O hormônio antimulleriano e a reserva ovariana: uma revisão integrativa da literatura / The anti-mullerian hormone and the ovarian reserve: an integrative literature review

O hormônio antimulleriano é secretado pelas células da granulosa dos folículos que estão em desenvolvimento no ovário. Por meio da sua dosagem, é possível avaliar a reserva ovariana. A mulher tem seu número máximo de oócitos no perío- do fetal, mas, conforme o tempo passa, existe uma queda do número de células germinativas. Desse modo, para mulheres que têm o desejo de engravidar, a dosa- gem de hormônios e a avaliação da reserva ovariana podem ajudar no processo. O objetivo do estudo foi encontrar evidências na literatura que comprovem que o hormônio antimulleriano é o melhor marcador da reserva ovariana. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, classificada como qualitativa; a busca de da- dos foi realizada no PubMed, utilizando a seguinte palavra-chave: "hormônio anti- mulleriano (HAM)". Foram encontrados oito artigos que abordavam diretamente o tema, e há evidências que corroboram a hipótese de que o hormônio antimulleria- no é um bom marcador da reserva ovariana, sendo necessários mais estudos para determinar a sua superioridade.

The anti-mullerian hormone is secreted by the granulosa cells of follicles that are developing in the ovary. Though its dosage is possible to evaluate the ovarian re- serve. Women have their maximum number of oocytes in the fetal period, but there is a decrease in the number of germinative cells as time goes by. Thus, women that desire to get pregnant can have hormones dosed and the ovarian reserve evalua- ted to help them with this process. The objective of this study was to find evidence in the literature that proves that the anti-mullerian hormone is the best marker of ovarian reserve. For this purpose, an integrative review was conducted, using the key word: "anti-mullerian hormone (AMH)". Eight articles were found on the subject and there is evidence that proves the hypothesis of the anti-mullerian hormone as a good marker, however more studies are needed to determine its superiority.

Centenario de la radiodifusión en el Uruguay (1922 ­ 2022): médicos en su inicio / Centenary of radio broadcasting in Uruguay (1922 - 2022): doctors at the beginning / Centenário da radiodifusão no Uruguai (1922 - 2022): médicos em seu início

En 2022 se cumplen 100 años del comienzo formal de la radiodifusión en el Uruguay. Varios médicos estuvieron vinculados y desempeñaron un rol dominante en su inicio y en las actividades culturales desarrolladas a partir de la instalación de las radioemisoras.

The year 2022 marks the 100th anniversary of the formal beginning of radio broadcasting in Uruguay. Several physicians were linked to and played a dominant role in its beginning and in the cultural activities developed since the installation of radio stations.

2022 marca o 100º aniversário do início formal das transmissões de rádio no Uruguai. Vários médicos estiveram envolvidos e desempenharam um papel dominante em seu início e nas atividades culturais desenvolvidas desde a instalação das estações de rádio.

Impairment of C ognition in patients of B ipolar disorder in E uthymia in Indian population

Background: Bipolar disorder is one of the common mental disorders(CMD) in India. It leads to significant cognitive deficit even during the period of euthymia. So, it is important to identify the various cognitive deficits in euthymic bipolar disorder patients in Indian population. Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 2 years in AIIMS Jodhpur, Rajasthan. 30 cases and 30 controls were selected. Cases were selected by administering Hamilton dep ression rating scale (HAM - D) and Young mania rating scale (YMRS) to the bipolar disorder patient, recruited from Psychiatry OPD, to select the patients who were in euthymia. Cognitive domains such as attention, memory, fluency, language and Visuospatial we re tested in both the groups and compared. Kruskal - Wallis test was employed to compare the 2 sample groups for different variables. In this study we wanted to observe the decline in cognitive function in healthy vs euthymic bipolar disorder patients and to know the various domains of cognition that are affected. Results: This study shows a presence of cognitive decline in euthymic bipolar disorder patients as compared to controls. A significant difference was found in all the cognitive domains namely atte ntion, memory, fluency, language and visuospatial between cases and controls. Conclusion: This study shows a positive correlation between cognitive decline and bipolar patients during the period of euthymia. This suggests that even though the bipolar disor der patient is in remission, there is still a residual effect on cognition during euthymic state which can eventually affect the day to day life and can hamper the quality of life.

