ZHANG Zhiqiang, CHEN Wei, LIU Bo / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the value of spleen volume (SV) in predicting portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and severe PHG in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 168 patients with liver cirrhosis who were admitted to Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospistal Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine from January 2018 to August 2022, and with the results of gastroscopy as the gold standard, these patients were divided into non-PHG group with 115 patients and PHG group with 53 patients; the PHG group was further divided into mild PHG group with 26 patients and severe PHG group with 27 patients. All patients underwent electronic gastroscopy, abdominal magnetic resonance imaging, and serological examination to obtain related indices and parameters. The group t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. A multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen out the independent risk factors for PHG and severe PHG, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the predictive value of related indices or parameters. The area under the Roccurve is compared using Delong test. Results The univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the PHG group and the non-PHG group in sex, presence or absence of ascites, hemoglobin (Hb), platelet count (PLT), aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, albumin (Alb), prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, Child-Pugh class, FIB-4 score, King score, Lok score, spleen diameter (SD), SV, platelet count/spleen diameter ratio (PSDR), and platelet count/spleen volume ratio (PSVR) (all P < 0.05), and there were significant differences in Hb, PLT, Alb, SD, SV, PSDR, and PSVR between the mild PHG group and the severe PHG group (all P < 0.05). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that FIB-4 score (odds ratio [ OR ]=1.280, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 1.009-1.625, P < 0.05) and SV ( OR =1.007, 95% CI : 1.001-1.013, P < 0.05) were independent risk factors for PHG, and SV ( OR =0.990, 95% CI : 0.980-1.000, P < 0.05) was an independent influencing factor for severe PHG. The ROC curve analysis showed that in predicting PHG, SV had a larger area under the ROC curve (AUC) than FIB-4 score (0.884 vs 0.825, P < 0.05), with a sensitivity of 0.774 and a specificity of 0.870 at the optimal cut-off value of 406.82; in predicting the onset of severe PHG, SV had an AUC of 0.782, with a sensitivity of 0.593 and a specificity of 0.962 at the optimal cut-off value of 714.63. Conclusion SV has a good value in predicting the onset of PHG and severe PHG.

A rare case of thrombocytosis presentation in patient alcoholic liver disease with portal hypertension gastropathy: a stepwise evaluation

Thrombocytosis is rarely found in patient with chronic liver disease (CLD). The possibility of reactive thrombocytosis could be due to sustained process such as iron deficiency anemia (IDA) because of occult bleeding. Occult bleeding can happen in CLD patient because of portal hypertension gastropathy (PHG) as complication of portal hypertension. A carefully evaluation of anemia can lead to underlying cause of disease, even in limited of supportive evaluationand some other confounding presentation that is thrombocytosis.We report a case of 54 years-old male patient with severe anemia. He had same symptom previously and got transfusion. Peripheral blood smear showed microcytic hypochromic anemia, anisocytosis, and poikilocytosis even pencil cells (pencil cells or cigar cells) with thrombocytosis. No symptom of acute inflammation setting and no clear blood loss was founded. As patient admitted to smoking and heavy alcohol consumption in the past, Ultrasound was performed for screening of underlying disease that cause occult bleeding. Ultrasound of the liver showed generally increased echogenicity suggestive of liver cirrhosis, splenomegaly and minimal ascites. Thus, our patient clinically be suggestive of CLD with portal hypertension that cause PHG.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in mechanically ventilated patients in medical ICU: A single-center study

Aims Upper Gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in critically ill patients under mechanical ventilation (MV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it aimed to study the incidence, predictors, and etiology of UGIB in critically ill patients under MV. Patients and Methods Three hundred and sixty critically ill patients were managed by mechanical ventilation. The patients were evaluated by complete clinical examination, APACHE II score, liver and kidney function tests, and abdominal ultrasound. In addition, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done for survived patients with UGIB during MV after weaning with a stable clinical condition for at least 48 hours. Results 41 patients (11.4 %) had UGIB; 15 patients (36.6%) survived and death occurred in 26 (63.4%). Upper endoscopy revealed large ulcers > 2 cm in the gastric antrum (n=1), multiple antral ulcers (n=2), large >2cm corporeal gastric ulcers (n=2) [all were Forrest Ib with oozing surface], bleeding small duodenal bulb ulcers < 2cm (n=1) [Forrest Ia with spurting], small ulcers in the lower esophagus with lower end esophagitis (n=2), black esophagus (n=1), ulcer on top of grade III oesophageal varices (n=2), severe portal hypertensive gastropathy (n=3), candida esophagitis and gastritis (n=1). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent variables of UGIB were elevated serum creatinine, APACHE II score >14, peak inspiratory pressure ≥ 30cmH2O, and prolonged aPTT. Conclusions : Mechanically ventilated patients had a high risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which the postulated parameters can predict for adequate prophylaxis.

