Diversidade sexual e estigmas sociais no SUS à comunidade LGBTQI+: um olhar a partir da Zona Norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro/RJ / Sexual diversity and social stigmas in the SUS for the LGBTQI+ community: an observation from the North Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro/RJ

This research sought to unravel the social representations that accompany the population of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transsexuals, transgenders, transvestites, queer, intersex and more (LGBTQI+) in the hospital environment. The general objective was to understand the relationship established in the care of the LGBTQI+ population in the hospital environment by SUS professionals. To reach the general objective, three specific objectives were categorized: to analyze the perception of health professionals about sexual and gender diversity; identify possible discriminatory actions that generate violations of health care rights of the LGBTQI+ population in the hospital environment; and, finally, to investigate whether the professional has full knowledge of the fundamental steps to support the formation of gender and sexuality identity, in order to humanize hospital treatment. The methodological procedures included semi-structured interviews and field observation in a suburban hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ and, in the methodological analysis, it was based on the sociointeractionist perspective of Erving Goffman and the theoretical-conceptual debate based on the concept of stigma. by the same author. It was concluded that the LGBTQI+ population suffers prejudice in the hospital environment, given the lack of training of health professionals and social prejudice of these same professionals

Esta pesquisa buscou desvendar as representações sociais que acompanham a população de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, transexuais, transgêneros, travestis, queer, intersexo e mais (LGBTQI+) no ambiente hospitalar. O objetivo geral foi compreender a relação que se estabelece no atendimento à população LGBTQI+ no ambiente hospitalar pelos profissionais do SUS. ara alcançar o objetivo geral, foram categorizados três objetivos específicos: analisar a percepção dos profissionais de saúde sobre a diversidade sexual e de gênero; identificar possíveis ações discriminatórias que geram violações de direitos de assistência à saúde da população LGBTQI+ no ambiente hospitalar; e, por último, investigar se o profissional possui pleno conhecimento das etapas fundamentais para dar suporte à formação de identidade de gênero e sexualidade, no intuito de humanizar o tratamento hospitalar. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluíram entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação de campo em um Hospital do subúrbio na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ e, na análise metodológica, partiu-se da perspectiva sociointeracionista de Erving Goffman e do debate teórico-conceitual a partir do conceito de estigma do mesmo autor. Concluiu-se que a população LGBTQI+ sofre preconceito no ambiente hospitalar, dada a falta de capacitação dos profissionais da área da saúde e preconceito social desses mesmos profissionais

Reorganizing Hospital Space: The 1894 Plague Edpidemic in Hong Kong and the Germ Theory / 의사학

This paper examined whether the preventive measures taken by the Hong Kong's colonial authorities were legitimate during the 1894 Hong Kong plague epidemic, and illuminated the correlation between the plague epidemic and hospital space in Hong Kong in the late 19th century. The quarantine measures taken by the colonial authorities were neither a clear-cut victory for Western medicine nor for a rational quarantine based on scientific medical knowledge. Hong Kong's medical officials based on the miasma theory, and focused only on house-to-house inspections and forced quarantine or isolation, without encouraging people to wear masks and without conducting disinfection. Even after Hong Kong plague spread, the Hong Kong's colonial authorities were not interested in what plague bacilli were, but in where they were to be found and how to prevent and control an outbreak of the disease. The germ theory brought significant changes to the disease classification system. Until the 1890s, Hong Kong's colonial authority had classified cause of death mainly on the basis of symptoms, infectious diseases, parts of the body and diseases of systems. Microbiological analysis of the cause of death in Hong Kong was started by Hunter, a bacteriologist, in 1902. He used bacteriological tests with a microscope to analyze the cause of death. New disease recognition and medical recognition brought large changes to hospital space as well. In particular, from the 1880s to the early 1900s, Western medical circles witnessed shifts from miasma theory to the germ theory, thereby influencing Hong Kong's hospital spaces. As the germ theory took ground in Hong Kong in 1894, the bacteriological laboratory and isolation ward became inevitable facilities, and hospital space were reorganized accordingly. However, the colonial authorities and local elites' strategy was different. As a government bacteriologist, Hunter established a central facility to unify several laboratories and to manage urban space from ouside the hospital. On the contrary, the Tungwah Hospital tried to transform hospital space with isolation ward and Receiving Ward System as the eclectic form of Chinese and Western medicine. The 1894 Hong Kong plague promoted the introduction of germ theory and the reorganization of hospital space.

O poder disciplinar da enfermagem no espaço hospitalar: uma aproximação com o pensamento de Foucault / The disciplinary power of nursing in the hospital space: a convergence towards Foucault's ideas / El poder disciplinario de la enfermería en el espacio hospitalario: una aproximación con el pensamiento de Foucault

Este estudo apresenta algumas reflexões de como o poder disciplinar, à luz de Foucault, tem sido exercido sobre os membros da equipe de enfermagem que atuam no espaço hospitalar, permitindo a partir daí, conhecer, refletir e, buscar uma nova forma de realizar mudanças no âmbito da enfermagem.

A few considerations are developed on how the disciplinary power, from Foucaut's stand - point, has been enacted on the members of the nursing team working within the hospital space, allowing in this way to know, to ponder and to make a new way to introduce changes in the area of Nursing.

Este estudio presenta algunas reflexiones, a la luz de Foucault, de cómo el poder disciplinario viene siendo ejercido sobre los miembros del equipo de enfermería que actúan en el espacio hospitalario; permitiendo, a partir de allí, conocer, reflexionar, y buscar una nueva forma de realizar cambios en el ámbito de la enfermería.