Impacto da acessibilidade na adesão ao tratamento fisioterapêutico de pessoas convivendo com paraparesia espástica tropical: estudo qualitativo / Impact of accessibility on adherence to physiotherapeutic treatment of people living with tropical spastic paraparesy: qualitative study

INTRODUÇÃO: A Paraparesia Espástica Tropical / Mielopatia Associada ao HTLV-1 (HAM/TSP) apresenta alterações crônico-degenerativas que comprometem os indivíduos nas atividades diárias, principalmente aquelas ligadas à locomoção. A acessibilidade é um parâmetro importante para a adesão à fisioterapia nestas pessoas. OBJETIVO: investigar o impacto da acessibilidade na adesão ao tratamento fisioterapêutico em pessoas infectadas pelo HTLV-1, com HAM/TSP. MÉTODO: estudo com abordagem qualitativa, com 38 participantes, maiores de 18 anos, com diagnóstico confirmado de HAM/TSP. Excluídos aqueles com dificuldade de compreensão dos questionamentos ou de comunicação. Para a coleta das informações, foram realizados 11 grupos focais e 12 entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os depoimentos foram gravados e depois transcritos. As informações foram sistematizadas pela análise do conteúdo temática-Categorial. RESULTADOS: Após as análises dos grupos focais e entrevistas, emergiram as seguintes categorias: dificuldade de acesso, dependência externa (climática/de acompanhante), dependência financeira e dependência de consultas médicas. CONCLUSÃO: A precariedade da infraestrutura e acessibilidade na cidade de Salvador, além da condição econômica, mudanças climáticas e dificuldades ao acesso do Sistema Único de Saúde, impactam diretamente na adesão ao tratamento fisioterapêutico. O não comparecimento à fisioterapia pode afetar a evolução do tratamento e a saúde dessa população.

| INTRODUCTION: Tropical Spastic Paraparesis / Myelopathy Associated with HTLV-1 (HAM / TSP) presents chronic degenerative changes that compromise individuals in their daily activities, especially those related to locomotion. Accessibility is an important means of adhering to physical therapy for all these people. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of accessibility on adherence to physical therapy treatment in people infected with HTLV-1 with HAM / TSP. METHOD: a study with a qualitative approach, with 38 participants, over 18 years old, with a confirmed diagnosis of HAM / TSP. Those with difficulty understanding the questionnaires or communicating were excluded. For the collection of information, 11 focus groups and 12 semi-structured changes were performed. The researcher herself recorded and then transcribed the statements. The analysis of thematic-Categorial content systematized the information. RESULTS: After analyzing the focus groups and related, the following categories emerged: access difficulty, external dependence (climatic/accompanying), financial dependence, and dependence on medical appointments. CONCLUSION: The precariousness of infrastructure and accessibility in the city of Salvador, in addition to the economic condition, climate change, and difficulties in accessing the Unified Health System, directly impact adherence to physical therapy treatment. Failure to attend physical therapy can affect the evolution of treatment and the health of this population.

Co-expression of HBZ, TAX and FOXp3 and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis development in HTLV-1-infected individuals: A systematic review

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with the development of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). It has been reported that the HTLV-1 proteins (specifically TAX and HBZ) can modulate FOXp3, resulting in an immune imbalance that can favor the progression of HAM/TSP. This review aims to summarize the literature in order to clarify the relationship between the expression of HTLV-1 mRNAs and/or viral proteins (TAX and HBZ) with the expression of mRNA and/or protein FOXp3 and their correlation with HAM/TSP development. This systematic review was conducted according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. The search strategy was performed on the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences Platform using subject descriptors. After screening, six articles were included in this review. The studies suggested that TAX and HBZ have a directly proportional correlation with FOXp3 in individuals with HAM/TSP, which also presented an increased expression of FOXp3 compared to asymptomatic controls and/or healthy donors. This systematic review indicates that TAX and HBZ can interact with FOXp3 and that interaction may influence HAM/TSP development.

