Caracterización de internos con sífilis de una institución penitenciaria / Characterization of inmates with syphilis of a penitentiary institution i: en

Introducción: Las infecciones de transmisión sexual, entre ellas la sífilis, constituyen una grave amenaza a la salud de la población penal en diferentes países. Objetivo: Caracterizar desde el punto de vista clínico-epidemiológico a los pacientes reclusos diagnosticados con sífilis. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, desde enero del 2016 hasta diciembre del 2022, de 147 internos diagnosticados con sífilis en el Centro Penitenciario de Aguadores de Santiago de Cuba. Se analizaron las variables cualitativas y se calcularon las distribuciones de frecuencias y, en cuanto a la edad, la media y la desviación estándar. Se utilizó la prueba de independencia de la Χ2 para identificar alguna asociación significativa entre las variables de interés. Resultados: En la casuística predominaron el diagnóstico de sífilis latente (98,6 %), el grupo etario de 25 a 34 años (36,0 %) y el nivel escolar de secundaria básica (55,8 %). La mayoría de los internos habían contraído la infección bacteriana en el exterior del penal (93,9 %), presentaban antecedentes penales por primera vez (45,6 %) y no disfrutaban de visitas conyugales (74,2 %). Conclusiones: La detección de sífilis en los internos de la prisión de Aguadores ha permitido que estos conozcan de su estado de salud, lo cual evita la propagación de esa enfermedad en el interior del penal.

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections, among them syphilis, constitute a serious threat to health for the penal population in different countries. Objective: To characterize the inmate patients diagnosed with syphilis from the clinical-epidemiologic point of view. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out from January, 2016 to December, 2022, of 147 inmates diagnosed with syphilis in Aguadores Penitentiary Center of Santiago de Cuba. The qualitative variables were analyzed and the distributions of frequencies and, as for the age, the mean and standard deviation were calculated. The chi-square test of independence was used to identify some significant association between the variables of interest. Results: In the case material there was a prevalence of the diagnosis of latent syphilis (98.6%), the 25 to 34 age group (36.0%) and the secondary school level (55.8%). Most of the inmates had acquired the bacterial infection in the exterior of the prison (93.9%), had criminal record for the first time (45-6%) and didn't enjoy marital visits (74.2%). Conclusions: Syphilis detection in the inmates of Aguadores prison has allowed that they know of their health state, which avoids the propagation of that disease inside the prison.

La porosidad de la relación barrio-cárcel: un estudio de caso en dos prisiones chilenas / The porosity of the neighbourhood-prison relationship: a case study of two Chilean prisons / A porosidade da relação bairro-prisão: um estudo de caso de duas prisões chilenas

Las cárceles han llamado la atención de la sociología al ser una institución dentro de la sociedad y, al mismo tiempo, comportarse como una sociedad en sí misma, con sus propios códigos y normas. Sykes la llamó "sociedad de los cautivos", por cuanto asume que los procesos de adaptación tenían que ver con aspectos endógenos de la propia prisión y no con características exógenas, como las trayectorias de las personas encarceladas o los barrios de los que provienen. Esta investigación, realizada en dos cárceles chilenas usando una metodología cualitativa, analizó cómo se conforman los roles entre internos, para explorar la vigencia de lo señalado por Sykes. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que: (i) las relaciones entre internos se caracterizan por fuertes asimetrías de poder y (ii) los roles y funciones están marcados por lo que ocurre en los barrios de proveniencia, lo que sugiere que en el siglo XXI barrio y cárcel tienen fronteras porosas. Finalmente, discutimos las implicancias de esta porosidad para repensar los programas de reinserción.

Prisons have attracted the attention of sociology for being an institution within society and, at the same time, behaving as a society in its own right, with its own codes and norms. Sykes called it a "society of captives", as he assumes that the adaptation processes had to do with endogenous aspects of the prison itself and not with exogenous characteristics, such as the trajectories of the incarcerated persons or the neighbourhoods they come from. This research, carried out in two Chilean prisons using a qualitative methodology, analysed how roles are shaped among inmates, in order to explore the validity of Sykes' findings. Our findings suggest that: (a) relationships between inmates are characterised by strong power asymmetries and (b) roles and functions are shaped by what happens in the neighbourhoods of origin, suggesting that in the 21st century, neighbourhood and prison have porous boundaries. Finally, we discuss the implications of this porosity for rethinking reintegration programmes.

As prisões têm atraído a atenção da sociologia por serem uma instituição dentro da sociedade e, ao mesmo tempo, comportaremse como uma sociedade em si mesma, com códigos e normas próprios. Sykes a chamou "sociedade de cativos", pois supõe que os processos de adaptação têm a ver com aspectos endógenos da própria prisão e não com características exógenas, como as trajetórias das pessoas encarceradas ou os bairros de onde elas vêm. Nesta pesquisa, realizada em duas prisões chilenas, foi utilizada uma metodologia qualitativa e analisado como os papéis são moldados entre os detentos, a fim de explorar a validade das conclusões de Sykes. Nossos resultados sugerem que as relações entre os detentos sejam caracterizadas por fortes assimetrias de poder e que os papéis e as funções sejam moldados pelo que acontece nos bairros de origem, o que leva à hipótese de que, no século 21, o bairro e a prisão tenham sido fronteiras porosas. Por fim, discutimos as implicações dessa porosidade para repensar os programas de reintegração.

