La cirugía de corazón: pasado, presente y futuro

Toda especialidad médica, y en especial las quirúrgicas, necesitan, de alguna manera, vislumbrar el futuro que puedan ofrecer a los miembros más jóvenes de la especialidad y eventuales interesados en esta, de manera de asegurarles las mejores posibilidades de desarrollo profesional y personal, para, a su vez, poder reclutar a los mejores. Empero, para imaginar y forjar el futuro, es necesario vivir y enfrentar el presente. Pero, todo presente se asienta en un pasado, que es necesario conocer y meditar. Y de esto trata este artículo especial: pasado, presente y futuro de la cirugía de corazón, desde la particular visión de su autor.

Every medical specialty, mainly surgical specialties, needs to envision the future they can offer to the specialty's younger members and those eventually interested in it to assure them of the best possibilities for professional and personal development and, in turn, to be able to recruit the best one. However, it is necessary to live and face the present to imagine and forge the future. But every present is based on a past, which must be known and meditated upon. This article is about the past, present, and future of heart surgery, according to the particular vision of its author.

Ethical Considerations and Countermeasure Analysis of Public Mental Disorders Stigma in China / 中国医学伦理学

Discrimination against patients with mental disorders and the resulting stigma will not only affect patients’ medical treatment, but also bring about community isolation and lack of resources. Mental health problems have become a major public health problem and a prominent social problem. From the perspective of bioethics, the existence of public mental disorders stigma violates the principles of justice and respect. This paper quantitatively described the status quo of public mental disorders stigma in China, and explored its influencing factors through factor analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. The public stigma of mental disorders score was (54.64±11.048). Factor analysis extracted 4 common factors, namely isolation, pain, contact, and empathy, with a cumulative explained variance of 68.948%. The results showed that age and contact history were the main factors affecting the public stigma of mental disorders. It is recommended to reduce discrimination by enhancing understanding and improving empathy. Specifically, it is to implement the personal liability for discrimination through ethical regulation and legal construction, and strengthen the concept of a community of shared future for mankind by creating a tolerant social atmosphere, so as to achieve an appropriate balance between public safety and individual rights and interests.

Research progress on dental materials for preventing root caries / 口腔疾病防治

@#The high incidence and untreated rate of root caries, a common and frequently occurring oral disease with challenging treatment in elderly individuals, is the main cause of tooth loss among elderly people, as rapid development results in pulpitis and periapical periodontitis or residual crown and root, which has been regarded as one of the common chronic oral diseases seriously affecting the quality of life of elderly people. Thus, early intervention and prevention are important. Traditional dental materials for preventing root caries have been widely used in clinical practice; however, they have the disadvantages of tooth coloring, remineralization and low sterilization efficiency. A series of new dental materials for preventing root caries have gradually become a research hotspot recently, which have the advantages of promoting the mineralization of deep dental tissue, prolonging the action time and enhancing adhesion. Future caries prevention materials should be designed according to the characteristics of root surface caries and the application population and should be developed toward simplicity, high efficiency and low toxicity. This review describes current research regarding anti-caries prevention material application, serving as a theoretical underpinning for the research of root caries prevention materials, which is important for both promotion in the effective prevention of root caries and improvement in the status of oral health and the quality of life among old people.

La percepción de un futuro significativo y su relación con el autoconcepto y las experiencias positivas durante pandemia de covid-19 en estudiantes de nivel superior

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre las experiencias en las actividades de disfrute, la claridad en el autoconcepto y la percepción de un futuro significativo en jóvenes que cursan estudios superiores durante la pandemia de covid-19. Método: Participantes: estudiantes (n = 228), de ambos sexos de distintas carreras de nivel superior de Buenos Aires. Instrumentos: Cuestionario sociodemográfico. Cuestionario de los posibles sí mismos. Escala de propósito vital para estudiantes universitarios. Escala de claridad en el autoconcepto. Escala de Disfrute en la Actividad. Escala de Autorrealización en la Actividad. Escala de Indicadores Físicos y Psicoemocionales de Estrés. Resultados: más de la mitad de los estudiantes (65,8 %) percibe grandes cambios en su actividad de disfrute durante la cuarentena, pero estos no se relacionan con la percepción de un futuro significativo. La claridad en el autoconcepto predice la probabilidad de alcanzar los posibles sí mismos deseados y la búsqueda de propósito vital. La claridad, el afecto positivo y la autorrealización predicen la identificación de propósito vital. Las variables estudiadas se asocian a menores síntomas de estrés. Conclusión: los resultados muestran la necesidad de favorecer estas experiencias, así como la exploración del autoconocimiento, valores e intereses, que promuevan la identificación de metas, como factor de protección frente a los efectos y consecuencias del contexto actual.