Effect Of Paroxetine In Anxiety Disorder Among School Dropout Teenager In South Indian Population

Objective: Anxiety disorders are the most common group of psychiatric illnesses in children. This study is to observe the effectiveness of Paroxetine in anxiety disorder among teenagers in South India population using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and to screen the possible risk for paroxetine in anxiety disorder among teenagers. Methods: This study is a prospective observational study that was conducted for a period of 6 mo. Of 84 teenage patients with anxiety disorder assessed using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) were followed-up in an outpatient psychiatric ward. Study population includes both sexes, age group between 13 to 19 y, Teenage patient receiving paroxetine for anxiety disorder were included and patients unwilling to give written informed consent or assent form were excluded. Results: Out of 84 patients the prevalence of symptoms before the drug treatment, 65 patients were falling in very severe category, which was assessed by HAM-A scale. Then reassessed with drug Paroxetine at week 4 and week 8. There was a drastic reduction in the prevalence of symptoms in week 8 than compared to week 4. A significant reduction in body weight was also observed during the study period. Among various side effects, nausea was the prominent risk found during the study. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that paroxetine is effective and well-tolerated for the treatment of various types of anxiety disorder in teenagers with few side effects.

Impact of fractures and orthopedic surgeries in patients with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis

Abstract INTRODUCTION In patients with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) gait disturbance is a predominant feature that leads to falls and fractures, which can further aggravate disability. We sought to evaluate the impact of fractures and orthopedic surgeries in patients with HAM/TSP. METHODS: We retrieved the medical records of HAM/TSP patients enrolled in our study center's HTLV-1 clinical cohort between 1989-2018. The selection criteria included: (1) diagnosis of HTLV-1 infection using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and/or a confirmatory test, (2) clinical diagnosis of HAM/TSP by neurological assessment, and (3) fractures associated with HAM/TSP. RESULTS: We identified 24 cases of fractures, 70% of which were females. The median age at the time of fracture was 60 years (IQR=24). Six cases reported fractures in patients under 45 years old. Ten patients (42%) had hip/coccyx fractures, seven (29%) were in the lower extremities, and four (17%) in the upper extremities. Half of these patients reported the use of wheelchairs. Five patients who had previously used canes required the use of wheelchairs after the reported fracture. Eight patients underwent corrective orthopedic surgery as a result of the fracture. CONCLUSIONS: For HAM/TSP patients, fractures are a complication that can exacerbate their severe impairment.

Chegadas e partidas: o estádio como elemento memorial para os torcedores do San Lorenzo E West Ham / Arrivals and departures: the stadium as a memorial element for the fansof San Lorenzo and West Ham

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar, comparativamente, relações de territorialidade construídas em torno dos estádios San Lorenzo (Buenos Aires) e West Ham (Londres), consideradas sob perspectiva histórica. Embora tenham se constituído como equipamentos materiais e simbólicos, nos quais gerações vivenciaram experiências e estabeleceram redes de sociabilidade, recentemente passaram por mudanças significativas: o projeto de retorno do San Lorenzo ao Viejo Gasómetro, ativando a memória da ditadura argentina e a partida do West Ham para o Estádio Olímpico, após mais de 100 anos no Upton Park. Neste sentido, pretende-se, através de análise das narrativas memoriais produzidas na mídia escrita, analisar a maneira pela qual os agentes acionam o elemento memorial para referir-se aos estádios como monumentos afetivos e marcas territoriais.

This work has for objective to analyze comparatively territoriality relationships built around the stadiums of San Lorenzo (Buenos Aires) and West Ham (London) considered under historical perspective. Although they have been constituted as material and symbolic equipment, where generations have gone through experiences and established social networks, they recently went through significant changes: the project of return of the San Lorenzo to the Viejo Gasómetro, activating the memory of the Argentine dictatorship and the departure of the West Ham to the Olympic Stadium after more than 100 years at Upton Park. In this sense, it is intended, through analysis of the narratives memorials produced in written media, analyze the way in which the agents trigger the memorial element to refer to the stadiums as affective monuments and territorial markings.