The differences in clinical profiles and imaging features between liver cirrhosis combined with gastroesophageal varices type 2 and isolated gastric varices type 1 / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To investigate the differences in clinical features and imaging findings of cirrhotic patients with fundic varices between gastroesophageal varices type 2 (GOV2) and isolated fundic varices type 1 (IGV1).Methods:Clinical and imaging data of cirrhotic patients with fundic varices treated in Union Hospital, Tonji Medical Colloge, of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from October 2013 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 210 patients were enrolled, including 139 patients of GOV2 (GOV2 group) and 71 patients of IGV1 (IGV1 group). Blood routine examination results showed that the median value of hemoglobin in GOV2 group was lower than that in IGV1 group(91.00 g/L VS 112.00 g/L, P<0.05). The incidence of portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) in GOV2 group was higher than that in IGV1 group [20.14% (28/139) VS 5.63% (4/71), P<0.05]. The incidence of peptic ulcer was lower in GOV2 group than that in IGV1 group [12.23% (17/139) VS 38.03% (27/71), P<0.05]. The median diameter of portal veins in GOV2 group was larger than that in IGV1 group (15.09 mm VS 12.85 mm, P<0.05), and the volume of gastric fundus varices in GOV2 group was smaller than that in IGV1 group (2.14 mL VS 10.00 mL, P<0.05). The proportion of afferent veins in left gastric vein in GOV2 group was higher than that in IGV1 group [98.43% (125/127) VS 77.78% (42/54), P<0.05], and the median diameter of left gastric vein in GOV2 group was larger than that in IGV1 group (5.58 mm VS 4.53 mm, P<0.05). The efferent vessels mainly included gastrorenal shunt and splenorenal shunt. The incidences of gastrorenal shunt [27.56% (35/127) VS 66.67% (36/54)] and splenirenal shunt [12.60% (16/127) VS 25.93% (14/54)] in GOV2 group were lower than those in IGV1 group ( both P<0.05). The incidences of venae parumbilicales vein [38.58% (49/127) VS 12.96% (7/54)] and retroperitoneal collateral shunt [30.71% (39/127) VS 11.11% (6/54)] in GOV2 group were higher than those in IGV1 group (both P<0.05). Conclusion:There is significant heterogeneity in clinical features and imaging findings between cirrhotic patients complicated with GOV2 and IGV1. Recognizing and understanding the differences between the two types of patients is beneficial to taking appropriate clinical measures and improving patient prognosis.

Menetrier's disease. A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge / Enfermedad de Menetrier. Un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico

Abstract We present a rare case of hypertrophic gastropathy associated with protein loss. A 35-year-old man was hospitalized for bowel habit changes, abdominal pain, generalized edema and symptomatic anemia. Pertinent laboratory findings included iron deficiency anemia (Hb 6.7g/dl, ferritin 5 ng/ml) and marked hypoalbuminemia (albumin 2.5 g/dl). Endoscopic biopsy samples of giant gastric folds observed along the greater gastric curvature revealed foveolar hyperplasia and significant parietal cell loss. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed gastric parietal thickening with preserved architecture and normal gastric wall layers. Menetrier disease was diagnosed and the patient treated with cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits ligand binding of trans forming growth factor alpha (TGFa), preventing gastric mucosa cell proliferation. After twelve months of treatment, the patient referred symptoms improvement, and gastric biopsy levels of the proliferation marker protein Ki-67 had decreased.

Resumen Presentamos un caso infrecuente de gastropatía hipertrófica asociada a pérdida de proteínas. Un hombre de 35 años fue hos pitalizado por cambios en los hábitos intestinales, dolor abdominal, edema generalizado y anemia sintomática. Los hallazgos de laboratorio pertinentes incluyeron anemia ferropénica (Hb 6.7 g/dl, ferritina 5 ng/ml) e hipoal buminemia marcada (albúmina 2.5 g/dl). Las muestras de biopsia endoscópica de pliegues gástricos gigantes observados a lo largo de la curvatura mayor gástrica revelaron hiperplasia foveolar y pérdida significativa de células parietales. La ecografía endoscópica mostró engrosamiento parietal gástrico con arquitectura conservada y capas de pared gástrica normales. Se diagnosticó enfermedad de Menetrier y se trató al paciente con cetuximab, un anticuerpo monoclonal que inhibe la unión del ligando del factor de crecimiento transformante alfa (TGFa), evitando la proliferación de células de la mucosa gástrica. Después de doce meses de tratamiento, el paciente refirió mejoría de los síntomas y los niveles de la proteína marcadora de proliferación Ki-67 en biopsia gástrica habían disminuido.