Objective: Analyze the relationship between experiences in enjoyment activities, self-concept clarity and the perception of a significant future in young people who are pursuing higher education during the covid-19 pandemic. Method: Participants: students (n = 228), of both sexes who were studying different higher-level careers in Buenos Aires. Instruments: Sociodemographic questionnaire. Possible Selves Questionnaire. Purpose in Life Scale for College Students. Self-concept clarity Scale. Scale of Enjoyment in Activity, Scale of Personal Achievement. Scale of Physical and Psychoemotional Indicators of Stress. Results: More than a half of the students (65,8 %) perceive great changes in their enjoyment activity during the quarantine, but these are not related to the perception of a significant future. Self-concept clarity predicts the probability of attaining possible desired selves and the pursuit of purpose in life Clarity, positive affect, and self-actualization predict purpose in life identification. The variables studied are associated with fewer stress symptoms. Conclusion: The results show the need to favor these experiences, as well as the exploration of self-knowledge, values and interests, which promote the identification of goals, as a protective factor against the effects and consequences of the current context.

Environmental Laws Vs Energy Laws: A Comparative Analysis

Environmental laws and energy laws have always been a topic of debate among policymakers, legal scholars, and environmentalists. While environmental laws aim to protect the environment and natural resources, energy laws are designed to ensure a reliable and secure energy supply. The Indian government has implemented several laws and policies to protect the environment and promote renewable energy in recent years. This paper provides a comparative analysis of environmental laws and energy laws generally as well as in India to understand the effectiveness of the legal framework governing these areas and identify areas where improvements can be made. The Environmental Protection Act, Wildlife Protection Act, and Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act are the major environmental laws in India, while the Electricity Act, National Tariff Policy, and National Electricity Policy govern the energy sector. Despite the efforts made by the government, India still faces several environmental and energy challenges, including air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, high cost of renewable energy, and limited availability of energy storage solutions. The paper highlights the need for the Indian government to take bold steps to enforce environmental laws and promote renewable energy to ensure a sustainable and secure energy future for its citizens while protecting the environment for future generations. The paper concludes that both environmental laws and energy laws are important for ensuring a sustainable future, and that there is a need to strike a balance between the two.

A cross-sectional, questionnaire study to assess the feedback from second year medical students regarding competency based medical education prescribed formative assessment in pharmacology

Background: Formative assessment (FA) is part of the assessment process according to the new competency based medical education curriculum and is believed to improve learning. Feedback from students is an integral part of FA which, if incorporated, may help in optimizing content and application of future FAs. Hence, the current study was conducted to assess feedback from 2nd year medical students regarding FAs in Pharmacology. Aim and Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the emotional impact of FA on students and to analyze their suggestions regarding FA. Materials and Methods: A well-designed, structured, and pre-validated questionnaire was filled by consenting students who had written the FA. The responses were compiled in an excel sheet and statistically analyzed. Results: Out of 121 students, 115 took FA and of them 100 students filled the questionnaire (Response rate 86.95%). When it comes to emotional impact, 64% students did not find these assessments burdensome and 81% were motivated to study better. When it comes to future suggestions, 100% wanted to be pre-informed. About 88% wanted a written assessment. About 75% wanted only multiple choices questions (MCQs) and 70% wanted MCQs + Essay type questions. About 65% students wanted FAs in practicals but only 36% wanted it in the same paper as theory FA. Conclusion: FA is a good tool to enhance learning which is not a burden on students but a good motivator for better reading. Students prefer a pre-informed, written assessment with MCQs over essay type questions and want these FAs to be conducted in practical’s also but not in the same paper.