Prevalence of depression and quality of life in polycystic ovary syndrome patients at a tertiary care hospital: a cross-sectional study

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathy among women of reproductive age. Physical symptoms in PCOS cause depression and decrease the Quality of Life (QoL). The objective was to study the prevalence of depression in women suffering from PCOS and to assess its correlation with QoL.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among one hundred patients diagnosed with PCOS. Women 18-40 years of age diagnosed with PCOS were included in the study. Patients with known psychiatric illness were excluded. Depression severity was assessed with Hamilton depression (HAM-D) scale. The quality of life (QoL) was assessed with Polycystic ovary syndrome questionnaire (PCOSQ). The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 for Windows.Results: The mean age and BMI was 25.64±3.25 years and 26.78±2.72 kg/m2 respectively. The mean depression score was 12.46±6.18. QoL domains showed that the lowest score was in the menstrual problem with a mean of 12.48±4.44 and the highest was in the emotional domain with a mean of 28.07±11.17. The negative correlations were between age and Hamilton score (p < 0.05). The Hamilton score was negatively correlated with the emotional score (p <0.01) and weight score was positively correlated with infertility score (p <0.01).Conclusions: PCOS was clearly associated with depression and reduced QoL. This should warrant health professionals to consider routine screening for depression and assess the impact of symptoms on their QoL to improve patient outcomes.

Study on effective sites of anti-gonococcus in Polygonum capitatum extract / 中草药

Objective To analyze the components of active anti-gonococcal fractions in the extracts of Polygonum capitatum. Methods Drug sensitive paper method and Neisseria gonorrhoeae culture method were used to detect the antibacterial activity of different parts of the flower bud extract against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. UPLC-TOF-MS was used to identify the effective parts of the flower bud extract with anti-gonococcal effect. Results As a result, in the eluate obtained by extracting with a specific macroporous resin, the hydrolysable tannin was contained in the methanol (35%) eluate (fraction F3), such as trigallocyl glucose. This fraction had a good anti-gonococcal effect. The fractions of F2 and F4-6 had a weak antibacterial effect, while other fractions have no antibacterial effect. Conclusion This study provides a basis for the use of trigalactosyl glucose in the preparation of anti-gonococcal drugs, and lays a foundation for the development of a clinical drug of P. capitatum extracts against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Sequence analysis and SSR marker mining of a peroxidase gene in Senecio scandens / 中草药

Objective: To study the relationship between the sequence structure and function of a peroxidase gene (POD) and mine and confirm SSR locus of this gene in Senecio scandens. Methods: A POD gene was obtained from full-length cDNA library of S. scandens. Then a series of online bioinformatics tools were used to analyze nucleic acid sequence and amino acid structure of this gene. According to its nucleotide sequence, one SSR locus was searched and a pair of primers were designed. The PAGE electrophoresis confirmed that this primer pair had polymorphism among several landraces. Results: The target gene had the structural characteristics of typical PODs. It showed a high conservation in functional domains. PAGE electrophoresis showed that the primer could be stably amplified in different landraces with obvious polymorphisms. Conclusion: The results expanded the understanding of the function and sequence of a POD in S. scandens. The newly developed marker could be effectively applied to the detection of POD gene and breeding projects, and it also provided reference for POD researches of other species.

