Phenotypic Characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patients in Healthcare Institutions in Zaria Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is a cosmopolitan and pathogenic microorganism associated with various diseases spectra and antimicrobial resistance of public health importance.Aim: This study determined the phenotypic characteristics of S. aureus isolated from patients in healthcare institutions in Zaria metropolis.STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out in 5 healthcare institutions. Four hundred and twenty clinical samples were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Majority of the patients (54.3%) were within the age range 21­40 years and mean age of 26.04 ± 12 years. Approximately, 70% of the respondents had history of antibiotic use prior to consultation in the hospitals and wereselfprescribed, and 91.2% were outpatients. The most commonly abused antibiotics were ampicillin-cloxacillin (19.5%) and cotrimoxazole (10.0%), and the mean duration of their use was 3.5 ± 1.3 days. The detection rate for S. aureus was 10% and 5.2% for MRSA. The S. aureus isolates showed the highest frequency of resistance against ampicillin 42 (100%), followed by penicillin G 39 (92.9%) and least was to gentamicin 5 (11.9%). The frequency of resistance for the MRSA were ampicillin 22 (100%), penicillin G 21(95.5%) and least was to gentamicin 2 (9.1%). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of oxacillin were greater than 128 µg /ml. CONCLUSION: The detection rate of S. aureus and MRSA strains are of great public health concern which requires continuous health education on rational use of antibiotics among others

Recruitment of apheresis platelet donors from the relatives and friends of hospital patients: the demographic analysis / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To study the recruitment of apheresis platelet donors from relatives and friends of hospital patients and explore the viability of this recruitment mode as the mutual donation was canceled. 【Methods】 The data of 1 025 successfully recruited apheresis platelet donors were selected, and the demographic characteristics in terms of blood donation times, age, gender and qualified blood donation were analyzed by SPSS.20 software. 【Results】 In the recruitment from relatives and friends of hospital patients, the donation rate of male donors(75.29%, 588/781) was higher than that of female donors(68.44%, 167/244), and higher in repeated donors (82.21%, 268/326)than that in first time donors (69.67%, 487/699), and it didn′t differ by age. The top three causes of donor deferral were WBC (4.17%, 43/1 025), ALT(3.84%, 39/1 025) and lipemic blood (3.04%, 31/1 025). The re-donation rate reached 7.8%(59/755). 【Conclusion】 Recruiting apheresis platelet donors from the relatives and friends of hospital patients, as a supplement to voluntary blood donation recruitment, is suitable for the recruitment of first time platelet donors.

Investigation and Analysis on Satisfaction Degree and Influence Factor in Grassroots Hospital Patients during New Health Care Reform / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To understand the present situation of the grass-roots hospital patient satisfaction and influence factors after the implementation of new health care reform, and to put forward the rationalization proposals of improving degree of satisfaction. Methods:Conducted a questionnaire survey to 310 Grassroots hospital patients in Shandong province, and make data statistics and analysis. Results:After the implementation of new health care reform, satisfaction degree of medical services is relatively high in the mass, but there are also some problems. Through the investigation and analysis, the factors influencing patients satisfaction mainly include medical treatment cost, The doctor's technical level, the doctor's service attitude, diagnosis and treatment effect, The cost perform-ance of paying the medical costs and getting medical service price, The situation of meeting the work -up with medical equipment. Conclusion:From the perspective of new health care reform, the ascension of hospital patient satisfaction need to improve the level of basic hospital's medical technology, improve the medical service attitude, strengthen the management and control of medical expenses, and strengthen the government's financial investment.

Percepción de violencia de usuarios hospitalizados en los servicios clínicos de un hospital público de la Región de La Araucanía - Chile / Violence perception by users hospitalized in clinical services of a public hospital in the Region of La Araucanía - Chile

La violencia como proceso global y atinente a la realidad contemporánea se ha convertido en un problema para la salud pública, no quedando ajenos a ello los contextos de salud. La presente investigación es de tipo cuantitativa-descriptiva-correlacional, de corte transversal, cuyo objetivo fue describir la percepción de violencia de los usuarios hospitalizados en los servicios de cirugía y medicina de un hospital público de la Región de La Araucanía. La muestra no probabilística estuvo conformada por un total de 510 pacientes hospitalizados, de los cuales 88 pertenecían al servicio de medicina y 422 al servicio de cirugía durante el año 2008; a quienes previo consentimiento informado se les aplicó el instrumento, que fue confeccionado y validado por las autoras. Entre los resultados se observó que frente a la pregunta percibe violencia, un 12,9 por ciento de los encuestados respondió afirmativamente. Algunas de las variables que resultaron estadísticamente significativa en los pacientes que percibieron o no violencia, fueron el número de hospitalizaciones anteriores de los usuarios, días de hospitalización actual, el haber sido violentados en la adultez; el consumo de alcohol y de tabaco. Se concluye que existe percepción de violencia a nivel hospitalario, en un espacio que debe ser de sanación, en donde las personas que acuden esperan que se les entregue una atención de calidad, con respeto, dignidad y sin violencia.

Violence as a global process affecting contemporary reality has become a public health problem, including the aspect of violence in health contexts. This quantitative research was a descriptive correlational cross - sectional study, whose aim was to describe the perception of violence by users hospitalized in surgical and medical services at a public hospital in the Region of la Araucanía. A non probabilistic sample was conformed by 510 hospitalized patients, in which 88 belonged to the medical service and 422 to surgery service during 2008; to whom previous informed consent, we applied the instrument, which was produced and validated by the authors. Among the results, it was observed that for the question about perceived violence, 12.9 percent of respondents answered affirmatively. Some of the variables that were statistically significant in patients who perceived violence or not, were the number of hospitalizations of users, current hospital days, having been abused in adulthood, alcohol and smoking. We conclude that there is perception of violence in hospitals, in a space that should be for healing , where people expect you to deliver quality care with respect, dignity and without violence.

Impact of extremely high temperature and drought on hospital patients,disease spectrum in Chongqing / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To find the disease spectrum features and variation of hospital patients during the period of extremely high temperature and drought in Chongqing.Methods:The descriptive method was adopted to analyze the disease spectrum features of hospital patients during the months of 7 to 8 in 2006 in Chongqing,and the results were compared with those in the same term in 2005 and 2007.Results:Compared with finding in the same term in 2005 and 2007,the weather of high temperature and drought in months of 7 to 8 in 2006 was much more serious.There was no statistical significant difference in constituent ratios of gender and age of hospital patients during the three years of the same periods.According to genealogical classification,the constituent ratio of disease of respiratory system was in the first place all the time,while constituent ratios of disease of digestive system,infection disease and parasitic disease in 2006 were higher than those in other two years.According to disease types ranking in order,the constituent ratios of disease of acute upper respiratory infection,acute bronchitis,acute gastroenteritis,disease of appendix and enteric infection in 2006 were higher than those in other two years.Conclusion:The impacts of weather of extremely high temperature and drought on disease of digestive system,infection disease and parasitic disease were obvious,while acute upper respiratory infection,cute bronchitis,acute gastroenteritis,disease of appendix and enteric infection were influenced more.