Outcome Measure Epidemiological of Female Inmates in West Amazon, Brazil / Medida Epidemiológica de Mulheres Reclusas na Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil

Introduction: the prison system in the Brazilian state of Acre, located in the Western region of the Amazon, is a branch of the criminal justice system that has been suffering from issues such as overcrowding and growth in internal organized crime. The prevalence of these matters directly affects the resocialization of prisoners and inhibits the successful re-engineering of their social values and beliefs.Objective: to analyze the epidemiological profile of jailed women in the State of Acre, Brazil.Methods: in a cross-sectional descriptive study, 129 participants were recruited from female penitentiaries in the state of Acre. Conducted between August and December of 2017, data was collected through a validated questionnaire, divided into modules, using both open and closed-ended items.Results: we found that most women who participated in the study were single (n = 86, 66.7%), had brown skin (n = 93, 72.1%), had children (n=102, 79.1%), resided in the state of Acre (n=117, 90.5%). The mean age of the sample was 27.69 years. Among those participants who reported having partners (n = 40, 31%), we found that half had partners who were also incarcerated (n = 20, 50%). The study results also indicate that drug trafficking (n = 86, 66.7%) was the major cause for female incarceration, followed by homicide crime (n = 16, 12.4%). Over half of the participants were in prison for the first time (n = 75, 58.1%), with a high recidivism rate observed in the total sample (n = 54, 41.9%). A majority of the participants (n = 97, 75.2%) kept in touch with members of their families and a smaller portion (n = 15, 11.6%) received conjugal visits. With regard to social activities, slightly more than half (n = 75, 58.1%) worked and the majority (n = 114, 88.4%) did not study while jailed.Conclusion: the difficulties associated with accessing inmate data and the lack of peer-reviewed studies on inmate health in Brazil suggests that the public policies recommended by the PNSSP and the National Policy for Comprehensive Health Care for Women should be reevaluated.

Introdução: o sistema prisional no estado brasileiro do Acre, localizado na região ocidental da Amazônia, é um ramo do sistema de justiça criminal que tem sofrido por situações como a superlotação e o crescimento do crime organizado interno. A prevalência destas questões afeta diretamente a ressocialização dos prisioneiros e inibe a preservação bem sucedida dos seus valores e crenças sociais.Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico das mulheres encarceradas no Estado do Acre, Brasil.Método: Estudo descritivo transversal, sendo que 129 participantes foram recrutadas em penitenciárias femininas no Estado do Acre. Conduzidos entre agosto e dezembro de 2017, os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário validado, dividido em módulos, utilizando tanto artigos abertos como fechados.Resultados: verificamos que a maioria das mulheres que participaram no estudo eram solteiras (n = 86, 66,7%), tinham pele castanha (n = 93, 72,1%), tinham filhos (n = 102, 79,1%), residiam no estado do Acre (n = 117, 90,5%). A idade média da amostra foi de 27,69 anos. Entre os participantes que declararam ter parceiros (n = 40, 31%), descobrimos que metade tinha parceiros que também estavam encarcerados (n = 20, 50%). Os resultados do estudo indicam também que o tráfico de drogas (n = 86, 66,7%) foi a principal causa de encarceramento feminino, seguido do crime de homicídio (n = 16, 12,4%). Mais de metade dos participantes estiveram na prisão pela primeira vez (n = 75, 58,1%), com uma elevada taxa de reincidência observada na amostra total (n = 54, 41,9%). A maioria dos participantes (n = 97, 75,2%) manteve-se em contato com membros das suas famílias e uma parte menor (n = 15, 11,6%) recebeu visitas conjugais. No que respeita às atividades sociais, pouco mais de metade (n = 75, 58,1%) trabalhou e a maioria (n = 114, 88,4%) não estudou enquanto esteve presa.Conclusão: as dificuldades associadas ao acesso aos dados dos presos e a falta de estudos revistos por pares sobre a saúde dos presos no Brasil sugerem que as políticas públicas recomendadas pelo Plano Nacional de Saúde no Sistema Penitenciário - PNSSP e a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher - PNAISM devem ser reavaliadas.

People deprived of their freedom: nursing diagnoses in the light of Horta's Theory / Personas privadas de libertad: diagnóstico de enfermería a la luz de la Teoría de Horta / Pessoas privadas de liberdade: diagnóstico de enfermagem à luz da Teoria de Horta

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the Nursing diagnoses in men deprived of their freedom, based on the Basic Human Needs framework. Methods: a descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach conducted by means of the Theory of Basic Human Needs framework. Data collection took place from June to November 2019, with individual interviews carried out with 220 men deprived of their freedom. The data were submitted to thematic and content analysis directed to NANDA International Taxonomy II. All ethical aspects were respected. Results: 12 Nursing diagnoses belonging to the categories of health problems and potential risks were identified, grouped and interpreted according to the theoretical framework. Sedentary lifestyle, obesity, overweight, risk-prone health behavior, and ineffective health control are factors that have been related to the psychobiological needs. Involvement in recreational activities, anxiety, ineffective coping, risk of violence directed toward others, disrupted family processes, and risk of ineffective relationships were related to the psychosocial needs, while the risk of impaired religiosity was related to the psychospiritual needs. Conclusion: the absence of Nursing diagnoses in the health promotion category signals the need for actions that provide quality of life to these people.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar diagnósticos de Enfermería en hombres privados de su libertad, sobre la base del marco referencial de las Necesidades Humanas Básicas. Métodos: estudio exploratorio y descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo realizado de conformidad con el marco referencial de la Teoría de las Necesidades Humanas Básicas. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar entre junio y noviembre de 2019, por medio de entrevistas individuales realizadas con 220 hombres privados de su libertad. Los datos se sometieron a análisis temático y de contenido dirigido a la taxonomía II de NANDA Internacional. Se respetaron todos los aspectos éticos. Resultados: se identificaron 12 diagnósticos de Enfermería pertenecientes a las categorías de problemas de salud y riesgos potenciales, agrupados e interpretados de acuerdo con el referencial teórico. Estilo de vida sedentario, obesidad, sobrepeso, conductas de salud propensas a riesgo y control ineficaz de la salud fueron factores que se relacionaron con las necesidades psicobiológicas. A su vez, menor participación en actividades de recreación, ansiedad, estrategias de enfrentamiento ineficaces, riesgo de violencia hacia otras personas, procesos familiares interrumpidos y riesgo de vinculación ineficaz se mostraron relacionados con las necesidades psicosociales, en tanto que el riesgo de religiosidad perjudicada presentó una relación con las necesidades psicoespirituales. Conclusión: la ausencia de diagnósticos de Enfermería de la categoría de promoción de la salud indica la necesidad de implementar acciones que propicien la calidad de vida de estas personas.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem em homens privados de liberdade, com ancoragem no referencial das Necessidades Humanas Básicas. Métodos: estudo exploratório descritivo de abordagem qualitativa conduzido pelo referencial da Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de junho a novembro de 2019, com entrevistas individuais realizadas com 220 homens privados de liberdade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática e de conteúdo dirigida à taxonomia II da NANDA Internacional. Todos os aspectos éticos foram respeitados. Resultados: foram identificados 12 diagnósticos de enfermagem pertencentes às categorias de problemas de saúde e riscos potenciais, agrupados e interpretados conforme o referencial teórico. Estilo de vida sedentário, obesidade, sobrepeso, comportamento de saúde propenso a risco e controle ineficaz da saúde são fatores que se relacionaram às necessidades psicobiológicas. Já o envolvimento em atividades de recreação diminuído, ansiedade, enfrentamento ineficaz, risco de violência direcionada a outros, processos familiares interrompidos e risco de relacionamento ineficaz se mostraram relacionados às necessidades psicossociais, ao passo que o risco de religiosidade prejudicada apresentou relação com as necessidades psicoespirituais. Conclusão: a ausência de diagnósticos de enfermagem da categoria de promoção da saúde sinaliza a necessidade de ações que propiciem qualidade de vida a essas pessoas.