Selection of quality markers of Jasminum amplexicaule based on its anti-diarrheal and anti-inflammatory activities: Effect-target affiliation-traceability-pharmacokinetics strategy / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To investigate therapeutic mechanism in Jasminum amplexicaule (Oleaceae) and verify its main active component as quality control markers Methods: Established mouse models of diarrhea, intestinal angina, and inflammation were firstly used to select herb fractions with optimum efficacy, followed by an in vitro experiment to determine key targets associated with effects of J. amplexicaule extract. The selected fractions were isolated and purified, its components were identified, and the obtained compounds were verified for their effects on NF-κB and iNOS. Finally, effective compounds were administered to rats, their plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated, and quality markers (QMs) reflecting therapeutic activities of J. amplexicaule were confirmed. Results: Trichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions had significant anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. The trichloromethane fraction also reduced BDNF, p38 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, NF-κB p65, and p-NF-κB p65 levels in the ileum in a rhubarb-induced diarrhea mouse model. Additionally, it inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB transcription and nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages, which suppressed iNOS expression. Therefore, the trichloromethane fraction was further investigated. QMs candidate selection identified 17 compounds, and results of in-vitro therapeutic validation indicated that methyl caffeate and isochlorogenic acid B had the strongest anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. After being validated by a UHPLC–MS-MS method, concentrations of these target compounds were accurately determined in the rat plasma and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Cmax, tmax, and t1/2 were respectively 575.35 ng/mL (2.963 nmol/mL), 0.5 h, and 0.45 h for methyl caffeate and 262.03 ng/mL (0.5034 nmol/mL), 0.25 h, and 2.03 h for isochlorogenic acid B. Because these candidate compounds exhibited favorable pharmacokinetics, they were considered as QMs of J. amplexicaule. Conclusions: The present study accurately and effectively identified QMs of J. amplexicaule that act as indicators of efficacy and quality.

Development of a Predictive Model and Risk Assessment for the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in Ham Rice Balls Mixed with Different Sauces

This study compared the predictive models for the growth kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus in ham rice balls. In addition, a semi-quantitative risk assessment of S. aureus on ham rice balls was conducted using FDA-iRISK 4.0. The rice was rounded with chopped ham, which was mixed with mayonnaise (SHM), soy sauce (SHS), or gochujang (SHG), and was contaminated artificially with approximately 2.5 log CFU·g⁻¹ of S. aureus. The inoculated rice balls were then stored at 7℃, 15℃, and 25℃, and the number of viable S. aureus was counted. The lag phases duration (LPD) and maximum specific growth rate (SGR) were calculated using a Baranyi model as a primary model. The growth parameters were analyzed using the polynomial equation as a function of temperature. The LPD values of S. aureus decreased with increasing temperature in SHS and SHG. On the other hand, those in SHM did not show any trend with increasing temperature. The SGR positively correlated with temperature. Equations for LPD and SGR were developed and validated using R² values, which ranged from 0.9929 to 0.9999. In addition, the total DALYs (disability adjusted life years) per year in the ham rice balls with soy sauce and gochujang was greater than mayonnaise. These results could be used to calculate the expected number of illnesses, and set the hazard management method taking the DALY value for public health into account.

Influence of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on the muscle tonus and amplitude of movement in HTLV-1-infected patients with HAM/TSP

Abstract An HTLV-1-infected patient can develop paraparesis that limits their movements. Rehabilitation techniques could improve the motor abilities of these patients. The present study investigates five cases of physical therapy intervention in HTLV-1 patients to evaluate the influence of functional rehabilitation on the tonus and range of motion (ROM) of HTLV-1 patients with spasticity. The patients had a gain of ROM, especially in the lower limb, and reduction in hypertonia/spasticity after functional treatment. The reduction in hypertonia increased the ROM. Thus, functional methods may be valuable for the rehabilitation of HTLV-1 patients with neurological damage.

Re-emergence of human T-lymphotropic viruses in West Africa

ABSTRACT Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) are Deltaretroviruses that infect millions of individuals worldwide via the same transmission routes as HIV. With the aim of exposing the possible re-emergence of HTLV in West Africa since discovery, a systematic review was carried out, focusing on the distribution of the virus types and significance of frequent indeterminate reports, while highlighting the need for mandatory routine blood screening. Capturing relevant data from discovery till date, sources searched were Google Scholar, CrossRef, NCBI (PubMed), MEDLINE, Research Gate, Mendeley, abstracts of Conferences and Proceedings, organization websites and reference lists of selected papers. A total of 2626 references were initially retrieved using search terms: Worldwide prevalence of HTLV, HTLV in Africa, HTLV in West Africa, HTLV subtypes, HTLV 3 and 4 in Africa, HTLV of African origin, HTLV seroindeterminate results, Spread of HTLV. These references were rigorously trimmed down to 76. Although evidence shows that HTLV is still endemic in the region, West Africa lacks recent epidemiological prevalence data. Thorough investigations are needed to ascertain the true cause of indeterminate Western Blot results. It is imperative that routine screening for HTLVs be mandated in West African health care facilities.

