Research on the Role of Voluntary Service in Cultivating the Medical Professionalism of Medical Freshmen: Text Analysis Based on the "Volunteer Star" Deeds of Peking University Premedical Students / 中国医学伦理学

Based on the content of medical professionalism and the theoretical model of knowledge, belief and practice, this paper used the methods of "inductive category construction" and "deductive category construction" to form the categories and analyze the text, taking the narrative materials of 112 "volunteer stars" outstanding individuals selected by the pre-medical student office of student affairs department of Peking University Health Science Center from 2019 to 2021 as the research subjects. The findings demonstrated that volunteer service had a positive effect on the cultivation of medical professionalism of medical freshmen, and played an effective role in guiding medical freshmen from the two dimensions of knowledge and belief, in which the role of medical voluntary service was more obvious. However, the breadth and depth of volunteer service in cultivating medical professionalism were limited. Based on this, this paper proposed that medical colleges and universities should emphasize voluntary service in the cultivation of medical professionalism, especially the development of medical voluntary service activities designed for medical students, and strengthen the cultivation effect by coordinating with other cultivation methods.

Investigating information literacy skills perception and practices among medical and non-medical first-year students at a Nigerian university

Background: The study appraisedthe perceived information literacy proficiency of first-year students enrolled in the faculties of Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, and pure Sciences at the University of Medical Sciences(UNIMED)in Ondo City, Nigeria. Method:Employing a correlational descriptive survey methodology, 120 students were proportionately selectedfrom the first-year students'population in the three faculties surveyed. The response rate was84%. Data for the study was collected using a questionnaire sectioned into four or five-point Likert scales. For the data analysis, the responses were rated 4, 3, 2,and 1 points or 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1,respectively, depending on the questionnaire section.Results:Based on our rubric, the students reported average-level information literacy skills and high-level internet navigation skills. The ability to utilise information effectively had the highest rating (x̄= 2.9/4.0),while the ability to access information was the lowest(x̄=2.7/4.0). The students also reported Google(x̄= 4.1/5.0), subject textbooks, and peers as the most frequentlyutilisedinformation sources, while academicsources such as journal databases(x̄=2.3/5.0), library catalogues, and librarians were the least used. No statistically significant distinctions were observed in the information literacy capabilities of first-year students from the three faculties or secondary school backgrounds. Conclusion:To promote acquiringinformation literacy skills for academic success and lifelong learning, this study emphasises the necessity for increased awareness and training on the effective usage of scholarly sources among first-year students in Nigerian universities.

The effect of sub-threshold autistic traits on social avoidance and distress in high school freshmen: the role of perspective taking and an intervention study / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the influence of sub-threshold autistic traits on social avoidance and distress of senior high school freshmen, as well as the mediating effect of perspective taking, and to investigate the intervention effect of perspective taking intervention project on improving the ability of perspective taking and reducing social avoidance and distress behavior of high sub-threshold autistic traits individuals.Methods:A total of 1 401 subjects were investigated with the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), interpersonal reactivity index-C (IRI-C) and social avoidance and distress (SAD) from September 1st to September 30th, 2018. According to the screening criteria of 27% statistically, totally 378 subjects were selected according to the scores of autistic spectrum quotient scale from high to low as the high sub-threshold autistic traits group. The top 32 subjects with high scores of autistic spectrum quotient scale were selected and randomly divided into intervention group and control group with 16 subjects in each group. The modified viewpoint selection group counseling program was used to conduct intervention research on 16 subjects with high sub-threshold autistic traits. SPSS 26.0 was used for common method deviation test, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and repeated measurement variance analysis, and SPSS 26.0 PROCESS plug-in was used for intermediary effect analysis.Results:(1) The scores of sub-threshold autistic traits, perspective taking, social avoidance and distress of freshmen in senior high school were (113.26±11.35), (12.34±3.95) and (10.84±6.42) respectively. (2) Sub-threshold autistic traits, perspective taking, social avoidance and distress were significantly correlated with each other( r=-0.11-0.52, all P<0.01). (3) Sub-threshold autistic traits had a significant direct effect on social avoidance and distress, with a direct effect value of 0.28, accounting for 96.55% of the total effect.The total indirect effect of perspective taking on social avoidance and distress was significant, with the total indirect effect value of 0.01, accounting for 3.45% of the total effect. (4) In the intervention group, the perspective taking score of the post-test (15.69±3.86) was significantly higher than that of the pre-test (10.56±4.18) ( P<0.01). In the control group, there was no significant difference in the scores of perspective taking before and after the test((10.63±3.69), (11.44±3.03)) ( P>0.05). (5) In the intervention group, the scores of social avoidance and distress in the post-test (6.38±5.01) were significantly lower than that in the pre-test (15.00±6.07) ( P<0.001). In the control group, the score of social avoidance and distress in the post-test (15.81±6.33) was lower than that in the pre-test (19.00 ±5.38) ( P<0.05), but the scores of social avoidance and distress in the intervention group decreased even more. Conclusion:Perspective taking plays an mediating role between sub-threshold autistic traits and social avoidance and distress. Group counseling based on perspective taking was helpful to improve the perspective taking ability of people with high sub-threshold autistic traits and reduce social avoidance and distress behaviors.