High incidence of acute Q fever among incarcerated people in Cayenne, French Guiana

ABSTRACT Q fever is a major public health problem in French Guiana. In recent years, a considerable number of cases has been reported in French Guiana's penitentiary center. The main objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of these cases. A retrospective study was conducted at the prison to identify cases of acute Q fever in people incarcerated between 2010 and 2021. During the study period, 16 patients were diagnosed with acute Q fever. The positivity rate varied between 13 and 57%. The annual incidence rate in 2019, 2020 and 2021 was 269 (95% CI: 0-640) 1,120 (95% CI: 290-1950) and 1,931 (95% CI: 60-3810) per 100,000 person-years, respectively. While several vertebrate species have already been shown to play an important role in the transmission of Coxiella burnetii, the full epidemiology picture in the tropics is far from clear, and the prison context, with its controlled environment, could help provide answers.

Diagnóstico e acompanhamento da tuberculose - diferenças entre população geral e populações vulnerabilizadas / Diagnosis and monitoring of tuberculosis - differences between the general population and those with vulnerabilities / Diagnóstico y seguimiento de la tuberculosis - diferencias entre la población general y grupos con vulnerabilidades

RESUMO Objetivo a realização de exames diagnósticos e do acompanhamento da tuberculose entre população geral e populações em situação de vulnerabilidade social no município de Belo Horizonte/MG. Método estudo epidemiológico dos casos de tuberculose do Sistema de Informação de Belo Horizonte - Brasil, 2001 a 2017. Realizou-se análise descritiva e comparação entre população geral, população em situação de rua e privada de liberdade. Resultados os exames diagnósticos e de acompanhamento foram realizados com mais frequência nas populações vulnerabilizadas em até 30%, com baixo uso do teste rápido molecular(média de 35,4%) e do tratamento observado, com 22% de realização na população de rua e 38% na privada de liberdade. Conclusão o estudo sinaliza para a necessidade de priorização do teste rápido e do tratamento observado, especialmente entre públicos vulnerabilizados. Disseminar o uso dessas ferramentas pode determinar a interrupção da cadeia de transmissão, a possibilidade da cura e a não ocorrência de resistência.

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the performance of diagnostic exams and monitoring of tuberculosis between the general population and those in situations of social vulnerability from the municipality of Belo Horizonte/MG. Method an epidemiological study of the tuberculosis cases recorded between 2001 and 2017 in the Information System of Belo Horizonte - Brazil. A descriptive analysis and a comparison were performed between the general population and those in street situations and deprived of their freedom. Results diagnostic and follow-up tests were performed more frequently in vulnerable populations, in up to 30%, with low use of the rapid molecular test (mean of 35.4%) and of the observed treatment, with 22% of performance in the street population. and 38% in individuals deprived of freedom. Conclusion the study points to the need to prioritize the rapid test and the observed treatment, especially among vulnerable groups. Disseminating the use of these tools can determine interruption of the transmission chain, the possibility of a cure and non-occurrence resistance.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comparar la realización de pruebas de diagnóstico y de seguimiento de la tuberculosis entre la población general y grupos en situación de vulnerabilidad social en el municipio de Belo Horizonte/MG. Método estudio epidemiológico de los casos de tuberculosis registrados entre 2001 y 2017 en el Sistema de Información de Belo Horizonte - Brasil. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y una comparación entre la población general y grupos de personas en situación de calle y privadas de su libertad. Resultados las pruebas diagnósticas y de seguimiento se realizaron con hasta un 30% mayor frecuencia en poblaciones vulnerables, con bajo uso de la prueba molecular rápida (media de 35,4%) y tratamiento observado, con un 22% de realización en la población en situación de calle y 38% en personas privadas de su libertad. Conclusión el estudio apunta a la necesidad de priorizar la prueba rápida y el tratamiento observado, especialmente entre los grupos vulnerables. Difundir el uso de estas herramientas puede determinar la interrupción de la cadena de transmisión, la posibilidad de cura y la ausencia de resistencia.

