison of ovarian neoplasms

Ovarian tumors are important because of increased morbidity and mortality associated with them. A total number of 157 specimens of ovarian neoplasms were studied in the department of pathology, Gandhi Medical College for a period of 2 years, i.e. June 2014 to May 2016. In our study, majority of the ovarian neoplasms were classified as benign tumors 101 (64.3%) followed by borderline neoplasms 44 (28.2%), and malignant tumors were 12 in number (7.6%). Out of these surface epithelial tumors were the commonest variety constituting 128 (81.5%), followed by germ cell tumors - 24 (15.28%). A relatively high no. of malignancies was observed in the study.

A comparative study of benign and malignant ovarian tumors in tertiary care center

In developing countries like India, patients seek medical help usually during advanced stage of ovarian tumors. Thus, patients with the tumors of ovaries need high index of suspicion. In early stage it present with very vague symptoms like pedal edema and dyspepsia. So, regular screening in females >35 year with serum ca-125 and annual transvaginal USG can help in early diagnosis and treatment. Total of 2275 Gynecological cases were received at the department of Pathology in tertiary referral centre during the period of 2 years from January 2015 to December 2016. In these 454 cases of ovaries both cystic, benign and malignant ovarian tumors were studied. Among these 366 cases included inclusion cyst corpus luteal cyst and follicular cyst in decreasing order 62 cases were of benign tumors included serous cyst adenoma, mucinous cyst adenoma and mature tetratoma. 26 cases were malignant included serous cystadenocarcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, malignant teratoma, Krukenberg tumor, yolksac tumor.

Histopathological pattern of neoplastic ovarian lesions

Introduction: Ovarian neoplasm is the most fascinating tumor of women in terms of its histogenesis, clinical behavior and malignant potential. The ovary is the third most common site of primary malignancy in female genital tract after cervix and endometrium accounting for 30% of all cancers of female genital tract. Aim and objectives: To study frequency and distribution of different histological types of ovarian tumors and to analyse age distribution of these tumors and to find out frequency of benign and malignant neoplasms of ovary. Material and methods: The present study was based on histopathological evaluation of 97 cases of ovarian neoplastic lesions received at the Department of Histopathology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad during October 2012 to October 2013. The gross specimens received were fixed in 10 percent formalin for 24 hours and multiple sections from each specimen were taken to include the representative area for histological examination. Sections were processed by routine paraffin method, blocks were cut at five micron thickness and the sections were stained with conventional Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain. The lesions were then classified and studied according to WHO Classification of ovarian tumors. (ICD - 9 th edition). Results: A total number of 97 cases were studied. Among these, 82 cases (84.5%) were benign, 2 cases (2.1%) were borderline and 13 cases (13.4%) were malignant tumors. Benign neoplasms were most commonly seen in 3rd to 5th decade, whereas malignant neoplasms were commonly seen in 5th decade. Serous cystadenoma (52.7%) was the commonest benign tumor followed by Mucinous Modi D, Rathod GB, Delwadia KN, Goswami HM. Histopathological pattern of neoplastic ovarian lesions. IAIM, 2016; 3(1): 51-57. Page 52 cystadenoma (28.4%). Among the malignant surface epithelial tumors, serous cystadenocarcinomas (8.1%) were most common followed by Mucinous cystadenocarcinomas (4.1%). Conclusion: Benign ovarian tumors were more common than malignant ones for all age groups. Surface epithelial tumors were the most common class of tumors. Serous cystadenoma was the most common ovarian tumor overall as well as the most common benign tumor, whereas serous cystadenocarcinoma was the most common ovarian malignancy. Malignant ovarian tumors were more common above 40 years.

Dysembryonic neuro-epithelial tumors.

Introduction: Dysembryonic Neuro-Epithelial Tumors are mixed neuro-epithelial tumors affecting most commonly the temporal lobe. They usually result in epilepsy which is intractable in nature. Children and young adults are much more prone to exhibit these Dysembryonic Neuro-Epithelial Tumors. Case presentation: Here, we present a case series of two male patients who presented to the department of radiodiagnosis at Dr. Vasant Rao Pawar Medical College and Research Centre for MRI evaluation with complaints of epilepsy. Conclusion: Dysembryonic Neuro-Epithelial Tumors are a mixed neuronal glial neoplasm, mainly affecting the temporal lobe and is a very common cause of epilepsy. They are usually benign tumors with no or mild contrast enhancement.