A Narrative Review on Priorities of Mental Health Issues among Transgenders: “So Near, Yet so Far”

In recent years there is a rapid rise in coming out of sexual and gender minority adults to their family members and society. Unfortunately, studies on unmet health needs of transgenders with a special focus to mental health is under-researched in India. The current paper aimed to explore about the mental health of transgenders and a literature search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for the following medical subject headings (MeSH) key terms “transgender”, “mental Health”, “social stigma”, “LGBT”, “gender dysphoria”, “genderqueer”, “intersex”, “MSM”, “hijra”, “gay”, “lesbian”, “bisexual”, and “homosexual”. Transgender individuals were found to show high rates of mental health concerns. The most common mental health problems that we have shown in this review article are depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, generalized anxiety disorders, suicidal attempts and bipolar disorders. Transgender people are at more risk for mental health problems than their heterogenous counterparts. The intervention program to eliminate or reduce these problems needs to be planned carefully, considering all the determinants

Three years of COVID-19 pandemic: comparative analysis of incidence, lethality and mortality among the States of the south region of Brazil / Três anos de pandemia da COVID-19: análise comparativa da incidência, letalidade e mortalidade entre os Estados da região sul do Brasi

Introduction: the first COVID-19 case in Brazil was confirmed on February 26, 2020. As of March 17, 2023, the Ministry of Health reported 699,634 deaths from COVID-19, with a case fatality rate of 1.9%. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil extends to socioeconomic and healthcare systems, reflecting significant regional disparities. Objective: To analyze mortality, incidence, and case fatality rates for COVID-19 in the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, in the southern region of Brazil. Methods: This is an ecological time-series study using official Brazilian secondary data for COVID-19 cases and deaths. Data were extracted from the dashboard of the State Health Department of Santa Catarina and Paraná. Temporal series were developed for trend analysis using the Prais-Winsten regression model. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 14.0 software (College Station, TX, USA, 2013). Results: In the analysis of rates over the entire period, trends for mortality, case fatality, and incidence in the state of Santa Catarina are decreasing, decreasing, and stationary, respectively. In Paraná, rates over the entire period showed a stationary trend for mortality, decreasing for case fatality, and increasing for incidence. Conclusion: COVID-19 had a devastating effect on the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná. Both states experienced the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic, with higher case fatality and mortality rates observed in Paraná, while Santa Catarina had a higher incidence rate over the three years of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Research progress of accelerated liver regeneration induced by associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) can induce accelerated regeneration of future liver remnant (FLR) and provide the opportunity of radical resection for previously inoperable patients with liver cancer, which has been considered to be one of the most important breakthroughs in liver surgery during the 21st century. It is of great significance to fully understand the mechanism of accelerated liver regeneration induced by ALPPS. This article comprehensively reviews the research progress in this field during the past 10 years.

The Construction of Doctor-patient Community with a Shared Future Based on Mencius’ Theory of Original Goodness of Human Nature / 中国医学伦理学

Since the first medical reform, China has carried out three reforms and improvements to the medical system. However, there are still some shortcomings, the problems at different levels are mainly reflected in the doctor-patient relationship. Doctor-patient conflict has become one of the hot topics of social focus. Under the development of the country and the joint efforts of all parties, doctor-patient conflict has been alleviated to a certain extent, and the doctor-patient relationship has been developing in a better direction. With the proposal of the concept of "doctor-patient community with a shared future", the joint construction of a community between doctors and patients has become a further goal. Mencius’ theory of original goodness of human nature echoes the construction of the contemporary doctor-patient community with a shared future. It criticizes the empirical theory of human nature and emphasizes the constructive and initiative of goodness in nature, that is, to achieve goodness in nature through preservation and expansion. In the doctor-patient relationship, goodness in nature is the construction of doctor-patient community with a shared future, which requires both doctors and patients to work together with firm confidence and gradually complete the construction of the community by continuous practice.