"Todo mundo tem história?": experiências de ex-internos em hospital psiquiátrico / "Does everyone have a history?": experiences of ex-inmates in a psychiatric hospital

A Reforma Psiquiátrica busca progressivamente deslocar o foco do cuidado do hospital para as redes de cuidado territoriais. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a experiência de pessoas em sofrimento psíquico grave no período de internação e pós-internação em um hospital psiquiátrico. Foi realizado estudo qualitativo, por meio do método de História de Vida Focal, com realização de entrevistas com cinco ex-internos do extinto Hospital Psiquiátrico Franco da Rocha (HPFR). Utilizando-se a Análise do Conteúdo Temática foram levantadas três categorias: a forma de se relacionar com a loucura, a ambivalência das experiências e as nuances de uma possível ruptura de paradigmas. Tais categorias permitiram discutir a coexistência entre os paradigmas asilar e psicossocial no atual cenário da Reforma Psiquiátrica, constituindo atravessamentos nos modos de compor itinerários de cuidado entre as pessoas com sofrimento psíquico. Afirma-se a necessidade de produção de modos de cuidado que respeitem o direito à cidadania, à palavra e à história das pessoas com sofrimento psíquico.(AU)

The Psychiatric Reform progressively seeks to shift the focus of hospital care to territorial care networks. The objective of this study was to understand the experience of people in severe psychic suffering about hospitalization and post- hospitalization in a psychiatric hospital. A qualitative study was conducted, using the Focal Life History method, with interviews with 5 former inmates of the extinct Franco da Rocha Psychiatric Hospital (HPFR). Through the Content Analysis Theme, three categories were raised: the way to relate to madness, the ambivalence of experiences and the nuances of a possible break of paradigms. Such categories allowed to discuss the coexistence between the asylum and psychosocial paradigms in the current scenario of Psychiatric Reform, constituting crossings in the ways of composing itineraries of care between people with psychic suffering. It is stated a need for the production of ways of care that respect the right to citizenship, the word and the history of people with psychic suffering.(AU)

La Reforma Psiquiátrica busca progresivamente cambiar el foco del cuidado del hospital para las redes de cuidado territoriales. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender la experiencia de personas en sufrimiento psíquico grave en el periodo de internación y post-internación en un hospital psiquiátrico. Fue realizado un estudio cualitativo, por medio del método de Historia de Vida Focal, con realización de entrevistas con cinco ex internos del extinto Hospital Psiquiátrico Franco da Rocha (HPFR). Utilizando el Análisis de Contenido Temático fueron levantadas tres categorías: la manera de relacionarse con la locura, la ambivalencia de las experiencias y los matices de una posible ruptura de paradigmas. Tales categorías permitieron discutir la coexistencia entre los paradigmas asilar y psicosocial en el actual escenario de la Reforma Psiquiátrica, constituyendo atravesamientos en los modos de componer itinerarios de cuidado entre las personas con sufrimiento psíquico. Se afirma la necesidad de producción de modos de cuidado que respeten el derecho a la ciudadanía, a la palabra y a la historia de las personas con sufrimiento psíquico.(AU)

Modelo lógico e matriz de critérios para avaliação da assistência à pessoa com transtorno mental em conflito com a lei / Logical model and matrix of criteria for assessing care to people with mental disorders in conflict with the law

Resumo Objetiva-se descrever a construção e validação do modelo lógico e da matriz de critérios para avaliação da assistência à pessoa com transtorno mental em conflito com a lei. Trata-se de pesquisa metodológica, desenvolvida de fevereiro a dezembro de 2019, seguindo três procedimentos: 1) teóricos - composto por estudo de avaliabilidade, realizado a partir de pesquisa documental e entrevista com informantes-chave; 2) empíricos - construção do instrumento de coleta e seleção de experts para o processo de validação do instrumento de avaliação proposto; e 3) analíticos - realização de duas etapas Delphi. O estudo de avaliabilidade resultou na elaboração e pactuação do modelo lógico; na análise e comparação entre a realidade da política e o modelo lógico; e na elaboração da matriz de critérios. A adequabilidade do conteúdo da matriz de critérios foi avaliada por 16 experts na etapa Delphi 1 e por 12 na etapa Delphi 2, a qual teve seu conteúdo validado com Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo de 0,93. Espera-se que o modelo lógico e a matriz de critérios propostos neste estudo direcionem profissionais de saúde, pesquisadores, trabalhadores e demais atores sociais para a avaliação da assistência a esta clientela.

Abstract We aim to describe the construction and validation of the logical model and the matrix of criteria for assessing care to people with mental disorders in conflict with the law. This is a methodological research, carried out from February to December 2019, following three procedures: 1) theoretical - composed of an evaluability study performed from documentary research and interviews with key informants; 2) empirical - construction of the collection instrument and selection of experts for the validation process of the proposed evaluation instrument; and 3) analytical - performing two Delphi steps. The evaluability study resulted in the elaboration and agreement of the logical model; the analysis and comparison between the reality of the policy and the logical model; and the elaboration of the matrix of criteria. The criteria matrix content adequacy was assessed by 16 experts in the Delphi 1 step and 12 experts in the Delphi 2 step, whose content was validated with a Content Validity Coefficient of 0.93. The logical model and the matrix of criteria proposed in this study are expected to direct health professionals, researchers, workers, and other social actors to assess this clientele's care.

Study on relationship between impulsivity and childhood abuse of high-risk inmates / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo understand the characteristics of high-risk inmates’ impulsivity and to explore the influencing factors of impulsivity， so as to provide a theoretical basis for identifying the high-risk factors and making effective intervention. MethodsA total of 588 male inmates in Nanjing were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into four groups according to their violent crime reasons， high impulsiveness， borderline personality and antisocial personality. The detailed criminal records of inmates， general demographic data questionnaire， self-made substance use questionnaire， Barratt Impulsiveness Scale （BIS-11） and Childhood Trauma Questionaire-Short Form （CTQ-SF） were used to investigate， and multiple stepwise regression analysis was conducted to analysis the influencing factors of impulsivity of high-risk inmates. Results① There were statistically significant differences in age， marital status and drug use history among the four groups （F=4.890、13.945、26.137， P<0.01）. ② There were statistically significant differences in BIS-11 and CTQ-SF scores among the four groups （F=81.196， 16.208， P<0.01）. ③ Drug use history （β=1.832， P<0.05）， affective neglect （β=0.278， P<0.01） and affective abuse （β=0.307， P<0.01） had positive predictive effects on impulsivity of all high-risk inmates. Affective neglect （β=0.482， P<0.01） had a positive predictive effect on impulsivity of violent criminals. ConclusionDrug use history， affective neglect and emotional abuse were the risk factors for high impulsivity in male high-risk inmates.