Percepciones sobre riesgos ocupacionales en el trabajo con animales y motivaciones de los estudiantes para ingresar a la carrera de veterinaria / Occupational risk perceptions in working with animals and motivations to study veterinary medicine in freshmen

Resumen Se desarrolló un estudio transversal en 130 ingresantes a la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral para describir las motivaciones para estudiar veterinaria y las percepciones sobre el riesgo de sufrir enfermedades profesionales y accidentes ocupacionales. El análisis estadístico incluyó χ2 y correlación de Spearman. La motivación por la medicina fue la más prevalente, registrándose un mayor interés por los bovinos, caninos, felinos y fauna silvestre. Los varones mostraron preferencia por los bovinos (P.= 0,005) y las mujeres por los caninos y felinos (P.˂ 0,001). La motivación por la actividad agropecuaria y los espacios abiertos no estuvieron significativamente asociadas (P.= 0,598). La primera estuvo relacionada con los bovinos (P.˂ 0,001), ovinos (P.= 0,003) y porcinos (P.= 0,050), mientras que los últimos sólo con la fauna silvestre (P.˂ 0,053). Las zoonosis más mencionadas fueron rabia, tuberculosis y brucelosis. Los estudiantes percibieron el riesgo de enfermedades como más alto en el trabajo con porcinos y bovinos, mientras que el de lesiones lo fue con equinos. Las respuestas "No sabe/no contesta" fueron frecuentes en el reconocimiento de algunas zoonosis y en las percepciones de riesgos de accidentes y enfermedades. Estos resultados reafirman la necesidad de un contacto precoz de los estudiantes de veterinaria con temas relacionados con la salud ocupacional.

Abstract A cross-sectional study was carried out in 130 freshmen at the School of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University to describe the motivations for studying veterinary medicine and their perceptions about the risk of suffering occupational diseases or occupational accidents. Statistical analysis included χ2 and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Motivations were high for medical sciences, bovines, canines, felines and wildlife. Males showed preference for bovines (P. = 0.005), while females preferred canines and felines (P.˂ 0.001). Interests in agricultural activity and open spaces were not significantly associated (P.= 0.598). The former was related to cattle (.˂ 0.001), sheep (P.= 0.003) and pigs (P.= 0.050), while the latter only to wildlife (P.˂ 0.053). The most mentioned zoonosis were rabies, tuberculosis and brucellosis. The perception of the risk of zoonotic diseases was higher in pigs and cattle, while that of lesions was higher in horses. The "Don't know / No response" answers were frequent in the recognition of some zoonoses and the perceptions of the risks of accidents and diseases. These results stress the need for early contact of veterinary students with issues related to occupational health.