The Lack and Retrieval of Patient Subjectivity in Doctor-patient Shared Decision-making / 中国医学伦理学

Doctor-patient shared decision-making is a medical decision-making model that involves mutual interaction and communication between doctors and patients. The lack of patient’s subjectivity is mainly manifested in the departure of patients’ "subject" caused by the deviation of medical purpose and the influence of traditional culture, the weak position of patients formed by the difference in the strength of social role, the obstacle of doctor-patient communication caused by the difference of disease situation perception, etc., which has become a prominent problem hindering the development of doctor-patient shared decision-making mode. Taking the mutual subjectivity of doctors and patients as the premise, effective doctor-patient communication as the basis, and doctor-patient shared decision-making as the main axis, the construction of concentric medical care under a doctor-patient community with a shared future can help build up the subjectivity and mutual relationship between doctors and patients, and provide a path for the retrieval of patient subjectivity.

What Do Patients Need in the Process of Constructing a Doctor-patient Community with a Shared Future / 中国医学伦理学

Constructing a doctor-patient community with a shared future requires efforts from both the medical supply side and the patient demand side, with special attention to the needs of patients. Continuously meeting and improving the needs of patients is the starting point, ultimate goal, and evaluation standard for constructing a doctor-patient community with a shared future. Therefore, this paper proposed the proposition of "what patients need", that is, what needs do patients have and how to meet their needs. The fundamental needs of patients are to diagnose and treat diseases and recover from illness, which are specifically manifested in the demands to narrate the disease’s feelings, the willingness to participate in medical decision-making, the experience of diagnosis and treatment in the process of medical treatment, and the satisfaction evaluation of the hospital’s performance appraisal. On the basis of clarifying the needs of patients, this paper proposed the paths and methods to meet patients’ needs, and provided new ideas for constructing a doctor-patient community with a shared future.

Relationship between future time insight and academic procrastination among secondary vocational students： the mediating role of self-control / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo explore the influence of future time insight on academic procrastination and the role of self-control among secondary vocational students， and to provide references for mental health education of them. MethodsA total of 1 419 secondary vocational students from 2 secondary vocational schools in Huangshan City Anhui Province were selected as the research objects in June 2022. The future time insight questionnaire for adolescents， the academic procrastination questionnaire for middle school students and the Self-Control Scale （SCS） were used to assess the future time insight， academic procrastination and self-control ability of secondary vocational students. The mediating effect test of PROCESS was used to analyze the mediating role of self-control between future time insight and academic procrastination. Results①There was a positive correlation between the future time insight questionnaire for adolescents score， the SCS score and the academic procrastination questionnaire of middle school students score （r=0.558， 0.470， P<0.01）. ②Both future time insight and self-control could positively predict academic procrastination （β=0.463， 0.218， P<0.01）， while future time insight could positively predict self-control （β=0.348， P<0.01）. ③Self-control partially mediated the relationship between future time insight and academic procrastination ［indirect effect=0.076 （95% CI： 0.052~0.101， P<0.01）， and the indirect effect accounted for 16.41% of the total effect］. ConclusionThe future time insight of secondary vocational students can affect academic procrastination directly or indirectly through self-control， which partially mediates the relationship between future time insight and academic procrastination.

Building on the backbone of CD47-based therapy in cancer: Combination strategies, mechanisms, and future perspectives

Described as a "don't eat me" signal, CD47 becomes a vital immune checkpoint in cancer. Its interaction with signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) prevents macrophage phagocytosis. In recent years, a growing body of evidences have unveiled that CD47-based combination therapy exhibits a superior anti-cancer effect. Latest clinical trials about CD47 have adopted the regimen of collaborating with other therapies or developing CD47-directed bispecific antibodies, indicating the combination strategy as a general trend of the future. In this review, clinical and preclinical cases about the current combination strategies targeting CD47 are collected, their underlying mechanisms of action are discussed, and ideas from future perspectives are shared.