Condición física y calidad de vida de mujeres privadas de libertad del centro penitenciario de Concepción / Physical condition and quality of life of women deprived of liberty in the Concepción penitentiary

RESUMEN: El presente estudio, tuvo como objetivo determinar la condición física, el estado nutricional, el riesgo cardiovascular y la calidad de vida de mujeres privadas de libertad (MPL) del centro penitenciario de Concepción de la región del Biobío. El estudio fue de diseño no experimental-transversal de alcance descriptivo. La condición física fue valorada a través de las siguientes pruebas; test Sit and Reach para flexibilidad, CMJ para la fuerza explosiva del tren inferior y la prueba del escalón de 3 minutos para resistencia aeróbica. Para valorar la calidad de vida se utilizó la WHOQoL-Bref. Además, se calculó IMC e ICC, a través de la medición de la talla, peso y perímetro de cintura, utilizando una balanza con tallímetro (Seca 220) y cinta métrica Lufkin. Las mujeres privadas de libertad presentaron un promedio de 39,58 ± 15,30 años de edad, un IMC de 27,85 ± 6,08 kg/m2, y un ICC de 0,85 ± 0,05. Los valores promedios para la flexibilidad fueron de 35,91 ± 11,61 cm, para CMJ fue 13,46 ± 4,72 cm y en el test del escalón 28,32 ± 5,48 de eficiencia cardiovascular. La percepción de la calidad de vida general fue mala (2,41 ± 0,66) y las dimensiones de salud física, psicológica, relaciones sociales y ambiente se posicionan en el percentil más bajo (P5).

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to determine the physical condition, nutritional status, cardiovascular risk and quality of life of women deprived of liberty (MPL) from the Concepción penitentiary in the Biobío region. The study was of a non-experimental-cross-sectional design with a descriptive scope. The physical condition was assessed through the following tests; Sit and Reach test for flexibility, CMJ for explosive lower body strength and the 3-minute step test for aerobic endurance. To assess quality of life, the WHOQoL-Bref was used. In addition, BMI and ICC were calculated by measuring height, weight and waist circumference, using a scale with a height rod (Seca 220) and a Lufkin tape measure. The women deprived of liberty presented an average age of 39.58 ± 15.30 years, a BMI of 27.85 ± 6.08 kg / m2, and an ICC of 0.85 ± 0.05. The mean values for flexibility were 35.91 ± 11.61 cm, for CMJ it was 13.46 ± 4.72 cm and test step 28.32 ± 5.48 of cardiovascular efficiency. The perception of the general quality of life was poor (2.41 ± 0.66) and the dimensions of physical, psychological, social relations and environment were in the lowest percentile (P5).

Trastornos de ansiedad y su relación con las condiciones carcelarias en personas reclusas en Medellín, Colombia, año 2014 / The link between anxiety disorders and prison conditions for inmates in Medellín, Colombia, 2014 / Transtornos de ansiedade e sua relação com as condições carcerárias dos detentos em Medellín, Colômbia, em 2014

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de trastornos de ansiedad y su relación con características sociodemográficas, estrategias de afrontamiento, condiciones carcelarias y servicios asistenciales prestados por el Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario, de las personas reclusas en el Establecimiento Penitenciario de Mediana Seguridad y Carcelario Bellavista y el Complejo Carcelario y Penitenciario Pedregal, Medellín, año 2014. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de corte, entre los meses de junio a julio de 2014, para explorar las posibles asociaciones entre las variables estudiadas y los trastornos de ansiedad en personas reclusas, aplicando un muestreo aleatorio, con participación de 532 reclusos (52,1 % hombres y 47,9 mujeres). Se aplicó la Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional, escala de estrategias de Coping - modificada, y el cuestionario para apoyo social percibido. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de ansiedad del 39,5% en el último mes, lo que indica que aproximadamente 2 de cada 5 reclusos presentaron trastornos de ansiedad. Los principales factores de riesgo de la presencia de ansiedad fueron: percepción alta de maltrato por otros internos, nunca recibir asesoría jurídica por parte del Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario, no tener expresión en la dificultad de afrontamiento, no tener reevaluación positiva y tener reacción agresiva. Conclusión: Los reclusos con trastornos de ansiedad muestran mayores riesgos, en características relacionadas con sucesos en prisión, servicios prestados por el Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario y estrategias de afrontamiento, que los reclusos sin este tipo de problema, lo que confirma la vulnerabilidad de este colectivo penitenciario que requiere mayor atención.

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of anxiety disorders and their link to sociodemographic characteristics, coping strategies, prison conditions and care services provided by the Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario [National Penitentiary and Prison Institute] to people incarcerated in the Establecimiento Penitenciario de Mediana Seguridad y Carcelario Bellavista and the Complejo Carcelario y Penitenciario Pedregal, Medellín, 2014. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out between June and July 2014 to explore the possible associations between the studied variables and anxiety disorders in inmates, applying random sampling resulting in the participation of 532 inmates (52.1% men and 47.9% women). The International Neuropsychiatric Interview, modified Coping strategy scale and the questionnaire for perceived social support were applied. Results: An anxiety prevalence of 39.5% was found in the last month, indicating that approximately 2 out of 5 inmates had anxiety disorders. The main risk factors for the presence of anxiety were: high perception of mistreatment by other inmates, never receive legal advice from the National Penitentiary and Prison Institute, cannot express difficulties coping, have no positive reassessment and have aggressive reactions. Conclusion: Inmates with anxiety disorders show higher risks in characteristics related to events in prison, services provided by the National Penitentiary and Prison Institute and coping strategies than inmates without this type of problem, confirming the vulnerability of this prison group that requires more attention.

