Analysis of Rancidity Mechanism of Armeniacae Semen Amarum During Storage / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the mechanism of rancidity during storage by researching the changes of water content， relative permeability of cell membrane and rancidity levels of Armeniacae Semen Amarum in deterioration process. Method:Armeniacae Semen Amarum samples under different storage conditions were evaluated and classified by sensory assessors， and samples with different levels of rancidity were obtained. Water content was measured by toluene method， and water activity was obtained by water activity meter. Malondialdehyde （MDA） and relative conductivity were measured using thiobarbituric acid colorimetry and conductivity meter， respectively. The content of fatty oil was obtained by Soxhlet extraction. The acid value and peroxide value were measured in accordance with the general rules 0713 and 2303 of the 2020 edition of <italic>Chinese Pharmacopoeia</italic> （part Ⅳ）， respectively. Based on the above experimental data， chemometric methods （cluster analysis， principal component analysis） were selected to establish classification and discriminant models of Armeniacae Semen Amarum with different rancidity levels， in order to verify the accuracy of the classification results. Result:According to the results of sensory evaluation， Armeniacae Semen Amarum samples were divided into three classes， including no rancidity， slight rancidity and rancidity. Compared with the no rancid samples， the color of surface and cotyledon were deepened in rancid samples， and the oil was appeared on surface with rancid taste. The values of water content， water activity， MDA content and relative conductivity were all significantly increased in deterioration process （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The content of fatty oil was significantly decreased with the occurrence of rancidness （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while the acid value and peroxide value increased significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that the rancid samples could be distinguished from the no rancid and slightly rancid samples. Conclusion:The storage conditions under high temperature and high humidity can accelerate the rancidness of Armeniacae Semen Amarum， which is accompanied by the increase of internal water content， the increase of cell membrane permeability and the occurrence of fatty acid rancidity. It is suggested that Armeniacae Semen Amarum should be stored in low temperature， dry environment， as well as short storage time.

Analysis of Solubilization of Fatty Oil from Euphorbiae Semen on Four Euphorbia Factors Based on Thinking of Self-assembled Micelles in vivo / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: The solubilization of 4 compounds(Euphorbia factor L1,L2,L3 and L8),caused by mixed micelles self-assembled from fatty oil of Euphorbiae Semen and bile salt of intestinal juice,was researched in the simulated human intestinal environment. Method: The mixed micelles were prepared with different amounts of fatty oil of Euphorbiae Semen.The transmission electron microscope(TEM) was used to observe the morphology of the micelles.Particle size detector was used to determine the particle size and Zeta potential.HPLC was used to assay the solubility of these 4 compounds.The variation tendency of the total dissolution of these 4 compounds with the change of standing time was observed. Result: Particle size of the mixed micelles was uniform and its morphology was spherical.The absolute values of Zeta potential were less than 20 mV.When the amount of sodium deoxycholate was fixed 4.96 g·L-1,the solubility of these 4 compounds with the concentration of fatty oil at 0.1-4 g·L-1 were significantly greater than that at the dosage of 0 g·L-1.The solubility of these 4 compounds in the micelles formed by fatty oil was 1.3 to 4 times as much as the micelles without fatty oil.The micelles was stable for 36 h. Conclusion: The micelles self-assembled from fatty oil of Euphorbiae Semen and bile salt of intestinal juice,have significant solubilization effect on Euphorbia factor L1,L2,L3 and L8.This research can lay the foundation for clarifying the detoxification mechanism of removing fatty oil and making frostlike powder from the perspective of pharmaceutics.

Optimization of processing technology of Momordicae Semen cream by Box- Behnken design-response surface methodology / 中草药

Objective To optimize the optimum processing technology of Momordicae Semen cream using Box-Behnken design-response surface method (BBD-RSM). Methods The overall desirability (OD) of indexes of the content of 3-O-β-D- glucuronic acid methyl ester, β-sitosterol, and oleanolic acid and the content of fatty oil in gypsogenin was comprehensively evaluated, and BBD-RSM with three factors and three levels was used to study the effect of baking temperature and time, and pressing time on the processing technology of Momordicae Semen cream. Results According to the experiment, the optimum processing conditions were optimized: the baking time 1.68 h, the baking temperature 80 ℃, the pressing time 30 min, and the OD value was 0.777. Considering the actual situation, the optimum processing technology of Momordicae Semen was obtained by fine-tuning the baking time (A). That was, the baking time was 1.7 h, the baking temperature was 80 ℃, and the pressing time was 30 min. Also, the calculated OD values were 0.779, 0.783, 0.766, and its RSD was 1.15% through the obtained conditions in parallel with three batches of samples. Conclusion The processing technology optimized by Box-Behnken design-response surface method has the advantages of stable, good model prediction effect and a new processing technology for Momordicae Semen cream production.