Multiple mediating effects of stigma and loneliness between anxiety and attitude towards seeking professional psychological help among college freshmen / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of stigma and loneliness between anxiety and attitude towards seeking professional psychological help among college freshmen.Methods:A sample of 920 freshmen was recruited in the study and they were required to complete self-rating anxiety scale(SAS), attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help scale-short form(ATSPPH-SF), questionnaire of stigma for seeking professional psychological help(SSPPH), University of California, Los Angeles loneliness scale(UCLA). SPSS 24.0 was used for descriptive analysis and correlation analysis.SPSS macro program PROCESS 3.4 was used to analyze the mediating effect.Results:(1) The scores of anxiety, stigma, loneliness and attitude towards seeking professional psychological help of all subjects were (44.70±7.13), (19.14±6.79), (52.30±6.65) and (18.12±3.49). Anxiety was positively correlated with stigma and loneliness( r=0.170, 0.351, both P<0.01). Stigma was positively correlated with loneliness ( r=0.264, P<0.01). Attitude towards seeking professional psychological help was negatively correlated with anxiety, stigma and loneliness( r=-0.085, -0.459, -0.185, all P<0.05). (2) There were three paths that anxiety affected attitude towards seeking professional psychological help.The mediating effect size of stigma was -0.037, accounting for 75.51% of the total indirect effect.The mediating effect size of loneliness was -0.011, accounting for 22.45% of the total indirect effect.The chain mediating effect of anxiety and attitude towards seeking professional psychological help was -0.001, accounting for 2.04% of the total indirect effect. Conclusion:Stigma and loneliness play multiple mediating effects on the relationship between anxiety and attitude towards seeking professional psychological help.

The effect of childhood trauma on depressive symptoms in college freshmen: the mediating role of alexithymia and the moderating role of life events / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of alexithymia and moderating effect of life events in the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was designed to investigate 2 592 freshmen in Southern Medical University by using a series of questionnaires, including the childhood trauma questionnaire(CTQ), Toronto alexithymia scale(TAS), adolescent self-rating life events checklist(ASLEC), Chinese version of Beck depression inventory-Ⅱ(BDI-Ⅱ). The mediating effect of alexithymia and the moderating effect of life events were examined using SPSS 19.0 macro program PROCESS 2.13.Results:(1) The prevalences of depressive symptoms and childhood trauma were 11.34% and 14.80% in college students.(2) The total score of CTQ (34.25±8.01) was significantly positively correlated with the total score of TAS (48.82±10.72) ( r=0.38, P<0.01), the total score of ASLEC (36.91±9.74) was significantly positively correlated with the score of BDI-Ⅱ 3.00(6.00) ( r=0.53, P<0.01), and the total score of TAS was significantly positively correlated with the score of BDI-Ⅱ ( r=0.49, P<0.01). (3) Alexithymia mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms.The direct effect (effects size=0.25) and the mediating effect (effects size=0.12) accounted for 67.57% and 32.43% of the total effect (effects size=0.37), respectively.(4) Health adaptation, punishment and learning pressure events moderated the path between alexithymia and depressive symptoms. Conclusion:Childhood trauma affects depressive symptoms through the mediating role of alexithymia and the moderating role of life events in freshmen.

Research on the relationship between smartphone addiction and mental health of medical freshmen / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To understand the current situation of smartphone addiction and mental health of medical freshmen, and conduct research on the relationship between smartphone addiction and mental health, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and intervention of smartphone addiction among medical freshmen.Methods:A stratified random sampling method was used to select 279 freshmen in the medical profession of Binzhou Medical University as the research objects, and the revised smartphone addiction scale (SAS-C) and mental health symptom self-rating checklist scale (SCL-90) were selected for testing. SPSS 19.0 was used for t test. Results:A percentage of 29.71 medical freshmen had smartphone addiction problems, which was generally above average. The SCL-90 total scores and the scores of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, psychosis and other factors in the smartphone addiction group were significantly higher than those in non-smartphone addiction group. The total score of smartphone addiction in medical professional freshmen was significantly correlated with the total score of SCL-90. In addition to the interference factors of daily life, other factors had positive correlation with various factors of SCL-90. Interpersonal sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms had a significant predictive effect on smartphone addiction (β=0.24, 0.26, P < 0.01), which were important variables affecting mobile phone addiction of medical freshmen. Conclusion:Many medical freshmen have the problem of smartphone addiction, which may cause a series of psychological problems, especially obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and psychosis.