The relationship between atopy and neurological manifestations in HTLV-1 infection

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)induces exaggerated Th1 responses, whereas atopy is associated with exacerbated Th2 responses. METHODS: Here, a cross-sectional study compared the prevalence of atopy in HTLV-1 carriers and HAM/TSP patients. It also compared the spontaneous cytokine production in HTLV-1-infected individuals. A retrospective cohort study evaluated the development of neurological manifestations in atopic and non-atopic carriers. RESULTS: Atopic HAM/TSP patients with high IFN-γ production exhibited higher IL-5 levels than non-atopic patients. Allergic rhinitis accelerated the development of Babinski signals and overactive bladders. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal Th1 and Th2 responses coexist in HTLV-1-infected individuals and allergic diseases may worsen the clinical course of HTLV-1 infections.

Chemical constituents from Isodon coetsa distributed in Guizhou / 中草药

Objective: To investigate chemical constituents from Isodon coetsa distributed in Guizhou. Methods: Chemical constituents were isolated and purified by chromatography with silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC, and their structures were identified by analysis of spectroscopic evidences and physicochemical properties as well as relevant references. Results: A total of 19 compounds were isolated from plant material extracted with 95% aqueous methanol, which were elucidated as β-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), β-daucosterol (3), methyl linolenat (4), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid-2-hydroxy-1,3-propanedinyl ester (5), ursolic acid (6), oleanoic acid (7), 3β-hydroxy-urs-20-en-28-oic acid (8), betulinic acid (9), kurarinone (10), maslinic acid (11), 2α-hydroxy ursolic acid (12), 2α,3α-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (13), 2α,3α,24-trihydrxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (14), 2α,3β,24- trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (15), formononetin (16), emodin (17), uracil (18), and sucrose (19). Conclusion: Compounds 2, 4, 5, 9, 11, 13-19 are isolated from this plant for first time, and compounds 11, 17, 19 are isolated from the genus of Isodon for the first time.

Spectrum-effect relationship of anti-inflammatory effect of different part from Polygonum capitatum / 中草药

Objective To study the spectrum effect relationship between the water and ethanol extracts of Polygonum capitatum and its anti-inflammatory activity. Methods The inflammatory model of mice RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was established, and the release of inflammatory factors was detected by NO and TNF-α kit. The relationship of chemical constituents of P. capitatum was established by using the partial least square method to associate the fingerprint data established by UPLC-MS method and the pharmacodynamics index of different extracts of P. capitatum. Results Different extracts of P. capitatum had no cytotoxicity in the range of concentration less than 250 mg/L, and all of them had anti-inflammatory effect, which had a dose-effect relationship. By using partial least square method, the correlation degree between TNF-α and chromatographic peak was compared. The results showed that the correlation among the peaks 24, 17, 22, 23, 20 and the anti-inflammatory effect was positive, and the anti-inflammatory effect was negatively correlated with the peaks 11, 1, 7, 15, 5, 3. From the analysis of the five peaks, the results showed that all the four peaks were flavonoids except for the tannic acid at peak 17. Conclusion Different extracts of P. capitatum inhibited the inflammatory response of RAW264.7 cells. The flavonoids in P. capitatum had significant anti-inflammatory activity. The results showed that quercetin, tannic acid, and hyperoside had great contribution to the anti-inflammatory effect of P. capitatum.