64-slice spiral CT scan results in the differential diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract intraepithelial neoplasia and early cancer / 中国基层医药

Objective To assess the 64-slice spiral CT differential diagnosis of the effect on the gastrointesti-nal tract intraepithelial neoplasia and early cancer.Methods A retrospective study of patients with gastric cancer clinical data of 28 patients who underwent surgery and CT scans.CT scans of the tumor in all patients,the stomach wall thickness,tumor extension,N1 and N2 lymph node involvement,liver,peritoneum,lung metastasis.Comparison of spiral CT differential diagnosis of pathological findings and results.Results spiral CT staging was correct in 20 (71.4%).Preoperative CT scan to identify early gastric sensitivity 96.1%,specificity of 100% and an accuracy of 96.4%.Assessment of pathological lymph node involvement sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy were 73.1%, 50.0% and 84.2%.12 patients (42.9%)of the stomach wall thickness 2cm and all patients (100.0%)were serosal involvement.CT detec-tion of T1 and T2 tumors sensitivity and specificity were 57.1% and 90.5%;89.5% and 77.8%.CT assessment of pancreatic invasion of sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy were 100.0%,73.9% and 78.6%.Spiral CT assessment of serosal involvement with/without adjacent organ invasion of sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of 96.4% and reached 96.2%,100.0%.Conclusion Spiral CT in the diagnosis and evaluation of preoperative staging of gastric useful means of early gastric cancer.

Epithelial tumor development and exploration on the relationship between matrix / 实用肿瘤学杂志

We have confirmed that many of the intraepithelial neoplasia confined to in situ may never be found in some patients ,such as breast ,prostate and lung lesions ,but few of these lesions progress to malignancy are unexplained .Studies demonstrate that many invasive neoplasia and its precancerous lesions with similar genes changes,which provide the necessary premise for the late tumor metastatic ,just like specific promoter mutations driving the cancer development ,but the current radical view is that the mutations of the genes are not the driver of cancer development ,rather the microenvironment of the cells inhibits or promotes the development of tumor .Gen-eral view is that the epithelial cells are changed before the cell matrix in the development of neoplasia ,but recent evidences show that the cell matrix is the first to change .This paper will focus on how matrix changes affect the epithelial tumor development ,and this will bring new breakthrough for controlling epithelial tumors .

Clinical Analysis of Epithelial Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland

PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical and radiologic findings and to evaluate the treatment and prognosis of epithelial tumor patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed clinical and radiologic findings of 36 patients who had been histopathologically diagnosed with epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland after biopsy and surgery at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital from May 2005 to October 2012. RESULTS: Among the patients with epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland based on histopathological findings, there were 21 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, seven cases of dacryops, four cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, two cases of adenocarcinoma, one case of benign oncocytoma, and one case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The characteristic clinical finding of epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland was proptosis (52.7%). In contrast with benign epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland, the characteristic clinical findings of malignant epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland were limitation of motion (57.1%), diplopia (57.1%), ocular pain (42.9%), and decreased visual acuity (42.9%). The mean duration of the symptoms of malignant epithelial tumors (5.0 +/- 4.2 months) was shorter than that of benign epithelial tumors (11.2 +/- 11.1 months) (t-test, p = 0.034). In radiologic CT and MRI findings, there was minimal bony destruction in two cases of pleomorphic adenoma and calcification in one case of pleomorphic adenoma. Malignant epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland, in contrast to benign tumors, showed characteristic bony destruction (57.1%), poorly marginated tumor outline (42.9%) and calcification (14.3%). The 57.1% of patients in this study with malignant tumors were treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgical treatment, and there was one case (14.3%) of recurrence after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Careful analysis of clinical and radiologic findings can lead to early diagnosis of malignant tumors.

Pigmented trichoblastoma with sebaceous hyperplasia.