Effect of expressive writing intervention on social support, resilience and school maladjustment in university freshman / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of expressive writing intervention on social support,resilience and school maladjustment in university freshman.Methods Selecting the freshmen volunteer of 600 university freshmen of Shandong,through the scale before the test recovery and comprehensive scoring chosen the part of low grade college students as the intervention object and were divided into writing expression(n=60) person and control group(n=60).The intervention group received a positive subject writing expression and the control group in the normal writing.Before and after the intervention tested the social support rating scale,the resilience scale for Chinese adolescents and the the student adaptation to college questionnaire were tested to evaluate the effect of active writing expression intervention.Results (1)After intervention,the intervention group and the control group had significant differences among the scales,objective support (t =-2.36,P＜0.05),learning adaptation(t=-1.98,P＜0.05) and subjective support (t=-2.56,P＜0.05),target focus(t=-2.66,P＜0.01),emotional control(t=-2.81,P＜0.01),family support (t=-3.46,P＜0.01),adaptation (t=-2.73,P＜0.01),support utilization (t=-5.91,P＜0.01) and social support score (t =-4.04,P＜ 0.01),positive cognition (t=-2.73,P＜0.01),interpersonal assistance (t=-3.13,P＜0.01),resilience score (t=-7.40,P＜0.01),life adaptation (t=-3.83,P＜ 0.01),emotional state (t =-3.39,P＜ 0.01),and school adaptation score (t=-3.46,P＜0.01).(2)There was no significant difference in objective support between the control group before intervention and after intervention.In addition,the remaining dimensions such as subjective support (20.72±2.46,22.96±2.81,t=4.54,P＜0.01),support utilization (7.49± 1.40,9.86± 1.90,t =7.56,P＜0.01) and social support score (36.79±4.24,41.89±5.18,t=5.76,P＜0.01) were significantly increased.The intervention group had significant difference among target focus (15.98±2.86,17.89±3.35,t=3.28,P＜0.01),emotional control (14.98±2.77,15.70±2.71,t=3.35,P＜0.01),positive cognition (14.61 ± 2.04,16.26±3.09,t=3.36,P＜0.01),interpersonal assistance (15.30±2.44,17.49±2.73,t=4.52,P＜0.01),resilience score(77.65±6.01,88.25±5.74,t=9.63,P＜0.01) and family support(16.77±2.28,19.58± 2.44,t =6.35,P＜ 0.01).In the intervention group of school adaptation scale,life adaptation (40.44± 6.36,45.12± 7.21,t=3.68,P＜0.01),emotional state (34.04±6.99,38.84±5.95,t=3.95,P＜0.01) and school adaptation score (145.21 ±22.86,160.51±21.78,t=3.66,P＜0.01),interpersonal assistance (32.30±5.34,35.23±5.18,t=2.98,P＜0.01),learning adaptation (38.44±7.06,41.32± 5.92,t=2.36,P＜0.05) were significantly increased.Conclusion Written expression intervention has a positive effect on improving the low level of social support,the poor resilience and freshman's adaptation to college.

Expectativas e adaptação acadêmica em estudantes universitários / Expectations and college adjustment in college students / Expectativas y adaptación académica en universitarios

O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar e comparar as expectativas e a adaptação acadêmica em iniciantes e concluintes e identificar o impacto das expectativas na adaptação. Participaram 400 universitários, sendo 151 homens e 249 mulheres, na faixa etária entre 18 e 59 anos, de instituições públicas e privadas do estado do Rio de Janeiro, que responderam o Questionário de Envolvimento Acadêmico, versão A e versão B, relativos às expectativas e comportamentos, e o Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas, versão reduzida. Utilizou-se o teste t de Student para comparar os grupos e o teste d de Cohen para calcular o tamanho do efeito. Para avaliar o impacto das expectativas acadêmicas na adaptação à universidade, realizou-se análise de regressão linear. Os resultados apontaram diferenças, porém com baixa magnitude para as expectativas e para a adaptação dos iniciantes e concluintes e que as expectativas acadêmicas dos universitários são preditoras da adaptação acadêmica à universidade.

The aim of this study was to identify and compare expectations and the college adjustment among the freshmen and senior students and the impact of expectations on adaptation. The sample was 400 college students, being 151 men and 249 women, in the age range of 18 through 59 years old, from public and private universities in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, who answered the Questionnaire on Academic Involvement, versions A and B, regarding expectations and behaviors, and the Questionnaire on Academic Experiences, abridged version. Student's t-test has been used to compare the groups and the Cohen's d test to calculate the effect size. In order to evaluate the impact of the academic expectative on the adaptation to the university, linear regression analysis has been performed. The results have indicated differences, but with low magnitude for the expectations and adaptation of freshmen and senior students, and also, that the academic expectations of college students are predictors of college students' adjustment to the University.