Temporalidades e racialização de jovens gays negros: Entre memórias e imagens de futuro / Temporalities and racialization of young black gay men: between memories and images of future / Temporalidades y racialización de los jóvenes negros gay: entre recuerdos e imágenes de futuro

Resumo Este artigo tem o objetivo de problematizar as singularidades presentes nas narrativas de jovens gays negros acerca das suas memórias e o que imaginam para o futuro. No contexto brasileiro, as suas experiências são atravessadas pelo racismo, homofobia e desigualdades sociais que se perpetuam ao longo das gerações ocasionando altas taxas de violência, exclusão e morte. Para compor essa discussão apresentamos reflexões, desde uma perspectiva dos estudos raciais e de gênero, de conversas realizadas com dois jovens negros e gays com o intuito de abordar as suas vivências e o que imaginam para o futuro. No diálogo construído com nossos interlocutores se revelam as singularidades presentes no modo de narrar as conexões e vínculos construídos em suas histórias de vida e como se relacionam com as narrativas de futuro, onde imaginam espaços de cuidado de si, lançando luz às resistências e possibilidades de existência encontradas pelos jovens.

Abstract This article aims to problematize the singularities present in the narratives of young black gay men about their memories and what they imagine for the future. In the Brazilian context, their experiences are crossed by racism, homophobia, and social inequalities that are perpetuated throughout generations, causing high rates of violence, exclusion, and death. To compose this discussion we present reflections, from a perspective of racial and gender studies, of conversations held with two young black and gay men in order to address their experiences and what they imagine for the future. In the dialog constructed with our interlocutors, the singularities present in the way of narrating the connections and bonds built in their life stories are revealed, and how they relate to the narratives of the future, where they imagine spaces of self-care, shedding light on the resistances and possibilities of existence encountered by young people.

Resumen Este artículo tiene por objetivo problematizar las singularidades presentes en las narrativas de jóvenes gays negros sobre sus memorias y lo que imaginan para el futuro. En el contexto brasileño, sus experiencias están atravesadas por el racismo, la homofobia y las desigualdades sociales que se perpetúan a lo largo de las generaciones, provocando altos índices de violencia, exclusión y muerte. Para componer esta discusión, presentamos reflexiones, desde una perspectiva de estudios raciales y de género, de conversaciones mantenidas con dos jóvenes gays negros con el objetivo de abordar sus experiencias y lo que imaginan para el futuro. El diálogo con nuestros interlocutores revela las singularidades presentes en la forma en que narran las conexiones y vínculos construidos en sus historias de vida y cómo se relacionan con las narrativas del futuro, donde imaginan espacios de autocuidado, arrojando luz sobre las resistencias y posibilidades de existencia encontradas por los jóvenes.

Validez de contenido para una entrevista autobiográfica para adultos mayores / Content validity for an autobiographical interview for older adults

RESUMEN Objetivo Validar una propuesta de Entrevista Autobiográfica orientada al adulto mayor típico. Método Se diseñaron preguntas para una entrevista de memoria autobiográfica semiestructurada y se desarrolló un protocolo para la aplicación de esta. Se utilizaron 28 jueces; 14 fonoaudiólogos y 14 adultos mayores. Adicionalmente, se pilotaron 2 entrevistas. Posteriormente, la validez de contenido se obtuvo mediante el procedimiento clásico de Lawshe, utilizando complementariamente una evaluación para la comprensibilidad y extensión de la entrevista, así como un procedimiento de triangulación de datos con los jueces y participantes de la experiencia piloto. Resultados De los 22 ítems evaluados, solo 4 estuvieron por sobre el valor crítico de referencia (0.49). Conclusión Se discute sobre la necesidad de incorporar esta medida de análisis en el contexto del respeto, la identidad y la agencia de los adultos mayores, como parte de un cambio de paradigma bajo la mirada de las atenciones centradas en la persona y un modelo de competencia comunicativa. Así como la necesidad de incorporar paradigmas culturales diferentes y el uso de tecnologías digitales.