Resumo Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de transtornos de ansiedade e sua relação com características sociodemográficas, estratégias de enfrentamento, condições carcerárias e serviços de assistência prestados pelo Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario, dos detentos no Establecimiento Penitenciario de Mediana Seguridad y Carcelario Bellavista e o Complejo Carcelario y Penitenciario Pedregal, Medellín em 2014. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo de corte, entre os meses de junho a julho de 2014, para explorar as possíveis associações entre as variáveis estudadas e os transtornos de ansiedade nos detentos, aplicando uma amostragem aleatória com a participação de 532 detentos (52,1% homens e 47,9% mulheres). Foi realizada a Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional, escala de estratégias de Coping - modificada, e o questionário Escala Multidimensional de suporte social percebido. Resultados: Encontrou-se uma prevalência de ansiedade de 39,5% no último mês, o que indica que aproximadamente 2 de cada 5 detentos apresentaram transtornos de ansiedade. Os principais fatores de risco da presença de ansiedade foram: alta percepção de maltrato vinda de outros detentos, assessoria jurídica nula por parte do Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario, ausência de apoio diante da dificuldade de enfrentamento, falta de reavaliação positiva e ter reação agressiva. Conclusão: Os detentos com transtornos de ansiedade mostram maiores riscos nas características relacionadas com os acontecimentos na prisão, serviços prestados pelo Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario e estratégias de enfrentamento, que os detentos sem este tipo de problema, o que confirma a vulnerabilidade dessa população carcerária que requer maior atenção.

Personality Disorder in a Nigerian Prison Community

Background: Personality disorders have since the 19th century been known and established as psychiatric diagnosis, yet very few epidemiological studies have been done. Absence of information about this disorder in the prisons led to the assessment of its prevalence in Agodi prisons in Nigeria. Objective: To determine the prevalence of personality disorder in a prison community. Methods: A total of 213 inmates who met the study criteria were interviewed, using (IPDE) International Personality Disorder Examination, a semi structured questionnaire modified to conform to DSM 111-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) and ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases) classifications. Using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS/PC+), cross tabulation of the variables was obtained using chi-square and t- test. Results: The results showed that at least 31% of prison inmates have personality disorders with antisocial personality disorder being most prevalent. A strong association between criminality and personality disorder was established.

Perfil psicosocial, factores de riesgo y reinserción en reclusas adultas: una revisión sistemática / Psychosocial profile, risk factors and reintegration in adult women prisoners: A systematic review

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los efectos psicológicos asociados con la estancia en prisión en mujeres reclusas, así como su perfil psicosocial. Para esto se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de la literatura en las siguientes bases de datos: Web of Science, Scopus, Psicodoc, PsycInfo, Pubmed y DOAJ. En la búsqueda se localizó un total de 1403 trabajos (1350 artículos y 53 revisiones), de los cuales se seleccionaron, finalmente, 106 estudios. Se observan importantes diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en cuanto al ajuste a prisión, además de que las mujeres reclusas tienen unas necesidades específicas. Como conclusión cabe señalar la necesidad de más estudios que complementen la información sobre los efectos psicológicos de las mujeres en países menos desarrollados.

Abstract The objective of this work was to analyze the psychological effects associated with the stay in prison in women prisoners as well as their psychosocial profile. For this purpose, a literatura search was carried out in the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, Psicodoc, PsycInfo, Pubmed and DOAJ. In the search a total of 1403 papers were located (1350 articles and 53 reviews), finally selecting 106 studies. There are important differences between men and women in terms of adjustment to prison, in addition to the fact that women prisoners have specific needs. In conclusion, more studies are needed to complement the information on the psychological effects of women in less developed countries.

Mulheres privadas de liberdade e seus filhos: o sistema de justiça criminal em perspectiva / Female inmates and their children: criminal judicial system in perspective / Mujeres en privación de libertad y sus hijos: el sistema de justicia criminal en perspectiva

O texto surge de informações obtidas em uma pesquisa intitulada "Laços sociais de crianças após o cárcere" e se desenvolve percorrendo o sistema de justiça criminal do Brasil e de Minas Gerais, com reflexões psicanalíticas em interlocução com a perspectiva da sociologia jurídico-penal. Centra-se numa das fontes geradoras de conhecimentos utilizadas na pesquisa, o trabalho de juízes em processos que envolvem mulheres privadas de liberdade cujos filhos permanecem reclusos com elas por algum tempo. Traz declarações de juízes acerca de pontos cruciais sobre o assunto, nas quais se observa que os atores do sistema de justiça circulam pela administração ordinária da justiça penal, regida pelo princípio da eficiência, por competência voltada para o exato cumprimento da lei, e ainda distante das particularidades que supõem a diferença entre os sexos, a garantia dos direitos fundamentais da criança, numa realidade social que prima pela complexa judicialização da relação entre mãe e filho.

The idea to write this text came from information acquired during a research entitled "Social bonds of children after prison", which was done studying the criminal justice system of Brazil and Minas Gerais. The research has psychoanalytic reflections in interlocution with the perspective of legal-penal sociology. The work of judges in cases involving women sentenced to prison and their children, who have lived with their mothers some time, is the focus of this research. It contains judges' statements related to crucial points in the subject, in which the actors of the judicial system can be observed. Those statements spread through the ordinary administration of criminal justice, governed by the principle of efficiency and by competence directed towards strict law enforcement. However, these procedures are still far from the particulars that gender differences and the guarantee of the child's fundamental rights entail, in a social reality mainly represented by the complex judicialisation of the relation between mother and child.

El texto surge a partir de informaciones obtenidas en una investigación titulada "Lazos sociales de niños tras la cárcel", y se desarrolla recorriendo el sistema de justicia criminal de Brasil y de Minas Gerais y con reflexiones psicoanalíticas en interlocución con la perspectiva de la sociología jurídico-penal. Se centra en una de las fuentes generadoras de conocimientos utilizadas en la investigación, el trabajo de los jueces en los procesos en que están envolvidas mujeres privadas de libertad y sus hijos que permanecen recluidos con ellas durante algún tiempo. Se citan declaraciones de jueces sobre los puntos cruciales de este tema en las que se observa que los actores del sistema de justicia se difunden por la administración ordinaria de la justicia penal regida por el principio de eficiencia, por la competencia orientada al exacto cumplimiento de la ley, y todavía distante de las particularidades que supone la diferencia de sexos y la garantía de los derechos fundamentales del niño en una realidad social en la que prevalece la compleja judicialización de la relación entre madre e hijo.