Trichoblastoma is a rare benign trichogenic tumour with epithelial and mesenchymal components recapitulating the germinal hair bulb and associated mesenchyme. A 50- year- old male patient presented with slowly enlarging circumscribed solid nodule measuring 4x3x4.5 cm over the tip of the nose. Microscopy of tumour revealed nodular tumour spanning the entire dermis with collection of mesenchymal cells resembling follicular papilla. Areas of pigmentation and sebaceous hyperplasia were noted. There is a need for differentiation of this tumor which is benign, from other pigmented tumors having basaloid arrangement of cells such as basal cell carcinoma.

Ovarian Borderline Epithelial Tumors

Ovarian borderline epithelial tumors are abnormal proliferative epithelial lesions without obvious invasion of the stroma of the ovary, a finding distinguishing between borderline tumors and carcinoma. There have been controversies regarding the terminology and diagnostic feature of the tumors, even though these tumors have been accepted as a distinct entity in WHO classification of ovarian epithelial tumors. This review is limited to serous and mucinous borderline tumors which are the most common and about which many clinicopathological studies have been undertaken. It has been agreed that "micropapillary carcinoma" espoused by a group of pathologists is a micropapillary variant of serous borderline tumor in the borderline ovarian tumor workshop. Diagnostic criteria of invasive implants needs further study but invasion of underlying normal tissue was reported to be correlated well with prognosis. Other issues such as diagnostic criteria of microinvasion and multiplicity of serous borderline tumors have been presented. The sole diagnostic criteria agreed upon for the diagnosis of intraepithelial carcinoma in the mucinous borderline tumor was the presence of severe cytological atypia. It was also agreed that the ovarian tumors associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei are almost invariably from gastrointestinal tract, usually appendix. Stratification and complex intracystic growth without severe cytological atypia are considered to be characteristics of mucinous borderline tumors. Diagnostic criteria of microinvasion and two types of invasion, expansile and infiltrative invasion, have also been discussed.

Immunohistochemical Analysis for p53 and TGF-beta Expression Pattern in Ovarian Epithelial Tumors / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: To verify the pattern of p53 and TGF-beta protein expression in benign and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors. METHODS: An immunohistochemical technique was applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of 22 benign and 9 malignant epithelial ovarian tumors using p53 monoclonal antibody and TGF-beta polyclonal antibody. Expressions of p53 and TGF-beta protein in two histological types were compared, and correlated with clinico-pathologic findings of the respective cases. RESULTS: p53 immunoreactivity of high or intermediate degree was detected in 2 out of 22 benign (9%) and 5 out of 9 malignant (55%) cases. On the other hand, intermediate to high TGF-beta expression was found in 17 out of 22 benign (77%), and 3 out of 9 malignant (33%) cases. The prevalence differences of p53 and TGF-beta expression between benign and malignant groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). In addition, the prevalence of immunoreactivities of p53 and TGF-beta in malignant tumor didn't show any association with age, tumor size, histologic types and stage. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that p53 expression and loss of TGF-beta expression may play an important role in the malignant transformation of ovarian epithelial cells. However further studies seem to be necessary to know the exact relationship between their roles.

Study of Relationship between Telomerase Activity and Expression of bcl-2 and p53 Proteins in Human Ovarian Epithelial Tumors / 中国医师杂志

Objective To study the relationship between in situ telomerase activity and the expressin of bcl-2 and p53 proteins in human ovarian epithelial tumors(OETs), and explore their effect in pathogenesis of ovarian cystadenocarcinoma. Methods The telomerase activity of ovarian epithelial tumors was measured by in situ telomerase activity labeling (ISLT), and bcl-2 and p53 expression was detected by SP immunohistochemical method. Results ⑴The positive rates of telomerase in ovarian cystadenocarcinomas(OCAC), their surrounding ovarian tissues(SOT),borderline cystadenomas(BCA),and cystadenomas(CA)were 92 3%(24/26), 0(0/26), 42 8%(9/21) and 0(0/15) respectively, and the positive rate was significantly higher in OCAC than that in SOT, BCA and CA(P0 05); ⑵The positive rates of Bcl-2 in OCAC, SOT, BCA and CA were 65 38%(17/26), 0(0/26), 52 38%(11/21) and 26 66%(4/15) respectively, which were significantly higher in OCAC and BCA than those in SOT and CA(P0 05). Conclusion The results indicated that overexpression of bcl-2 protein may be related to telomerase activation, the telomerase activation induced by bcl-2 overexpression may result in malignant transformation of ovarian epithelials, and p53 mutation may not affect telomerase activity during ovarian cystadenocarcinogenesis.