ABSTRACT Purpose To validate a proposal for an autobiographical interview oriented to the typical older adult. Methods Questions for a semi-structured autobiographical memory interview were designed and a protocol for its application was developed. Fourteen Speech and Language Pathologists judges and 14 older adults were used. Additionally, 2 interviews were conducted. Subsequently, content validity was obtained by means of Lawshe's classic procedure. Also, using a complementary evaluation for comprehensibility and length of the interview, as well as a data triangulation procedure with the judges and participants of the pilot experience. Results Of the 22 items evaluated, only 4 were above the critical reference value (0.49). Conclusion The need to incorporate this measure of analysis in the context of respect, identity and agency of older adults is discussed as part of a change in thinking under the gaze of person-centered care and a communicative competence model. As well as the need to incorporate different cultural paradigms and the use of digital technologies.

Teachers' profile in sustainability: association with personal and social responsibility in physical education classes / Perfil dos professores em sustentabilidade: associação com responsabilidade pessoal e social nas aulas de educação física

ABSTRACT This study aims to identify in a sample of future teachers the profiles of their perceptions, attitudes, and values towards sustainable development and to determine whether a specific profile is related to personal and social responsibility and positive behaviors in Physical Education classes. The sample comprised 372 students (Mage = 22.02±3.16 years; 66.67% girls) from the subject of Physical Education of the Degree of Teacher of Primary Education (Universities of Granada and Zaragoza). An initial cluster analysis revealed the existence of two different groups among future teachers: Cluster 1, "negative perception," represented by 36.3%, and Cluster 2, "positive perceptions" with 63.7% of the sample. Thus, almost 40% of the sample does not perceive the current environmental crisis. The relationship between the groups and the rest of the target variables was analyzed through one-factor ANOVA, finding that Cluster 2 students had higher values in all the dimensions of personal and social responsibility and positive behaviors than those of Cluster 1. Lastly, a discriminant analysis revealed that belonging to a certain university determined belonging to one of the two Clusters, with the values obtained by the sample from the University of Granada being higher than those from the University of Zaragoza.

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar em uma amostra de futuros professores os perfis de suas percepções, atitudes e valores em relação ao desenvolvimento sustentável e determinar se um perfil específico está relacionado à responsabilidade pessoal e social e a comportamentos positivos nas aulas de Educação Física. A amostra foi composta por 372 alunos (idade = 22,02±3,16 anos; 66,67% meninas) da disciplina de Educação Física do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Básica (Universidades de Granada e Zaragoza). Uma análise inicial de agrupamento revelou a existência de dois grupos diferentes entre os futuros professores: O Grupo 1, "percepção negativa", representado por 36,3%, e o Grupo 2, "percepções positivas", com 63,7% da amostra. Assim, quase 40% da amostra não percebe a atual crise ambiental. A relação entre os grupos e o restante das variáveis-alvo foi analisada por meio de uma ANOVA de um fator, que revelou que os alunos do Grupo 2 tinham valores mais altos em todas as dimensões de responsabilidade pessoal e social e comportamentos positivos do que os do Grupo 1. Por fim, uma análise discriminante revelou que o fato de pertencer a uma determinada universidade determinava o pertencimento a um dos dois grupos, sendo que os valores obtidos pela amostra da Universidade de Granada eram mais altos do que os da Universidade de Zaragoza.

Uma juventude privada de escola: luto e sonhos em tempos de pandemia / Una juventud privada de escuela: duelo y sueños en tiempos de pandemia / A youth deprived of school: mourning and dreams in times of pandemic / Une jeunesse privée d'école: deuil et rêve en temps de pandémie

No contexto brasileiro de fechamento de escolas devido à pandemia da Covid-19, diante de múltiplas formas de crise social e de um projeto de destruição do país liderado pelas autoridades políticas, esta contribuição testemunha como os jovens que encontramos no momento da transição entre o ensino médio e a universidade no âmbito de um projeto de pesquisa viveram este período. As entrevistas realizadas trouxeram à tona a importante questão do relacionamento deles com a escola, enquanto instituição, nesse momento existencial de projeção. A pesquisa destaca o fato de que estes jovens foram capazes de atravessar estas crises se apoiando em uma forma de escola internalizada, um traço identificatório que tornou possível o trabalho psíquico do luto, permitindo-lhes não cair em um estado melancólico

