Caracterización morfológica del componente tendo-muscular del compartimiento posterior del muslo / Morphological characterization of the tendo-muscular component of the posterior compartment of the thigh

Los aspectos morfológicos del componente tendomuscular del compartimiento posterior han sido descritos en algunos grupos poblacionales. Se evaluó mediante disección directa las características morfológicas y biométricas del compartimento posterior de 50 muslos de especímenes cadavéricos, en una muestra de población colombiana. El 2 % los músculos isquiotibiales se originaron en un tendón común, 58 % presentó un tendón común para el musculo semitendinoso (MSt) y cabeza larga del músculo bíceps femoral (MBF). El 40 % de la cabeza larga del MBF se originó en el margen lateral de la tuberosidad isquiática (TI) y el MSt en su superficie posterior. En el 98 % de los casos el músculo semimembranoso (MSm) se originó en el margen medial de la TI y se dispuso como una estructura medial del muslo. No se observaron variaciones en el lugar de inserción de los músculos isquiotibiales. El MSt presentó la mayor longitud (419,5 DE 33,2 mm); el tendón distal con mayor espesor fue el del MBF (8,5 DE 5,6 mm), mientras que el músculo semimembranoso (MSm) presentó el componente miotendinoso más ancho (22,4 DE 6,5 mm). No hubo diferencias morfométricas estadísticamente significativas con relación al lado de presentación. Los hallazgos obtenidos enriquecen los conceptos morfológicos de la región posterior del muslo, aportan a la cualificación de procedimientos de cirugía plástica, ortopédica y al diseño de programas de entrenamiento muscular específico en diferentes disciplinas deportivas.

The morphological aspects of tendon and muscle component of the posterior compartment have been described in some population groups. The morphological and biometric characteristics of the posterior compartment of 50 thighs of cadaverous specimens were evaluated by means of a direct design, in a sample of the Colombian population. The 2 % of the hamstring beats originated in a common tendon, 58 % with a common tendon for the Semitendinous muscle (MSt) and long head of the femoral Biceps muscle (MBF). The 40 % of the long head of the MBF were originated on the lateral margin of the Ischial Tuberosity (TI) and the MSt on its posterior surface. In 98 % of the cases the semimembranous muscle (MSm) originated in the middle margin of the IT and dissolved as a medial structure of the thigh. No variation was observed in the place of the hamstring insertion. The longest time (419.5 DE 33.2 mm) the distal tendon with greater thickness was that of the MBF (8.5 OF 5.6 mm), while the semimembranosus muscle (MSm) presented the broadest myotendinous component (22.4 SD 6.5 mm). There weren't statistically significant morphometric differences in relation to the presentation side. The findings obtained enrich the morphological concepts of the posterior thigh region, contribute to the qualification of plastic surgery, orthopedic procedures and the design of muscle training programs in different sports disciplines.

Composición corporal y el efecto de un programa de fuerza auxiliar para prevenir lesiones en musculos cuádriceps femoral, isquiotibiales y bíceps femoral en jóvenes universitarios futbolistas / Body composition and the effect of an auxiliary force program to prevent injuries in femoral quadriceps, hamstrings and biceps femoris muscles in young college players

El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer los efectos de un programa de fuerza auxiliar en la prevención de lesiones de los músculos: cuádriceps femoral, isquiotibiales y bíceps femoral en futbolistas universitarios de la ciudad de Madrid, independiente del programa normal de entrenamiento del club universitario. Veinticuatro jugadores universitarios de entre 19 a 28 años participaron en el estudio, separados en grupo control (n=12) y grupo experimental (n=12). En ambos grupos se evaluó inicialmente el desplazamiento y la velocidad (potencia), mediante un transductor de movimiento o "encoder". Posteriormente al grupo experimental se le aplicó un programa de fuerza auxiliar, para reforzar los músculos del muslo, por un período de 6 meses. El Comité de Ética/Bioética de la Universidad de Tarapacá, aprobó los protocolos de esta investigación. Los resultados muestran que el grupo experimental presenta un aumento significativo en la ganancia de fuerza/potencia, en relación al grupo control, expresada en watts (1187,6±110,4 vs. 1011,6±110,4, respectivamente). El porcentaje de recuperación de la fuerza fue significativamente mayor en el grupo experimental, con un 16,8% y 0,17% en el grupo de control. El porcentaje de jugadores lesionados en el grupo experimental fue significativamente menor que en el grupo control (16,6% y 50%, respectivamente). Se concluye que los programas preventivos de fuerza auxiliar, en los jugadores de futbol de entre 19 a 28 años, son eficaces en la prevención de lesiones musculares por la ganancia considerable de fuerza/potencia, aportando un importante beneficio económico y deportivo. Por lo tanto, se recomienda incluir estos programas de fuerza auxiliar en todos los clubes deportivos profesionales.

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of a program of auxiliary force in the prevention of injuries to muscles: quadriceps femoris, hamstrings and biceps femoris in college football players of the city of Madrid, independent of the normal training program of university club. Twenty-four college players aged 19­28 years participated in the study, divided into experimental group (n=12) and control group (n= 12). In both groups, the displacement and the velocity (potency) were initially assessed through a motion transducer or "encoder". Then in experimental group was implemented a program of auxiliary force for 6 months. The Ethics/Bioethics Committee at the Universidad of Tarapacá, approved the protocols of this research. The results shown in the experimental group, with program of auxiliary forces a significant increase in gain strength/potency, relative to the control group, expressed in watts (1187.6±110.4 vs. 1011.6±110.4 respectively), the percentage recovery of force was 16.8% in the experimental group and 0.1larger than bifurcation aneurysms until they 7% in the control group. The percentage of injured players in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (16.6% and 50% respectively). We conclude that preventive programs auxiliary force in football players 19 and 28 years are effective in preventing muscle injuries by the considerable gain strength/potency, providing great economic and sporting benefits. Therefore it is recommended include these programs of auxiliary force in all sports clubs.

Dor lateral no joelho do atleta: um raro caso de luxação do tendão do bíceps femoral / Lateral pain in an athlete's knee: a rare case of dislocation of the femoral biceps tendon

A luxação do tendão do bíceps femoral é uma condição rara, descrita na literatura clinicamente com uma dor lateral do joelho e inicialmente relatada como uma inserção anômala da cabeça longa do bíceps femoral. Depois se verificou que a causa é uma mobilidade anormal do tendão sobre a proeminência da cabeça da fíbula em determinados ângulos de flexão do joelho. O objetivo deste relato de caso raro é descrever e discutir sobre o quadro de dor lateral no joelho num atleta de natação que iniciou a subluxação do bíceps femoral durante a prática esportiva, que o incapacitava de realizar provas e torneios. O caso é discutido frente à literatura levantada, à provável etiologia traumática de repetição que levou a essa condição, além do tratamento cirúrgico que foi realizado, obtendo excelente resultado e retorno a prática esportiva habitual.

Dislocation of the femoral biceps tendon is rare and is described clinically in the literature as a lateral pain in the knee. It was initially reported as an anomalous insertion of the long head of the femoral biceps. Subsequently, it was found to be caused by abnormal mobility of the tendon over the prominence of the fibu lar head at certain angles of knee flexion. The objective of the present report was to describe and discuss a condition of lateral knee pain in a swimmer who started to present subluxation of the femoral biceps during sports practice, which incapacitated him from taking part in trials and competitions. The case is dis cussed in the light of the literature surveyed; the likelihood that the etiology for the trauma leading to this condition was repeti tion; and the surgical treatment instituted, which led to excellent results and the patient's return to his habitual sports practice.