El objetivo de este estudio es identificar y comparar las expectativas y la adaptación académica de los principiantes y los concluyentes, y el impacto de estas expectativas en la adaptación. En este estudio, participaron 400 universitarios de ambos sexos, siendo 151 hombres y 249 mujeres, con edades comprehendidas entre 18 y 59 años, de instituciones públicas y privada del estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, que contestaron el Cuestionario Participación Académica, versión A y la versión B, relativos a las expectativas y los comportamientos, y el Cuestionario de Vivencias Académicas, versión reducida. Se utilizó la prueba t de Student para comparar los grupos y la prueba d Cohen para calcular el tamaño del efecto. Para evaluar el impacto de las expectativas académicas en la adaptación a la universidad celebrada el análisis de regresión lineal. Los resultados apuntaron diferencias, pero con baja magnitud de las expectativas y de la adaptación de los principiantes y los graduados y las expectativas académicas de los universitarios son predictores del ajuste académico a la universidad.

Investigation on the Freshmen’Status of the Preventive Vaccination Against Hepatitis B in A University of Ankang City in 2 0 0 3~2 0 1 4 / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To understand the freshmen’s status of hepatitis B virus infection,immunological effect after vaccina-tion against hepatitis B from a university in Ankang city,to provide a scientific basis for university’s prevention from hepati-tis B.Methods Analyzed the results of five markers of hepatitis B virus infection and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)of 25 895 freshmen in a college in Ankang for resent 12 years,and observed the HBsAb serocoversion in serum 1 year after vacci-nation against hepatitis B and after strengthened immunity.Results The HBeAg positive rate of the freshmen was 4.07%, among which the male was 5.58% (281/5 035),and the female was 3.14% (258/8 214).The difference had significance of statistic (P<0.05).The college students’HBeAg positive rate from rural area and from urban area were 4.77% and 2.93%respectively,the difference had significance of statistic (P<0.05).There was no significant statistic difference in immune effect of hepatitis B vaccine for different sex (χ2=5.80,P<0.05).Their HBsAb positive rate was 95.15% after injected with 10μg hepatitis B and 5μg hepatitis B vaccine,which had significance of statistic (P<0.05).Conclusion The hepatitis B virus infection rate and the hepatitis B protective antibody of the college freshmen in Ankang district was lower than that of the whole country and had a decreased tendency.It showed the male’s infection rate of hepatitis B virus was higher than the female,the rural was higher than the urban,and the immune effect of hepatitis B vaccine proved to be good.It should be-strengthened immunity for non-responders to ensure the immune effect if necessary.

The mediating role of attentional control between negative automatic thoughts and social anxiety among medical freshmen / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the mediating effect of attentional control between negative automatic thoughts and social anxiety.methods A total of 1 504 college freshmen of medical university were surveyed with the Interaction Anxiety Scale (IAS),the Automatic Thoughts questionnaire (ATQ) and the Attentional Control Scale (ACS).Result sThe scores of IAS,ACS and ATQ of medical freshmen were (39.36±8.15),(53.50±7.48) and (48.93±19.72) respectively.Correlation analysis showed that ATQ total score was significantly positively correlated with IAS total score(r=0.313,P<0.01),ATQ total score was significantly negatively correlated with ACS total score(r=-0.275,P<0.01),and ACS score was significantly negatively correlated with IAS total score(r=-0.455,P<0.01).Mediating effect analysis showed that attentional control partly-mediated the relationship between negative automatic thoughts and social anxiety among medical freshmen (x2/df=1.650,GFI=0.998,AGFI=0.993,RMSEA=0.021),and accounted for 50.8% of the mediating effect.Conclusion Negative automatic thoughts is an important factor which plays direct and indirect roles in social anxiety.Attentional control is the intermediate link between negative automatic thoughts and social anxiety.