En el contexto brasileño de cierre de escuelas debido a la pandemia del Covid-19, frente a múltiples formas de crisis socialy a un proyecto de destrucción del país liderado por las autoridades políticas, esta contribución da testimonio de cómo vivieron este período los jóvenes que conocimos en el momento de la transición entre la enseñanza media y la universidad en el marco de un proyecto de investigación. Las entrevistas realizadas sacaron a la luz la importante cuestión de su relación con la escuela, como institución,en este momento existencial de proyección. La investigación destaca el hecho de que estos jóvenes pudieron atravessar estas crisis apoyándose en una forma interiorizada de escuela, un rasgo de identificación que hizo posible el trabajo psíquico del duelo, permitiéndoles no caer en un estado melancólico

In the Brazilian context of school closures due to the Covid-19 pandemic, in the face of multiple forms of social crisis and a project of destruction of the country led by the political authorities, this contribution bears witness to how the young people we met at the moment of transition between high school and university within the framework of a research project experienced this period. The interviews conducted brought to light the important issue of their relationship with school, as an institution, at this existential moment of projection. The research highlights the fact that these young people were able to cross these crises by relying on an internalized form of school, an identificatory trait that made possible the psychic work of mourning, allowing them not to fall into a melancholic state

Dans le contexte brésilien de fermeture des écoles en raison de la pandemie de la Covid-19, face aux multiples formes de crises sociales et à un projet de destruction du pays mené par les autorités politiques, cette contribution témoigne de comment les jeunes rencontrés au moment du passage entre le lycée et l'université dans le cadre d'une recherche ont vécu cette période. Les entretiens menés ont fait émerger la question importante de leur rapport à l'école, en tant qu'institution,dans ce moment existentiel de projection. La recherche met en lumière le fait que ces jeunes ont pu traverser ces crisesen s'appuyant sur une forme d'école intériorisée, un trait identificatoire qui a renduossible le travail psychique du deuil,leur permettant de ne pas tomber dans un état mélancolique

PAIN MANAGEMENT OF COVID–19 INFECTED PATIENTS AFTER THE VACCINATION: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Background: COVID-19 is a severe infectious disease (SID) claimed that >180,000 lives are infected millions in the elderly population globally. Emerging evidences we observed that virus to cause hemorrhagic and immunologic responses impact in all the organs, including lungs, kidneys, eye , the brain, and extremities as well as. We had Material and Methods: performed with prospectively of >1,500 articles and included 525 references from our online databases, including with the Scopus, PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and the wave of Sciences. COVID-19 patients are also going through the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cytokine storm (CS), acute hypercoagulable state (AHCS), and the autonomic dysfunction (ADF) managed by the multidisciplinary team approach. This is including with Physical medicine rehabilitation, medicine, nursing, nutrition, and rehabilitation and the other important radiological ?ndings. A total no of 30 vaccines under the developmental process (DP), Results: and now newly developed with their guidelines for the better treatment strategies and newly developed protocols are being well implemented. The majority of 80-95% of elderly population those are suffering from neurological diseases (ND-90-95%), Alzheimer's disease (AD-85%, Parkinsonism Diseases (PD-95%) and dementia (D-80%) related illnesses noticed that they are at higher risk during COVID-19 pandemic. The future management for COVID-19 should include B-cell and T-cell immunotherapy in combination with all the emerging prophylaxis is also more helpful. The pain CONCLUSION: management in the neurological disorders (ND) including with all the mental health with several illness aspects of the COVID-19 is the most important side effects of during the pandemic. Hence the national level and International level plan for prevention, diagnosis and treatment for SARS-CoV-2 also affects patients', families', society's neurological disorders (ND), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinsonism Diseases (PD), Dementia Diseases (DD), and the other mental health patients at larger in population. Now growing evidence of re-infection in some neurological disorders (ND) patients is to provide a comprehensive knowledge of SARS-CoV-2-induced with neurological diseases (NDs) and their mechanism of infection (MOI), diagnostics, therapeutics, and their new treatment strategies, focusing with less attended aspects including with the nutritional support, psychological, and physical medicine and rehabilitation and its management are essential for elders, youth, and children.