Protection of Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems (GCPVS)

ABSTRACT Installations of photovoltaic systems connected or not to the electrical network have become increasingly popular, but it is often carried out by unqualified people using low quality components. The present study aims to describe the methodology adopted for the protection of grid connected photovoltaic systems (GCPVS) and the implications caused by their lack. Photovoltaic modules are typically installed in galvanized, painted, stainless aluminum or steel structures, which must be connected to a common ground, as these structures and any other components of the system could be energized by the photovoltaic array and may cause serious injuries or even death during routine maintenance, these fatalities can still result in ramifications for the entire industry, with millions of dollars in liability (for death or injury), negative publicity for GCPVS, and increased complications in obtaining licenses. Also, its components must be of good quality and the systems of protection must be well dimensioned and correctly installed, in order to avoid fire and electric damages, with reduction of possible damages in cases of short circuits.

Analysis on hospital medical equipment electrical safety testing / 中国医学装备

Objective:To study the electrical safety of multi-parameter monitor and defibrillation monitor, and guarantee the safe and effective operation by through the medical equipment electrical safety performance in our hospital.Methods: To test 101 different models of multi-parameter monitor and defibrillation monitor electrical safety.Results: The one-time pass rate of 96%, and the two-time rate was 98%, also one multi-parameter monitor and defibrillation monitor hadn’t meet electrical safety performance after repairing.Conclusion: The equipments that don’t meet electrical safety performance prohibit using for clinical purposes; To ensure the safety of medical equipment and life safety of medical workers and patients by through developing the testing of the medical equipment electrical safety performance in our hospital.

Design of electromagnetic compatibility in shelter hospital system / 医疗卫生装备

To explore the electromagnetic compatibility in the shelter hospital system to adapt it to the future complex electromagnetic environment. The factors for electromagnetic interference were analyzed, and some measures were put forward including separating the interference source from the sensitive device, setting up shielding space, applying grounding measures, eliminating interference signals by filtering and etc. The electromagnetic compatibility in the shelter hospital system was detected through electromagnetic self-compatibility test and electromagnetic environ-mental suitability test for external radio frequency. Simulations and tests proved that the failures and mal-re-sponse due to electromagnetic interference were avoided in the shelter hospital system. The electromagnetic compatibility scheme can meet the requirements of emergency medical facilities for electromagnetic protection in field conditions.

Comparison of two protein preparation methods by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis / 军事医学

Objective To compare the separation effects of protein samples extracted by two different methods with two -dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) .Methods Ultrasonic disruption and glass-beads grounding were used to prepare protein samples of Gram-negative bacteria , Gram-positive bacteria and animal tissues .The actual results of the two sample preparation methods were compared by 2-DE.Results The 2-DE maps of samples extracted by the two methods were obtained.Conclusion The 2-DE maps of glass-beads grounding samples are better than those of ultrasonic disruption thanks to their lower backgrounds , which are beneficial for further image analyses .

Restoration and monitoring of a vessel grounding on a shallow reef in the Florida Keys

This paper summarizes the results of a monitoring event designed to track the recovery of a repaired coral reef injured by the M/V Alec Owen Maitland vessel grounding incident of October 25, 1989. This grounding occurred within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Pursuant to the National Marine Sanctuaries Act, NOAA recovers money for injury to Sanctuary resources, and uses it to restore those resources. A monitoring program tracks patterns of recovery, in order to determine the success of restoration measures. To evaluate success, reference habitats adjacent to the restoration site are concurrently monitored to compare the condition of restored areas with natural areas. Restoration of this site was completed in September 1995 by means of cement and limestone rock, and the monitoring results from summer 2007 are presented. Monitoring consisted of omparison of the biological conditions in the restored area with the reference area. Monitored corals are divided into the Orders: Gorgonians, Milleporans, and Scleractinians. Densities at the restored and reference areas are compared, and are shown to be greater in the restored. Size-class frequency distributions for the most abundant Scleractinians are examined, and reveal that the restoration is converging on the reference area. Also, for the Scleractinians, number and percentage of colonies by species, as well as several common biodiversity indices are provided; measures for the restored area approximate the reference area. A quantitative comparison of colony substrate settlement preference in the restored area is provided for all Orders, and for Scleractinians is further broken down for the two most frequent Genera. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (Suppl. 3): 151-161. Epub 2010 October 01.

Este artículo sintetiza los resultados del seguimiento diseñado para medir la recuperación de un arrecife restaurado que fue impactado por el encallamiento del M/V Alec Owen Maitland el 25 de octubre de 1989. Este encallamiento ocurrió en el área que comprende el Santuario Marino Nacional de los Cayos de Florida. De acuerdo con la Ley de los Santuarios Marinos Nacionales, la NOAA cobra dinero por daños a los recursos del Santuario y los usa para restaurar dichos recursos. Un programa de seguimiento o monitoreo mide los patrones de recuperación para determinar el éxito de las medidas de restauración. Para evaluar el éxito, hábitats de referencia adyacentes al sitio de restauración son examinados para comparar las condiciones de las áreas restauradas con las naturales. La restauración de este lugar se completó en septiembre de 1995 utilizando roca de cemento y caliza y los resultados del seguimiento desde el verano del 2007 son presentados. Se compararon las condiciones biológicas entre el área restaurada y la de referencia. Los corales evaluados se dividieron en tres Órdenes: Gorgonios, Milleporinos y Escleractinios. Se compararon las densidades en las áreas de restauración y de referencia, siendo la densidad más grande en las áreas restauradas. Se examinaron las distribuciones de frecuencia de tamaño y clase para los Escleractinios más abundantes, lo que mostró que las áreas restauradas están convergiendo con las de referencia. Para los Escleractinios, también se presentan números y porcentajes de colonias por especie al igual que varios índices comunes de biodiversidad. Las medidas para el área restaurada se aproximan al área de referencia. Una comparación cuantitativa del sustrato preferido para el asentamiento de las colonias en el área de restauración se presenta para todos los Órdenes; para el caso de Escleractinios se presenta más detalle de los dos géneros más frecuentes.

Lightning Protection Measures on Hospital Computer Network / 医疗卫生装备

The lightning protection of internet is an important security system element in hospital. In order to build lightning protection system in our network center, the author analyzes ways the thunder and lightning destroy computer network equipment systems, introduces lightning protection measures in detail and further elaborates the grounding system in the engine room and the construction work in our network center.

The Results of Aeromedical Consultation, ROKAF: 1991-2000

BACKGROUND: This study is aimed to analyze the results of aeromedical consultation of ROKAF for recent 10 years. METHODS: We reviewed the records of all ROKAF rated personnel who developed a medical problem requiring aeromedical consultation during the period from 1991 to 2000. RESULTS: We collected 263 cases. The most frequent clinical categories were ENT and musculoskeletal problems. In the group of fighter pilots, 30 cases were classified into permanent grounding. Chronic hepatitis and Herniated disc were the main causes. In the group of undergraduate pilots, aerotitis media by high altitude flight and airsickness by high performance flight, were the main causes. CONCLUSION: According to this study, we need to reinforce the supervision about the revealed major causes.