Analysis of Volatile Oil and Fatty Oil in Seed of Metaplexis japonica / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To analyze fatty oil and volatile oil in seed of Metaplexis japonica. METHODS:Fatty oil and vola-tile oil in seed of M. japonica were analyzed by GC-MS:HP-5MS quartz capillary column,high purity nitrogen as carrier gas, flow rate of 1 mL/min,injector temperature of 220 ℃,primary column temperature of 120 ℃(temperature programmed),column pressure of 80 kPa,split sampling,split ratio of 20:1,sample size of 1 μL. Mass condition:electron bombardment ion source, electron energy of 70 eV,interface temperature of 250 ℃,mass scanning range of m/z 50-550,scanning interval of 1.0 s. The dif-ference of volatile components in seed of M. japonica before and after processing was analyzed by HSGC-MS:HP-5MS quartz cap-illary column,high purity nitrogen as carrier gas,flow rate of 1 mL/min,headspace heating temperature of 90 ℃,heating time of 30 min,primary column temperature of 80 ℃(temperature programmed),column pressure of 80 kPa,split sampling,split ratio of 20:1,sample size of 1 μL. Mass condition:electron bombardment ion source,electron energy of 70 eV,interface temperature of 210 ℃,mass scanning range of m/z 50-550,scanning interval of 1.0 s. RESULTS:A totall of 30 components were identified in fatty oil,among which relative contents of linoleic acid,oleic acid,palmitic acid were in high level;54 components were identi-fied in volatile oil,main components were terpenes,among which relative contents of cananga oil diene,thujopsene,dehydro aro-madendrene were in high level. Terpinen-4-ol was found and dihydrocarveol increased 100% after frying,compared with before fry-ing. CONCLUSIONS:The study basically confirm main component of fatty oil and volatile oil in seed of M. japonica;there is dif-ference of volatile components in seed of M. japonica before and after frying.

Optimization of Bran-roasted Processing Technology of Sliced Myristicae Semen by Orthogonal Test / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To optimize the processing technology of sliced Myristicae Semen. Methods Roasting temperature, roasting time and the amount of bran were set as factors, and the content of total lignans, volatile oil, fatty oil were set as evaluation indicators. The processing technology of sliced Myristicae Semen was optimized by L9(34) orthogonal test. Results The optimal processing technology was as following: 40 g bran plus 100 g sliced Myristicae Semen, roasting for 20 minutes at 110-120 ℃. Conclusion The process is reasonable and reliable, which can provide references for new processing technology of Myristicae Semen.

Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of Pistacia lentiscus fatty oil in egg yolk-fed rabbits: a comparative study with simvastatin / 中国天然药物

AIM@#The current study was undertaken to assess anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Pistacia lentiscus fatty oil (PLFO) in rabbits following a hyperlipidemic diet.@*METHOD@#Twenty healthy female (WNZ) rabbits were divided into four groups of five animals each: (a) normal control (NC group) receiving standard diet, (b) hyperlipidemic control (EY) group receiving standard diet and gavaged daily with egg yolk (10 mL), (c) hyperlipidemic + PLFO (EY + PLFO) group receiving as the EY group and treated daily with PLFO (2 mL/kg BW, (d) hyperlipidemic + simvastatin (EY + SVS) group receiving as the EY group and treated once daily with 2.5 mg/kg BW of simvastatin. At the end of the six-week experimental period, the lipidemic profiles of the different groups were investigated.@*RESULTS@#In the EY group, the egg yolk resulted in a significant increase of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C, and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. Both the EY + PLFO and EY + SVS groups, when compared to the EY group, showed a significant decrease of TC, TG, LDL-C, and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. However, with respect to HDL-C the differences were not significant. The TGs were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the simvastatin-treated group when compared to rabbits treated in the PLFO group.@*CONCLUSION@#The study concludes that P. lentiscus fatty oil (PLFO) possesses anti-hyperlipidemic properties at least in reducing total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides.

Effects of Storage Condition on Quality of Semen Armeniacae Amarum / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To observe the effects of storage condition on the quality of Semen Armeniacae Amarum. Methods Orthogonal design was adopted. The storage condition was optimized with temperature,humidity and storage time as the observation factors,with the content of amygdalin,and the content,acid value and peroxide value of fatty oil as the indexes.The content of fatty oil,acid value and peroxide value were measured according to the methods provided by 2005 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The content of amygdalin was measured by HPLC. Results Temperature was the main influencing factor of amygdalin content,then came humidity and storage time. Temperature was also the main influencing factor of the concent and the acid value of fatty oil,and the humidity was the second. For peroxide value,humidity was the main factor,then came temperature and storage time. Conclusion The optimal conditions of storing Semen Armeniacae Amarum as follows:storage in dry place with the temperature of 2～ 8 ℃,and in short storage time.