The influence of self-confidence on parental rearing pattern and fear of Freshmen / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the mediating role of self-confidence in the parental rearing style and facing-audience com munication apprehension(FACA).Methods The Chinese College Students' Facing-audience Communication Apprehension Scale (revised version of 2011),the Short-form Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran for Chinese(s-EMBU-C) and the Overall Self-confidence Questionnaire Version of College Students were adopted to survey on 1 072 college freshmen from Guizhou Province.Results FACA in the freshmen of non-one-child was significantly higher than that in the freshmen of one-child,FACA in the freshmen of good performance was significantly lower than that in the freshmen of middle and poor performance;FACA of college freshmen,parental rearing style and self-confidence were significantly correlated with each other;self-confidence played a complete mediated role between the parental care and FACA,and a partial mediated role between the parental control and FACA.Conclusion Self-confidence has significant mediate effect between the parental rearing style and FACA of college freshmen.

A cohort study of relationship between personality dysfunction and mental status among freshmen / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objectives: To explore the effect of personality dysfunction on freshmen's mental status. Methods:Cohort study design was applied in the study. Exposure factors were personality dysfunction and intervention. The mental health status of 2516 freshmen was evaluated by Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Relative risk (RR) and attributive risk (AR) were calculated to test the relationship between exposure factors and mental health status. Results: Cohort study showed that RRs of all types of personality dysfunction history in senior high schools developing mental symptoms in the freshman year were between 1. 980 to 10. 167. Interventions to personality dysfunction during high schools had protective effect to the development of mental symptoms. Conclusion: Personality dysfunction isa risk factor of mental symptoms of freshmen. Early intervention could decrease the risk of the mental symptoms.

Padrão de consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários (calouros) e diferença entre os gêneros / Pattern of alcohol consumption in college students (freshmen) and gender differences / . Padrón de consumo de alcohol de los estudiantes universitarios de primer año y diferencias de géneros

O ingresso na universidade e a vivência de novas experiências podem favorecer um maior consumo de álcool entre estudantes. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o padrão de consumo de álcool entre estudantes ingressantes, comparar o consumo entre os gêneros e identificar os grupos mais expostos a problemas relacionados ao álcool. Para isso, foram utilizados o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil e o The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Foram avaliados 407 estudantes. A análise dos dados revelou um consumo de risco do álcool em 17,5% dos estudantes do gênero masculino e 8,1% do feminino. Além disso, foi encontrado maior consumo de risco entre estudantes que praticavam atividade física e os que eram dos cursos da área de química. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de se desenvolver intervenções preventivas no âmbito institucional, principalmente para estudantes do gênero masculino, grupo mais exposto a um consumo excessivo de álcool e aos riscos desse padrão de consumo.

The entry into the university and the new experiences can facilitate greater consumption of alcohol among students. This study aimed to evaluate the pattern of alcohol consumption among freshmen students, to compare consumption between genders and to identify the groups most exposed to alcohol-related problems. For this, the Economic Classification Criterion Brazil and The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were used. Four hundred and seven students were evaluated. Data analysis revealed a risk consumption of alcohol in 17.5% of male students and 8.1% of females. In addition, higher risk consumption was found among those who practice physical activity and those who were from chemistry courses. The results suggest the need to develop preventive interventions at the institutional level, especially for male students, more exposed to excessive alcohol consumption and the risk associated to this drinking pattern.

La entrada en la universidad y la vivencia de nuevas experiencias pueden favorecer un mayor uso de alcohol en los estudiantes. Esse estudio tuvo como objetivo la avaliación de consumo de alcohol em los estudiantes de primer año de la universidad, em comparación con los géneros, y identificar los grupos más expuesto em relación al alcohol. Para eso fueron utilizados créditos de clasificación económica brasileira y The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Fueron observados 407 estudiantes. La analice dos datos revelaron consumo de riesgo em 17,5% de los estudiantes hombres y 8,1% de las mujeres. Además de eso, fueron encontrados mayor consumo de riesgo em los estudiantes que practicaban actividad física y también de los estudiantes de la graduación química. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de desenvolver intervención preventiva em ámbito institucional principalmente para los estudiantes que son hombres, y en un grupo más expuesto a un consumo excessivo de alcohol y riesgo de ese consumo.