Primary gastric rupture in 20 horses from Midwestern Brazil: case report / Ruptura gástrica primária em 20 equinos no Centro-Oeste do Brasil: relato de caso

An 11-year (2007-2018) survey of epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings of horses with primary gastric rupture (PGR) was conducted. Twenty horses presented PGR, nine (45%) horses were clinically evaluated, eleven (55%) were sent dead, and all animals were necropsied. PGR contributed to a prevalence of 0.31% (9/2,868) of all equid attendances, 1.83% (9/491) of colic cases, and 4.1% (20/487) of all equid necropsies. Highly fermentable feed (n=7), gastric impaction (n=4), and perforating gastric ulcer (n=1) were the main causes of PGR; whilst eight horses presented idiopathic gastric rupture. Clinically evaluated horses were tachycardic, tachypneic, febrile, dehydrated, with increased abdominal tension, abnormal mucous membranes and reduced to absent intestinal borborygmi. Improper dietary management, such as the ingestion of low-quality roughage and highly fermentable feedstuffs were detected as the main factors associated with PGR in Midwestern Brazil. It is important to raise awareness in horse owners about proper feed management to minimize PGR.(AU)

Foi realizado um levantamento de 11 anos (2007-2018) dos achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de equinos com ruptura gástrica primária (RGP). Vinte equinos apresentaram RGP, dos quais nove (45%) foram avaliados clinicamente e 11 (55%) foram enviados mortos, sendo todos os animais necropsiados. A RGP contribuiu com prevalência de 0,31% de todos os atendimentos de equídeos (9/2.868), 1,83% (9/491) dos casos de cólica, e 4,1% (20/487) das necropsias em equídeos. Alimentos altamente fermentáveis (n=7), compactação gástrica (n=4) e perfuração de úlcera gástrica (n=1) foram as principais causas de RGP, enquanto oito equinos tiveram ruptura gástrica idiopática. Os equinos avaliados clinicamente apresentaram-se taquicárdicos, taquipneicos, febris, desidratados, com mucosas anormais, aumento da tensão abdominal e motilidade intestinal reduzida. O manejo inadequado da dieta, como a ingestão de forragens de baixa qualidade e alimentos altamente fermentáveis, foi o principal fator de risco associado à RGP no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. É importante aumentar a conscientização dos proprietários de equinos sobre o manejo alimentar adequado para minimizar a RGP.(AU)

Carvedilol as primary prophylaxis for gastric variceal bleeding in portal hypertension model in rats / Carvedilol como profilaxia de sangramento em varizes gástricas em modelo de hipertensão portal em ratos

ABSTRACT Background: Portal hypertension (PH) can be measured indirectly through a hepatic vein pressure gradient greater than 5 mmHg. Cirrhosis is the leading cause for PH and can present as complications ascites, hepatic dysfunction, renal dysfunction, and esophagogastric varices, characterizing gastropathy. Aim: To evaluate the use of carvedilol as primary prophylaxis in the development of collateral circulation in rats submitted to the partial portal vein ligament (PPVL) model. Method: This is a combined qualitative and quantitative experimental study in which 32 Wistar rats were divided into four groups (8 animals in each): group I - cirrhosis + carvedilol (PPVL + C); group II - cirrhosis + vehicle (PPVL); group III - control + carvedilol (SO-sham-operated + C); group IV - control + vehicle (SO-sham-operated). After seven days of the surgical procedure (PPVL or sham), carvedilol (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (1 mL normal saline) were administered to the respective groups daily for seven days. Results: The histological analysis showed no hepatic alteration in any group and a decrease in edema and vasodilatation in the PPVL + C group. The laboratory evaluation of liver function did not show a statistically significant change between the groups. Conclusion: Carvedilol was shown to have a positive effect on gastric varices without significant adverse effects.