A sociodemographic profile of inmates of an old age home in North Maharashtra

Background: India had about 8.6 crores elderly above 65 years in 2016. It is expected to increase to 17.9 crores by 2031 and 30.1 crores by 2051. This will increase the demand for health and other social security services. Hence, we decided to collect and analyze socio-demographic profile of inmates of an old age home (OAH).Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted at an old age home in North Maharashtra from 15th March 2008 to 30th April 2008 by questionnaires/interviews. Sample size was 100%.Results: There were total 40 inmates. 50% were aged 50-60 years. 27.5% (60-70 years), 17.5% (70-80 years) and 5% (80-90 years). Males were 52.5%, female- 47.5%. married- 50%, widow- 45% and unmarried- 5%. 30% were housewives, 27.5 % were labourers, 20% were businessmen, 10% were in government jobs, 7.5% were teachers and 5% were farmers. 40% inmates were childless, >4 children- 25%, 3 children- 17.5%, 2 children- 12.5% and 1 child-5%. 33 inmates’ children were literate while 7 inmates’ children were illiterate. Main causes of staying at OAH were family problems 50%, personal cause 45% and economical cause was 5%. Major health problems were locomotor disorder- 52.5%, cataract- 47.5%, hypertension- 17.5%, diabetes- 15%, genito-urinary problem- 7.5%, decreased hearing- 7.5%, IHD- 5% and respiratory problems- 2.5%. Dental health/problems included missing teeth- 65%, caries- 25%, discoloration- 22.5% and dentures- 20%. Literacy was 70%.Conclusions: Major medical/dental/social problems were locomotor, cataract, diabetes-mellitus, hypertension, tooth loss, caries, family disputes, poverty and childlessness.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Inmates of the New-bell Central Prison, Cameroon

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) remain a public health issue in developing countries where overcrowded settlements and poor sanitation are general rule. Due to paucity of IPIs data in known overcrowded Cameroonian prisons, this cross-sectional studyconducted in 2015 in the New-Bell Central Prison (NBCP) aimed to establish biodiversity, prevalence and risk factors of intestinal protozoan and helminthe infections among inmates.Fresh stool samples collected from the NBCP volunteered inmates were laboratory examined microscopically as fresh mounts plus iodine, Kato-Katz smears, formalin-ether concentration and modified Ziehl-Nelseen stained sediments.Of a total 374 inmates who participated in the study, overall IPIs prevalence was 39.3%. Helminthe and protozoa prevalence was 16.6% and 24.6% respectively. Parasites species were recorded at following prevalence: Ascaris lumbricoides(10.4%), Trichuris trichiura(5.1%), Schistosoma mansoni(0.5%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar(14.2%), Entamoebacoli(16.6%), Giardia intestinalis (7.2%), Chilomastix mesnili(2.4%), Blastocystis spp(2.1%) and Cryptosporidium sp (4.3%). Co-infections by two or three parasites were recorded among parasitized inmates.Overall IPIs prevalence was not significantly influenced by gender, age, detention duration, education level, handwashing practices, sanitation and drinking water source. However, highest IPIs prevalence occurred in males aged 30 to 49 years old, less than one year detainees, latrine users and those who drank borehole water. Systematic handwashing practices and education level did not influence significantly IPIs prevalence. All helminthe infections were of light intensities.Inmates in the New Bell central prison were parasitized by several species of protozoa and intestinal worms in varying prevalence depending on the detention period, the sex, the age and hygiene. A regular IPIs control among prison inmates was recommended to the NBCP managers to prevent related morbidity.

Biopsychosocial Determinants of Depression among the Male Inmates in Malaysia

Abstract@#Introduction: The increasing prevalence of depression has been a major public health concern. Being a marginalized population put the inmates at risk of depression. The main objective of this study was to identify the determinants of depression among the inmates according to the biopsychosocial model. Methods: A cross sectional study involving 460 male inmates was conducted at a medium security prison in Seremban. Only Malaysian adult prisoners who have been convicted and had spent a minimum of three months in the prison were eligible for the study. They were selected using the probability proportional to size using stratified random sampling. Data was collected using validated and pre-tested questionnaire by face-to-face interviews, with depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22 with a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed prevalence of depression were 40.70% (95% CI: 36.21-45.19) with its development being predicted by presence of communicable disease (AOR=2.145, 95% CI: 1.123-4.095), history of childhood abuse (AOR=1.762, 95% CI: 1.045-2.972), sentences of more than 5 years (AOR=3.801, 95% CI: 1.529-9.450), being non-Muslims (AOR=2.261, 95% CI: 1.461-3.497) and perceived stress (AOR=4.007, 95% CI= 2.610-6.151). Conclusions: This study revealed an alarmingly high prevalence of depression among the male inmates, with stress being the strongest risk factor. Reintegration of the prisoners into the community should be considered as part of the rehabilitation program to ensure continuation of psychiatric care and reduce relapsing.

Evaluación de la responsabilidad criminal en una muestra de reclusos(as) en la ciudad de Barranquilla, Colombia, con el R-CRAS / Evaluation of the criminal liability in a sample of inmates in Barranquilla, Colombia with the R-CRAS / Avaliação da responsabilidade criminal em uma amostra de prisioneiros(as) na cidade de Barranquilla, Colômbia, com o R-CRAS

Resumen La responsabilidad criminal es un concepto objeto de estudio para la psicología forense. Se ha definido como la capacidad cognitiva de una persona para apreciar la naturaleza de lo injusto de su acto. En Latinoamérica, y de manera más específica en Colombia, no ha sido ampliamente estudiada, y existe escasa literatura sobre los instrumentos que permiten evaluarla. En este estudio se buscó establecer la responsabilidad criminal de 154 reclusos(as) sindicados y acusados por el delito de homicidio, utilizando el instrumento R-CRAS de Rogers (1986), el cual ha sido adaptado para Colombia por Mebarak y Jiménez (2010), con el fin de ampliar esta línea de investigación. Se pudo encontrar que a pesar de que la mayoría de reclusos reconocen su participación, culpa e implicaciones en los eventos relacionados con el crimen por el cual se encuentran recluidos, existe un porcentaje que aún no logra comprender la ilicitud de su acto (19,8%). Además, mucha información que se requiere para realizar una evaluación completa no era proporcionada por los centros carcelarios, y esto dejó un amplio vacío. Frente a esta situación, se necesitan mayores intervenciones de la psicológica forense en las prisiones, y sobre todo el desarrollo de instrumentos de evaluación que permitan una mejor aproximación frente a esta problemática. Se discuten las implicaciones.