Modelo de predicción probabilística de deterioro en jamón de cerdo cocido / Probabilistic prediction model of deterioration of pork cooked ham

Antecedentes: el deterioro del jamón cocido es un proceso complejo que puede manifestarse por alteraciones de tipo microbiológico, fisicoquímico y sensorial, que hasta hoy han sido determinadas por metodologías tradicionales que incluyen largos periodos de seguimiento y un número importante de muestras. Objetivos: en el presente estudio se propuso un modelo para la predicción probabilística del deterioro de jamón cocido, por medio de análisis de componentes principales (ACP) y regresión logística con aproximación bayesiana. Métodos: para realizar el análisis, se evaluaron muestras provenientes de 300 lotes independientes de jamón de cerdo cocido, los cuales se conservaron en cámaras de almacenamiento a temperaturas de 12±1°C. Se determinaron experimentalmente tres tipos de variables: fisicoquímicas (pH, sinéresis, nitritos residuales, porcentaje de ácido láctico), de textura (adhesividad, dureza, trabajo de punción y firmeza instrumental) y microbiológicas (mesófilos aerobios y bacterias acidolácticas) en dos tiempos de medición: 3 y 40 días. Para realizar la creación del modelo se seleccionaron aleatoriamente el 60% de los datos y para la validación el 40% restante. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados con el paquete estadístico R Core Team 2012. Resultados: los nitritos residuales y la sinéresis fueron las variables más representativas, ya que su distribución, correlación y carga, fueron las más significativas, con mayor poder discriminante del fenómeno de deterioro en los dos momentos de medición. El modelo desarrollado permitió correlacionar los parámetros estudiados y predecir la probabilidad de deterioro del jamón, además de clasificarlo de acuerdo a su estado de calidad. La primera componente principal (CP1) (variables bioquímicas) explicó el 73,3 % de la variación total de los datos, siendo los nitritos residuales y la sinéresis los factores más relacionados con el deterioro. Conclusión: el modelo logístico con aproximación bayesiana permitió obtener la probabilidad de deterioro del jamón cocido, almacenado a 12°C usando parámetros fisicoquímicos. La aplicación del ACP permitió correlacionar y clasificar los factores de deterioro del producto.

Background: the spoilage of cooked ham is a complex process that may be manifested by alterations of microbiological, physicochemical and sensory type, which has been determined by traditional methodologies including long periods of monitoring with a significant number of samples. Objective: in the present study a model for probabilistic prediction of spoilage of cooked ham was proposed by principal component analysis (PCA) and logistic regression with Bayesian approach. Methods: to perform the analysis, independent samples from 300 batches of cooked pork ham were evaluated, which were stored in cold at temperatures 12 ± 1°C. Three types of variables were experimentally determined: physicochemical (pH, syneresis, residual nitrite, lactic acid percentage), texture (adhesiveness, toughness, puncture and instrumental firmness) and microbiological (aerobic mesophilic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria) in two times: 3 and 40 days. To make this model were randomly selected 60% of the data and to validate it the remaining 40%. The obtained data were processed with statistical package R package statistical Core Team 2012. Results: residual nitrite and syneresis were the most representative variables, since its distribution, correlation and loadings were the most significant, more discriminant of the phenomenon of spoilage in the two times of measurement. The developed model allowed correlating the parameters and predicting the spoilage probability of cooked ham, and classifying them according to their quality status. The first principal component (PC1) (biochemical variables) explained 73.3 % of the total variation, the residual nitrite and syneresis were the factors that related the spoilage. Conclusions: the logistic regression model with Bayesian approach allowed obtaining the probability of deterioration of cooked ham, stored at 12°C using physicochemical parameters. Applying the PCA permited to correlate and classify the factors of spoilage.

Research advances in ham microorganisms / 生物工程学报

Microbial communities of fermented foods have provided a tool for humans to preserve and develop flavor for long history. And they can also provide opportunities to study microbial community formation because of their reproducible and easy-to-manipulate feature. Dry-cured ham is one of the traditional fermented products. Some of the compounds produced during the hydrolysis and oxidation of proteins and fats in ham processing form a distinctive flavor of ham. Many microbes are involved in this process and biochemical reactions. In this review, we describe the ham microbial communities in different regions and their role in the formation of ham quality, and prospect the future research of ham microbiology.