RESUMO Racional: A hipertensão portal (HP), medida indiretamente através do gradiente pressórico da veia hepática >5 mmHg, tem como principal causa etiológica a cirrose. Possui como complicações a ascite, disfunção hepática, disfunção renal e varizes esofagogástricas, que caracterizam o quadro de gastropatia. Objetivo: Avaliar o uso do carvedilol como profilaxia primária no desenvolvimento da circulação colateral em ratos submetidos ao modelo de ligadura parcial de veia porta (LPVP). Método: Estudo experimental qualitativo e quantitativo no qual foram utilizados 32 ratos Wistar, divididos em quatro grupos (n=8): grupo I - cirrose + carvedilol (LPVP+C); grupo II - cirrose + veículo (LPVP); grupo III - controle + carvedilol (SO - sham-operated+C); grupo IV - controle + veículo (SO - sham-operated). Após transcorridos sete dias do procedimento cirúrgico, foi administrado carvedilol (10 mg/kg) e veículo (1mL) para os respectivos grupos por sete dias consecutivos. Resultados: A análise histológica não mostrou alteração hepática em nenhum grupo e diminuição de edema e vasodilatação no grupo LPVP+C. A avaliação laboratorial da função hepática não mostrou alteração com significância estatística entre os grupos. Conclusão: Carvedilol mostrou ser fármaco com efeito positivo no sangramento das varizes gástricas e sem efeitos adversos significantes.

Gastroscopic manifestations of portal hypertensive gastropathy in liver cirrhosis and related factors / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the gastroscopic manifestations of gastric mucosa in portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and the association of PHG with gastroesophageal varices, ulcers, and liver cirrhosis complications. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 867 patients with liver cirrhosis who were treated in Daping Hospital of Army Medical University from August 2012 to June 2018, and the incidence rates of gastroesophageal varices, PHG, and ulcers were recorded. Meanwhile, the data of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were collected. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups, and a Spearman correlation analysis was also performed. ResultsThe incidence rate of PHG in the patients with liver cirrhosis reached 66.2% (574/867), and gastric mucosa abnormalities in mild PHG were mainly red-spot lesions (68.6%) and snakeskin (56.8%), while diffuse erythema (76.5%) was the main gastric mucosa abnormality in severe PHG. There was a significant difference in the incidence rate of PHG between the patients with different severities of esophageal varices (χ2=304712, P＜0.05), and the severity of PHG increased with the aggravation of esophageal varices (r=0.515, P＜0.05). There was a significant difference in the incidence rate of PHG between the patients with different severities of gastric varices (χ2=81.004, P＜0.05), and the severity of PHG was positively correlated with that of gastric varices (r=0.292, P＜0.05). There was a significant difference in the incidence rate of PHG between the patients with varices at different locations (χ2=41.361, P＜0.05); the patients with gastric varices alone had the lowest incidence rate of PHG (34.8%) and only had mild PHG, and those with gastroesophageal varices had the highest incidence rate of PHG (85.6%). Among the patients without PHG, 71 (24.2%) were hospitalized due to hematemesis and/or tarry stool, and among the 574 patients with PHG, 316 (55.1%) were hospitalized, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (χ2=74562, P＜0.05). ConclusionPatients with different severities of PHG have different features of gastric mucosa abnormalities. The development and severity of PHG are closely associated with the severity of gastroesophageal varices and are important causes of gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhosis. PHG should be treated and prevented to reduce the risk and complications of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Gastropatía hiperplásica de tipo foveolar con Coinfección por Helicobacter pylori / Hyperplastic Gastropathy of the Foveolar Type with Helicobacter Pylori Coinfection

La Gastropatía hiperplásica de tipo foveolar o Enfermedad de Ménétrier es una gastropatía hipertrófica premaligna rara. Se caracteriza por un engrosamiento de los pliegues gástricos, secundario a una hiperplasia de las células mucosas foveolares frecuentemente asociada con pérdida de proteínas entéricas e hipoalbuminemia y síntomas tracto gastrointestinal superior como dolor epigástrico, malestar, náuseas y vómitos. Se ha relacionado con infecciones en la mayoría de los casos publicados, Citomegalovirus (CMV) y Helicobacter pylori (Hp). Se presenta el caso de adolescente con antecedente de epilepsia refractaria, quien ingresa por status convulsivo y durante hospitalización presenta sangrado digestivo alto con compromiso hemodinámico. Diagnosticándose enfermedad de Ménétrier por hallazgos endoscópicos y biopsia. Realizamos revisión de la literatura

Ménétrier's disease is a rare premalignant hypertrophic gastropathy. It is characterized by a thickening of the gastric folds, secondary to a hyperplasia of the foveolar mucosal cells, frequently associated with loss of enteric proteins and hypoalbuminemia and upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms such as epigastric pain, malaise, nausea and vomiting. It has been associated with infections in most of the published cases, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Helicobacter pylori (Hp).We present the case of a teenager with a history of refractory epilepsy, who is admitted due to convulsive status and during hospitalization he presents with high digestive bleeding with hemodynamic compromise. Diagnosing Ménétrier's disease by endoscopic findings and biopsy. We review the literature