Abstract Criminal responsibility is a concept under consideration in the field of forensic psychology. It has been defined as the cognitive capacity of a person to appreciate the nature of unfairness of his act. In Latin America, and more specifically in Colombia, it has not been widely studied and there is little literature on the instruments that allow it to be evaluated. This study aims to determine the criminal responsibility of 154 Colombian homicides, using the R-CRAS instrument of Rogers (1986) which has been adapted in Colombia by Mebarak and Jiménez (2010), in order to broaden this line of research. It was found that the most of the of inmates recognize their participation, guilt and implications in the events related to the crime for which they are being held, there is a percentage (19,8%) of them who have not understood the illicitness of their act yet. Also, a lot of information required to develop a comprehensive evaluation was not provided by the prison, leaving a substantial gap. Faced with this situation, there is a need for greater forensic psychological intervention in prisons and, above all, the development of evaluation instruments that allow a better approach to this problem. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Resumo A responsabilidade criminal é um conceito objeto de estudo para a psicologia forense. Tem sido definida como a habilidade cognitiva de uma pessoa para apreciar a natureza do injusto do seu ato. Na América Latina, y de maneira mais específica na Colômbia, não tem sido amplamente estudada, e existe escassa literatura sobre os instrumentos que permitem avaliá-la. No estudo se procurou estabelecer a responsabilidade criminal de 154 prisioneiros(as) indiciados e acusados pelo delito de homicídio, utilizando o instrumento R-CRAS de Rogers (1986), o qual tem sido adaptado para Colômbia por Mebarak e Jiménez (2010), com o fim de ampliar essa linha de pesquisa. Foi possível identificar que apesar de que a maioria dos prisioneiros reconhecem sua participação, culpa e implicações nos eventos relacionados com o crime pelo qual foram presos, existe uma porcentagem que ainda não consegue compreender a ilicitude do seu ato (19,8%). Além, muita informação requerida para fazer uma avaliação completa não era proporcionada pelos centros penitenciários, e isso deixou um amplo vácuo. Diante dessa situação, se necessitam maiores intervenções da psicologia forense nas prisões, e sobretudo o desenvolvimento de instrumentos de avaliação que permitam uma melhor aproximação perante dessa problemática. Se discutem as implicações.

Representaciones sociales del tratamiento penitenciario en población reclusa y en servidores penitenciarios / Social representations of penitentiary treatment in reclaimed population and penitentiary officers

Resumen El tratamiento penitenciario forma parte de las políticas penitenciarias dirigidas a la resocialización en un marco garantista de los derechos de los detenidos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer las representaciones sociales del tratamiento penitenciario en internos/as y servidores penitenciarios, de once establecimientos penales colombianos, en el año 2011. Un cuestionario basado en la asociación libre de palabras fue respondido por una muestra no aleatoria de 485 funcionarios/as penitenciarios/as y de 1240 personas privadas de libertad. Para llevar a cabo el tratamiento penitenciario en ambos grupos se asoció, sobre todo, con la resocialización y con las modalidades en las que hace énfasis la ley penitenciaria en Colombia y cuya realización permite descuento de la condena: trabajo, educación y estudio. Mediante un análisis de clasificación jerárquica se halló entre los internos/as varios campos de representación sobre aspectos críticos del tratamiento penitenciario, como «miedo¼, «aislamiento¼ o que es «inexistente¼; mientras que los funcionarios emplearon con más frecuencia términos como «resocialización¼, «bienestar¼ o «seguimiento¼. En ambos grupos predominó una representación social positiva del tratamiento penitenciario.

Abstract The penitentiary treatment is part of the penitentiary policies directed to the re-socialization in a guaranteeing framework of the rights of the detainees. The objective of this work was to know the social representations of the penitentiary treatment in inmates and prison officials of eleven penal establishments in Colombia. A questionnaire based on free association of words was answered by a non-random sample of 485 officials and 1240 inmates. For both groups, penitentiary treatment was mainly associated with re-socialization and with the modalities in which penitentiary law in Colombia is emphasized to carry it out and whose realization allows for a reduction in conviction: work, education and study. Through an analysis of hierarchical classification, several fields of representation were found among inmates on critical aspects of penitentiary treatment, such as "fear", "isolation" or "there is not", while officials employed more often terms such as "resocialization", "welfare" or "follow-up". In both groups, a positive social representation of penitentiary treatment predominated.

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Older Prisoners in the Ashanti Region of Ghana

Prisons are environments that have been characterised by high rates of communicable diseases until recently when the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases have been assessed, and high prevalence found. This study, involving 160 inmates assessed the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among prisoners in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. BMI, waist circumference and blood pressure of all participants were checked. Additionally, lifestyle and dietary factors such as exercise and fruit intake as well as medical history of inmates were assessed. Fasting blood samples were taken and analysed for lipid profile and FBG. The mean systolic blood pressure of study participants was 141.1±23.2 mmHg, diastolic 88.9±15 mmHg, BMI 22.8±4.1 kg/m2, waist circumference 81±10.3 cm, FBG 4.3±0.9 mmol/L, HDL 1.4±0.4 mmol/L and triglycerides 1.1±0.6 mmol/L. Prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidaemia was 57.5% each. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 8.1%, and 21.9% had two cardiovascular risk factors. In conclusion prevalence of dyslipidaemia and elevated blood pressure were high among inmates and cardiovascular risk factors were higher among female inmates compared to males. Most inmates were sedentary and occasionally consumed fruits. Interventions of appropriate dietary provision and exercise schedule should begin within Ghanaian prisons to curb this menace.