Diagnosis and treatment of bladder non-epithelial tumors (report of 25 cases) / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To summarize the characteristics of images and clinical diagnosis of bladdernon-epithelial tumors,and to investigate the relationship between the therapeutic methods and prognosis of thedisease. Methods The clinical data of 25 patients (16 males and 9 females,aged between 2 -71 years)with bladder non-epithelial tumors treated in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical manifes-tations included hematuria (6 patients),lower abdominal lump (2),frequent urination (14),dysuria (2)and fainting during voiding (1).Ultrasound and CT examinations suggested space-occupying lesions in thebladder in 22 patients and pelvic tumor involving the bladder wall in the other3 patients.Cystoscopy was per-formed in all patients and 17 patients got biopsy. Results Simple tumor resection or partial cystectomywas carried out in 15 patients with benign tumors;the rest 10 patients with malignant tumors underwent par-tial or radical cystectomy. Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy were performed in malignant tumor pa-tients.Follow-up time was 3 months to 11years.No recurrence was found in benign tumor patients.Nine pa-tients with malignant tumors died in 3 years after operation (mean survival time of 16 months).A patientwith bladder malignant lymphoma survived for6 years.Three recurrences occurred in another bladder leiomy-osarcoma patient who had tumor resection. Conclusions Bladder non-epithelial tumors are relatively rarein clinical.The pathological types of the tumors are complicated,most of them are malignant and the progno-sis is relatively poor.The clinical perception of these tumors is inadequate and misdiagnosis rate is high.Deep-site biopsy under cystoscope can improve the diagnostic rate.Partial or radical cystectomy is the maintherapy for these tumors,and adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be used according to the pathologi-cal features, but the effects are uncertain and the prognosis is quite different.

The Clinical Review of Epithelial Tumors in the Lacrimal Gland

We retrospectively reviewed clinical and radiologic findings of 19 patients who had been diagnosed as epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland histopathologically after biopsy and surgery at Shinchon Severance Hospital from April, 1991 to July, 1998 and evaluated their correlation to the pathologic diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. There were 7 men and 12 women with the mean age of 41.0+/-13.3 years. Histopathologically, there were 7 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 1 case of adenocarcinoma, 1 case of malignant mixed tumor, 9 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, and 1 case of benign oncocytoma. In comparison with benign epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland, the characteristic clinical findings of malignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland were pain, limitation of motion, and diplopia[44.4%]. The mean duration of the symptoms of malignant epithelial tumor was shorter[10.3+/-6.6 months] than that of benign epithelial tumor[19.5+/-14.4 months]. In radiologic CT and MRI findings, there were characteristic bony destructions in malignant epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland[55.6%] compared with benign tumors and poorly marginated outline of the tumor was noted in malignant tumors[44.4%] but not in benign tumors. Therefore, clinical and radiologic findings of epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland were well correlated with the pathologic diagnosis and would attribute to early diagnosis of malignant tumors.

Examination of Myc and Ras Oncogene Products p62 and p21 on Specimens of Squamous Epithelial Tumors of the Skin / 中华皮肤科杂志

With anti-myc and ras oncogene product monoclonal antibodies p62 and p21, 27 cases of squamous epithelial tumors of the skin (SETS) specimens were examined. The results showed that 62.9%(17/27) and 66.7%(18/27) of the specimens expressed p62 and p21 proteins respectively. Thirteen specimens expressed p62 and p21 proteins simultaneously. The results also showed that p62 was mainly seen in the poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma specimens, while p21 was mainly in the relatively well-differentiated specimens. The authors consider that myc and ras oncogenes might have different effects on the develpment of the SETS, and their synergy might be associated with the persistant growth of SETS.