Frequency of Peptic Ulcer Disease Increases with Severity of Cirrhosis of Liver: Experience of Tertiary Level Hospital of Dhaka

Introduction: Cirrhosis of Liver is prevalent in Bangladesh.PUD can coexist with portal hypertension with cirrhosis.Objectives: To identify frequency of peptic ulcer diseaseincreases with severity of cirrhosis of liver.Materials & Methods: Consecutive 96 patients of cirrhosis ofliver had enrolled when found oesophageal varices at ourendoscopy unit during endoscopic evaluations in 4 monthsperiod (August 2017 to November 2017).Results: Total cirrhotic patients enrolled were 114 (M=75,F=39), mean age was 51.80 ± 14.20 yrs (18-86years). HBVwas the leading cause of cirrhosis in 54.18%, HCV 5.22 %,proven NASH were 12.24% and rest were from unknownaetiology. Their average CTP score were 8.6 (12-5), 37.6%associated with portal hypertensive gastropathy. Grade-IIIoesophageal varicose found in 52 patients, whereas grade-II in25 patients. Among this 114 patients 46 (40.62%) revealedpeptic ulcer disease more in the form of gastric ulcer (n=31)than duodenal ulcer (n=10) and both (n=5).Most of the ulcersbelonged to Forrest class III (76.92%).Conclusion: Variceal bleeding and portal hypertensivegastropathy in patients with liver cirrhosis are prevalent causesof bleeding and anaemia. One of the potential causes ofhaematemesis, melaena, and anaemia among these patientsin Bangladesh has been discovered to be peptic ulcer illness.To verify the findings, large, multicenter-controlled trials arerequired.

Enfermedad de Ménétrier en pacientes pediátricos secundaria a una infección por citomegalovirus: Presentación de dos casos clínicos en un centro de alta complejidad / Ménétrier's disease in pediatric patients secondary to cytomegalovirus infection: Presentation of two clinical cases in a high complexity center

La enfermedad de Ménétrier es una gastroenteropatía perdedora de proteínas. Definida como una entidad rara y de causa desconocida, la mayoría de los casos reportados la han asociado a infecciones virales. En los pacientes pediátricos, presenta un comienzo agudo con un curso benigno y autolimitado. Se caracteriza por tener pliegues gástricos engrosados que, generalmente, involucran el cuerpo y el fundus gástrico, asociados a hipoalbuminemia, debido a la pérdida de proteína sérica a través de la mucosa. A continuación, se exponen dos casos clínicos de síndrome de Ménétrier infantil asociado a infección por citomegalovirus.

Ménétrier's disease is a protein losing gastroenteropathy. Defined as a rare entity with an unknown cause, most of the reported cases have been associated with viral infections. In pediatric patients, it is characterized by an acute onset with a benign and self-limiting course. It is characterized by thickened gastric folds that generally involve the body and the gastric fundus, associated with hypoalbuminemia due to the loss of serum protein through the mucosa. The following are two clinical cases of infant Ménétrier syndrome associated with cytomegalovirus infection.

Medication regularity of combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in treating Helicobacter pylori-related gastropathy based on literatures / 中国中药杂志

The medication rules of combination of traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) and Western medicine in treating Helicobacter pylori-related gastropathy are analyzed to provide reference for clinical Helicobacter pylori-related gastropathy. Relevant literatures on integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-related gastropathy were collected in CNKI,Wan Fang,VIP and CBM. Excel software and traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system were used to establish a prescription database for data mining and analysis of the medication rules. A total of 178 literatures were selected,77 of them indicated TCM syndromes,and the syndrome of dampness-heat in the spleen and stomach had the highest frequency. A total of 207 prescriptions were used,including 100 classic prescriptions,and Banxia Xiexin Decoction had the highest frequency. Traditional Chinese medicine materials were used for 3 027 times,involving 207 herbs,and the top three mostly frequently used herbs were Glycyrrhiza uralensis,Coptis chinensis,and Pinellia ternata. The herbs mostly featured cold and warm properties in four natures,and bitterness and pungent in five flavors,and enter spleen,stomach and liver meridians. Totally 21 core drug combinations and 12 new prescriptions were obtained. According to data mining,the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-related gastropathy gives priority to " dispelling evil" " tonifying deficiency" and regulating Qi. The medication rules were the combination of cold and warm herbs and the compatibility of acrid opening and bitter down-bearing herbs. This provides a certain reference for optimizing clinical prescriptions,improving efficacy,and developing new drugs.