The Current Status of Sexual Education and Needs Assessment among College Freshmen in Kunming / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To explore the current status of sexual education and real needs of college freshmen in Kunming.Methods By applying random sampling,350 students from three universities in Kunming were investigated by seff-administered questionnaire,and 310 valid questionnaires were recovered.Fesults 23.9％ students confirmed that the schools do not provide courses related to sexual health,and 22.9％ of the surveyed students claimed that they even did not heard any sexual education courses in their schools.The main sources of students to acquire information in terms of sexuality and sexual health are network television,video magazines,friends and classmates.Both male and female students are more acceptable to carry out sex education lectures.There were significant differences between male and female students in the form of obtaining sexual education,the content of sexual education and the demand of sexual education in three aspects (P＜0.05).Girls tend to carry out sexual education in the form of major courses,but boys tend to the form of playing video or distributing books and periodicals (P＜0.05).Girls tend to obtain the courses on sexually disease,AIDS,heterosexual intercourse,or love psychology,but boys tend to contraceptive knowledge and skilIs,or Sexual value orientation (P＜0.05).Girls are more likely to acquire the knowledge of masturbation,sexual health,or sexual health,but boys prefer to the knowledge of sexual psychology,parasexuality,or homosexuality (P＜0.05).Conclusion As a main body of educational institute for young people,all universities should provide training courses related to sexuality and sexual health at the early stage of higher education in order to equip college students with essential knowledge and skills to have safer and positive impact on their college studies.

Effect of barracks military training and field long march on freshmen' mental health in military university / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To study the effect of field long march comprehensive training on freshmen' mental quality and mental health in military university. Methods Mental quality questionnaire for army men (MQQA), symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and trait anxiety inventory (TAI) were carried out on 330 freshmen at various stages on their military training. All data were analyzed by paired-sample t test. Results ①As compared with pre-training, all SCL-90 factor scores except depression factor decreased significantly (P0.05). Conclusion Filed long march effectively improved mental health of military university recruits and relived their anxiety as well as depression.

Selection of peer educators for sex education program—based on data from social network analysis among college freshmen students / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective Through combining the results from social network analysis and willingness of the key actors,peer educators for sex education among freshmen to select peer educators for sex education.Methods Self-developed questionnaires were used to collect information on related demographics,egocentric social networks and whole class-based unit-network.Descriptive analysis was applied.UCINET 6 was used to conduct social network analysis and to draw the whole networking graphs.Results Classmates appeared as the most important behavior intimate social network (95.8％ claimed they could potentially borrow money from them,and 96.6％ often went out with them) and were the most important members who could share privacy information with (91.6％) and consulting for private health information on (89.1％),among freshmen students in college.Finally,17 freshmen were selected to have become peer educators,with 10 of them as the committee members in the class.Conclusion Classmates formed the most important social network among freshmen students in college.Social network analysis could be used to help identify the suitable peer educators.

Selection of peer educators for sex education program—based on data from social network analysis among college freshmen students / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective Through combining the results from social network analysis and willingness of the key actors,peer educators for sex education among freshmen to select peer educators for sex education.Methods Self-developed questionnaires were used to collect information on related demographics,egocentric social networks and whole class-based unit-network.Descriptive analysis was applied.UCINET 6 was used to conduct social network analysis and to draw the whole networking graphs.Results Classmates appeared as the most important behavior intimate social network (95.8％ claimed they could potentially borrow money from them,and 96.6％ often went out with them) and were the most important members who could share privacy information with (91.6％) and consulting for private health information on (89.1％),among freshmen students in college.Finally,17 freshmen were selected to have become peer educators,with 10 of them as the committee members in the class.Conclusion Classmates formed the most important social network among freshmen students in college.Social network analysis could be used to help identify the suitable peer educators.

"Current situation of freshmen column in""985 Project""academic libraries" / 中华医学图书情报杂志

The freshmen column in 39 985 Projectacademic libraries was investigated , which showed that 15 out of the 39 985 Projectacademic libraries have established freshmen column on their library website .Its posi-tion, contents and forms were analyzed.The typical freshmen column in libraries of Qinghua University, Shanghai Jiaotong University , and Sun Yat-sen University was described with suggestions put forward for improvement of its position, contents and forms.

Innovative cases of freshmen admission education in academic library / 中华医学图书情报杂志

The freshmen admission education in academic library is characterized by multiple contents and forms with gradual transformation of education position to network in information environment .The cases of freshmen ad-mission education in libraries of Beijing Normal University , Qinghua University , Shanghai Jiaotong University , and Jinan University were analyzed with its new techniques and new models summarized .The future direction of fresh-men admission education was forecasted , including establishment of standard freshmen education concept , use of more new techniques and more innovative methods .