Correlation Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy: A Meta-analysis / 胃肠病学

Background: Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is a mucosa damaging disease caused by obstruction of blood drainage, and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection may further aggravate the gastric mucosal injury. Aims: To investigate the relationship between PHG and Hp infection. Methods: Literature of Hp infection in liver cirrhosis patients with or without PHG was retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, CBM, CNKI and Wanfang databases. The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 18 studies involving 2 159 patients with liver cirrhosis were included. Meta-analysis results showed that there was no statistical difference in Hp infection rate in liver cirrhosis patients with and without PHG (OR=1.37, 95% CI: 0.93-2.02, P=0.11). Subgroup analysis show that in ulcer and ulcer-free subgroups, domestic and foreign subgroups, invasive detection methods and non-invasive detection methods subgroups, no significant differences in Hp infection rate were found between liver cirrhosis patients with and without PHG (P>0.05). Conclusions: There is no significant correlation between Hp infection and PHG in patients with liver cirrhosis. The presence of peptic ulcer, different regions and different Hp detection methods have no influence on the result of meta-analysis.

Lymphomatoid gastropathy: one case report and literatures review / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To report the first case of lymphomatoid gastropathy in China, and to demonstrate the clinical characteristics, diagnostic approach, treatment and prognosis in this kind of patients. Methods: One patient was diagnosed as lymphomatoid gastropathy at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and her clinical characteristics, lab data, treatment and follow-up outcomes were reviewed. Results: A case of a 51-year-old female was presented, who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) due to slight epigastric discomfort. EGD revealed multiple ulcers and erosions. Biopsies showed atypical lymphocytes infiltration with CD3(+), CD56(+), CD20(-), CD8(-), TIA(+), Granzyme B(-) and Ki-67 (75%). Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA in situ hybridization was negative. Four months later, repeated EGD examination showed regression of the lesions without specific treatment. Conclusion: Lymphomatoid gastropathy was a unique disease entity mimicking NK/T-cell lymphomas in pathology, with the quite different profile of treatment and prognosis. It's important to consider this issue during the differential diagnosis to avoid any excessive treatment.

Lymphomatoid gastropathy: one case report and literatures review / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To report the first case of lymphomatoid gastropathy in China, and to demonstrate the clinical characteristics, diagnostic approach, treatment and prognosis in this kind of patients.@*Methods@#One patient was diagnosed as lymphomatoid gastropathy at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and her clinical characteristics, lab data, treatment and follow-up outcomes were reviewed.@*Results@#A case of a 51-year-old female was presented, who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) due to slight epigastric discomfort. EGD revealed multiple ulcers and erosions. Biopsies showed atypical lymphocytes infiltration with CD3(+), CD56(+), CD20(-), CD8(-), TIA(+), Granzyme B(-) and Ki-67 (75%). Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA in situ hybridization was negative. Four months later, repeated EGD examination showed regression of the lesions without specific treatment.@*Conclusion@#Lymphomatoid gastropathy was a unique disease entity mimicking NK/T-cell lymphomas in pathology, with the quite different profile of treatment and prognosis. It’s important to consider this issue during the differential diagnosis to avoid any excessive treatment.

Bioequivalencia clínica de dos marcas de esomeprazol administradas en pacientes con ulcus gastroduodenal / Clinical bioequivalence of 2 brands of esomeprazol administered in patients with gastroduodenal ulcus

Los inhibidores de bomba de protones son usados en el tratamiento de la gastropatía ácido-péptica. Objetivo: comparar la eficacia de dos marcas de esomeprazol en el tratamiento de gastropatía ácido-péptica, la evolución de síntomas y su tolerancia. Materiales y Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes de ambos sexos, con edades entre 18-60 años, con o sin Helicobacter pylori, que en la gastroscopia presentaron una o más erosiones o úlceras ≥ 5 mm y < 25 mm en su diámetro mayor. Se distribuyeron aleatoriamente a recibir una de las marcas, 40 mg/día, oral, durante 4 semanas. Al final fueron evaluados con endoscopia, interrogatorio de efectos adversos y laboratorio, comparando tasa de curación y evolución de la endoscopia. Se evaluó la tasa de respondedores por disminución del score de síntomas y la tolerancia mediante interrogatorio de efectos adversos y pruebas de laboratorio. Resultados: Ingresaron 34 pacientes, analizando los resultados de 30. En ambos grupos observamos mejoría en la endoscopia (curación y/o mejoría). El score de síntomas mejoró en ambos grupos, con significancia intragrupo pero no intergrupal. Los efectos adversos no fueron significativos. Conclusiones: Observamos mejoría en los criterios de endoscopia, y en el score de síntomas, en ambos grupos.

Introduction: Proton pump inhibitors are used in the treatment of acid-peptic gastropathy. Objective: to compare the efficacy of two brands of esomeprazole in the treatment of acid-peptic gastropathy, the evolution of symptoms and their tolerance. Materials and methods: Patients of both sexes, aged 18-60 years, with or without Helicobacter pylori, who had one or more erosions or ulcers ≥ 5 mm and <25 mm in their largest diameter, in gastroscopy, were included. They were randomized to receive one of the brands, 40 mg / day, orally, for 4 weeks. At the end, they were evaluated with endoscopy, adverse event questioning and laboratory tests, comparing cure rate and evolution of endoscopy. We evaluated the rate of responders according to decreased symptom score, and tolerance through questioning of adverse effects and laboratory tests. Results: Thirty-four patients were enrolled, analyzing the results of 30 patients. In both groups we observed improvement in endoscopy (healing and / or improvement). The score of symptoms improved in both groups, with intragroup but not intergroup significance. Adverse events were not significant. Conclusions: Thirty-four patients were enrolled, analyzing the results of 30 patients. In both groups we observed improvement in endoscopy (healing and / or improvement). The score of symptoms improved in both groups, with intragroup but not intergroup significance. Adverse events were not significant.

Ménétrièr disease in a pediatric patient with particular reference to echoendoscopy, endoscopic and anatomopathological presentation and evolutionary and therapeutic aspects / Doença de Ménétrier em paciente pediátrico com destaque para apresentação eco e endoscópica, anatomopatológica e aspectos evolutivos e de conduta

ABSTRACT Ménétrier's disease (MD) is included in the group of hypertrophic gastropathy; is a rare gastric hyperplasia that affects adults and children, with different behavior between these groups. We know that its etiology is related to allergens and co-infections. It's characterized by the hypertrophy of the gastric folds, with the appearance of cerebral convolutions on Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (UGE) and, histologically, by the mucosal hypertrophy at the expense of foveolar hyperplasia and atrophy of the glands in body and fundus of the stomach. The UGE together with the gastric tissue biopsy confirms the diagnosis. What concerns us in the following case, however, is patient's long-lasting evolution, about eight years.

RESUMO Inclui-se a doença de Ménétrier (DM) no grupo das gastropatias hipertóficas, sendo uma hiperplasia gástrica rara que acomete adultos e crianças, com comportamento distinto entre esses grupos. Sabemos que sua etiologia relaciona-se com alérgenos e coinfecções. Caracteriza-se pela hipertrofia das pregas gástricas, com aspecto de circunvoluções cerebrais à endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) e, histologicamente, pelo alargamento da mucosa às custas de hiperplasia foveolar e hipotrofia das glândulas em corpo e fundo gástrico. A EDA, junto à biópsia gástrica, confirma o diagnóstico. O que nos intriga no caso a seguir é o tempo evolução arrastado da paciente, cerca de oito anos.

Severe hypoproteinemia as a harbinger of Ménétrier's disease in autoimmune pancreatitis / Hipoproteinemia grave como indicador de doença de Ménétrier na pancreatite autoimune

Summary Ménétrier's disease is an extremely rare disease of unknown etiology causing gastric mucosal hypertrophy and protein-losing gastropathy. Rare cases of this condition have been reported in patients with autoimmune diseases. However, to the best of our knowledge, Ménétrier's disease associated with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) has never been reported. We described a case of severe hypoproteinemia as a harbinger of Ménétrier's disease associated with AIP. The patient was successfully treated with octreotide and high-protein diet, which led to symptomatic remission and significant improvement in serum levels of albumin and recovery of the nutritional status. Thus, in AIP patients presenting with severe and persistent hypoproteinemia without apparent cause, clinicians need to consider Ménétrier's disease in the differential diagnosis. In this setting, endoscopic evaluation with histological examination of gastric biopsy material, including a full-thickness mucosal biopsy of involved mucosa, may be helpful in promptly establishing the diagnosis and allowing appropriate and timely therapy.

Resumo A doença de Ménétrier é uma condição extremamente rara, de etiologia desconhecida, caracterizada por hipertrofia da mucosa gástrica e gastropatia perdedora de proteína. Casos raros dessa patologia têm sido relatados em pacientes com doenças autoimunes. Até o momento, desconhecemos qualquer relato dessa doença associada à pancreatite autoimune (PAI). Descrevemos um caso de hipoproteinemia grave como indicador de doença de Ménétrier associada à PAI. O paciente foi tratado de forma satisfatória com octreotide e dieta hiperproteica, alcançando remissão sintomática, melhora significativa das concentrações de albumina e recuperação do estado nutricional. Portanto, em pacientes com PAI e hipoproteinemia grave e persistente, deve-se considerar a doença de Ménétrier como um diagnóstico diferencial. Nesses casos, a avaliação endoscópica com biópsia gástrica, incluindo biópsia de toda a espessura da mucosa, pode ser útil no estabelecimento do diagnóstico e do pronto início da terapêutica.

Pathogenesis of portal hypertensive gastropathy in cirrhotic patients and the application of antacids in treatment / 临床肝胆病杂志

Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) has a high incidence rate in cirrhotic patients,leading to a high risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Gastric mucosal injury is the major pathological change of PHG.There are few studies focusing on the clinical application of antacids in the treatment of PHG in cirrhotic patients and there are still controversies over this issue.This article reviews the influencing factors for PHG,the mechanism of gastric mucosal injury,and the application of antacids.It is pointed out that during the treatment of PHG,besides the reduction in portal venous pressure,the application of antacids such as proton pump inhibitors can improve the cure rate of PHG.Prospective randomized control trials with a large sample size are needed to further demonstrate the clinical effect and safety of antacids in the treatment of PHG in cirrhotic patients.

Supervivencia del paciente cirrótico con gastropatía portal hipertensiva / Survival of the Cirrhotic Patient with Hypertensive Portal Gastropathy

Introducción: la gastropatía portal hipertensiva constituye una complicación de la hipertensión portal que ocurre en pacientes cirróticos. Objetivo: determinar la probabilidad de supervivencia en un grupo de pacientes cirróticos con gastropatía portal hipertensiva. Métodos: seguimiento longitudinal, prospectivo, para estudiar la supervivencia de 34 pacientes con cirrosis hepática atendidos en el servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Militar Central Dr. Luis Díaz Soto desde octubre de 2012 hasta octubre del 2015. Se construyeron las curvas de sobrevida total y por estratos, según clasificación de Child-Pugh-Turcotte, etiología de la cirrosis, gravedad de la gastropatía y ocurrencia de sangrado agudo durante el período de observación. Se utilizó para ello el método de Kaplan-Meier y la comparación de las curvas por el logaritmo de rangos. Resultados: se apreció una probabilidad de supervivencia global de 94,1 por ciento a los dos meses y 61,7 por ciento a los 30 meses. La media de la supervivencia para pacientes con gastropatía leve y grave fue de 29,1 y 29,7 meses, respectivamente; esta fue de 28,3 meses para casos con cirrosis por virus C y de 30,1 meses para los de otras etiologías. Hubo predominio de casos en estadios de Child A (41,2 percent) y B (47,1 percent), con una media de supervivencia de 33,5 y 30,1 meses; para los del Child C (12 por ciento) fue de 12 meses; (p= 0,05). De los pacientes, el 35,3 por ciento de los casos sangraron, con una media de supervivencia de 25,5 meses inferior respecto a los que no sangraron (p= 0,35). Conclusiones: la presencia de gastropatía portal hipertensiva se relaciona con una mayor probabilidad de fallecer cuando hay un mayor deterioro de la función hepática o ha ocurrido un sangrado agudo, a partir de los 30 meses de haberse realizado su diagnóstico(AU)

Introduction: Hypertensive portal gastropathy is a complication of portal hypertension that occurs in cirrhotic patients. Objective: Determine the probability of survival in a group of cirrhotic patients with hypertensive portal gastropathy. Methods: a longitudinal, prospective follow-up was conducted to study the survival of thirty four (34) patients with liver cirrhosis and they were treated at the Gastroenterology Service of Dr. Luis Díaz Soto Central Military Hospital from October 2012 to October 2015. Full-length and strata survival curves were constructed, according to Child-Pugh-Turcotte classification, as well as etiology of cirrhosis, severity of gastropathy, and occurrence of acute bleeding during the observation period. Kaplan-Meier method was used and the comparison of the curves by the logarithm of ranges. Results: A global survival probability of 94.1 was observed at two months and 61.7 percent at 30 months. The mean survival for patients with mild and severe gastropathy was 29.1 and 29.7 months, respectively; this was 28.3 months for cases with C virus cirrhosis and 30.1 months for those of other etiologies. There were predominant cases in Child A (41.2 percent) and B (47.1 percent), with an average survival of 33.5 and 30.1 months; For Child C (12 percent) was 12 months; (P = 0.05). 35.3 percent of the cases bled, with an average survival of 25.5 months lower than those who did not bleed (p = 0.35). Conclusions: The presence of hypertensive portal gastropathy is associated with a greater probability of dying when there is a greater deterioration of the liver function or acute bleeding has occurred, as of 30 months after having been diagnosed(AU)