Building Block Innovation: research on education of doctors in the intersection of medicine and engineering / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Referring to Building Block Innovation concepts, the article addresses the development and current practices of the doctoral education in the intersection of medicine and engineering from modules such as scientific research, tutor guidance, curriculum study, integration of study and industry, and evaluation mechanism. The article proposes inspiration and recommendation to further improve the quality of the doctoral education from dimensions including the management system, the organization system, and the education system.

Reflexões sobre metodologias críticas em pesquisa: interseccionalidade, reflexividade e situacionalidade / Some resources for critical research: reflections on intersectionality, reflexivity and situationality / Reflexiones sobre las metodologías críticas en investigación: interseccionalidad, reflexividad y situacionalidad / Réflexion sur les méthodes en recherches: intersection, réflexivité et situationalité

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir metodologias críticas para pesquisa tomando como eixo de análise contribuições de estudos feministas e pós-coloniais e decoloniais sobre a ciência em relação à violência epistemológica. Esta perspectiva faz com que o entendimento da inclusão e o reconhecimento de relações de poder em pesquisa sejam vistos como fundamentais tanto para epistemologia quanto para metodologias e métodos de pesquisa. Estudos feministas desenvolveram aspectos-chave sobre as reflexões das relações de poder em pesquisa. Neste artigo, focarei nas noções de situacionalidade, interseccionalidade e reflexividade, que serão debatidos com exemplos focados nos dilemas e paradoxos deflagrados em pesquisas críticas. Os aspectos levantados neste artigo apontam para elementos que permitem considerar grupos tradicionalmente excluídos, mal representados ou sub-representados em pesquisas.

This article aims to provide a debate on critical methodologies for research. For this debate I centre on contributions from feminist research and post-colonial and decolonial studies on science concerning epistemological violence. In this sense, the understanding of inclusion and the acknowledgement of power relations in research are seen as key for epistemology, methodology and methods for research. Feminist studies developed key-aspects on power relations. In this article I will focus on the notions of situationality, interseccionality and reflexivity, which will be seen alongside dilemmas and paradoxes seen in examples of critical research. These aspects bring aspects regarding the inclusion of traditionally excluded, mis-represented or under-represented groups in research.

El objetivo de este artículo es promover el debate sobre las metodologías críticas para investigación. Para ese debate, el foco será en las contribuciones de estudios feministas y pos-coloniales y decoloniales sobre la ciencia en relación a los aspectos entendidos como violencia epistemológica. Así, los aspectos como inclusión y el reconocimiento de las relaciones de poder en investigación son vistos como fundamentales para la epistemología y metodología y métodos de investigación. Estudios feministas han desarrollado aspectos importantes sobre las reflexiones acerca de las relaciones de poder en investigación. En el artículo el foco será en las nociones de situacionalidad, interseccionalidad y reflexividad, que serán debatidos con ejemplos de dilemas y paradojas vistos en pesquisas críticas. Los aspectos debatidos aquí invitan para un análisis de la inclusión de grupos tradicionalmente excluidos, mal representados o sub-representados en investigaciones.

Le but de cet article est d'attirer le débat sur les methodologies critiques pour la recherché. Pour ce débat, centre de contribution des études féministes, post-coloniales et décoloniales sur la science par rapport à la violence épistomologique. Dans ce sens la compréhension de l'inclusion et la reconnaissance des rapports de pouvoir sont considérés fondamentaux pour l'épistomologie et méthodes de recherches. Les études féministes ont développé des aspects-clés sur les réflexions des rapports de pouvoir en recherches. Dans cet article je me baserai sur les notions de situationnalité, intersection et réflexivité qui seront discutées comme exemple dans les dilemmes et paradoxes déflagrés en recherches critiques. Les aspects suscités dans cet article apportent des éléments visant l'inclusion de groupes traditionnellement exclus, mal représentés ou sous-représentés en recherches.

Impact of Childhood Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Other Adversities

Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and other adversities has been shown to have adverse effects on health and well-being not only in childhood but also throughout the lifespan. This paper focuses on the prevalence of childhood adversities including exposure to IPV. The intersection of adverse childhood experiences and IPV victimization/perpetration in adulthood is also explored. The neurobiology of trauma is discussed and by understanding the impact of trauma on health, it is hoped that enhancement of resilience is possible. Based on the identification of protective factors at the individual, familial, and community level, examples of interventions that encourage safe, stable, and nurturing relationships between parents and children are described.

Influence of Similarity of the Sheet Appearance in Multiple-Specification Drug on Taking Error / 医薬品情報学

<b>Objective: </b>Similarity in drug appearance is one of the major environmental factors influencing dispensing errors, such as picking the wrong medication (picking error).  The purpose of this study is to verify if the index values of appearance similarity calculated objectively for multiple-specification drugs are the factors of picking error.<br><b>Methods: </b>Four variables (number of total prescription, deviation of prescriptions between the specifications, sheet size, and color similarity of the sheet surface) were calculated.  The number of total prescription and deviation of prescriptions were extracted from the dispensing system.  Sheet size and color similarity were calculated, respectively, from the area ratio and by the Histogram Intersection method using the press through package (PTP) sheet image.  To evaluate the relationship between the picking error rate and these four variables, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.<br><b>Results: </b>The number of total prescription and the deviation of prescriptions were not significant factors.  In contrast, sheet size and color similarity significantly influenced the picking error rates.<br><b>Conclusion: </b>Similarity in appearance between multiple-specification drugs is a risk factor of picking error.  When the multiple-specification pair has the same sheet size or high color similarity, one needs to be caution of picking error.  Further, in the pharmaceutical industry, to reduce the risk of dispensing errors, it is desirable to carry out the devise to enhance the identity of each specification.

Meta, objeto e suas relações com a constituição do sintoma como efeito do entrecruzamento das pulsões / Goal, object and its relations with the constitution of symptom as effect of the intersection of drives

O presente artigo aborda, a partir de fragmentos de um caso clínico, a noção de sintoma e sua constituição na estrutura significante do inconsciente, discutindo a dinâmica da construção dos registros simbólico e imaginário sobre o real traumático. Para isso, fez-se necessária a articulação com as teorizações freudianas da pulsão e seus destinos, perpassando pelas relações com os conceitos de sintoma-signo e sintoma-significante, para que por fim adentrássemos na dimensão do papel do analista na experiência da clínica psicanalítica.

The present article addresses, based on fragments of a clinical case, the notion of symptom and its constitution in the significant structure of the unconscious, discussing the dynamics of the construction of symbolic and imaginary registers regarding real trauma. To do so, it is necessary to make connections with the Freudian theories of drive and its destinations, after which we examine the dimension of the analyst's roll in the clinical psychoanalyst experience.

Análisis psicométrico de la prueba de intersección de figuras (FIT) / Psychometric analysis of the figures intersection test (FIT)

Desarrollada por Juan Pascual-Leone y sus colaboradores, en el marco de su teoría de los operadores constructivos, la prueba de intersección de figuras (FIT) ha sido ampliamente utilizada en investigaciones básicas y aplicadas que tienen que ver con el desarrollo de la capacidad de memoria de trabajo, como tal y como factor que influye en el logro de aprendizaje. Este trabajo consigna los resultados del análisis psicométrico de la prueba realizado en una muestra de estudiantes colombianos. Los participantes del estudio fueron 146 estudiantes (79 niños y 67 niñas) entre los grados primero y quinto de educación básica primaria (entre 7 y 11 años de edad). Se presenta un análisis de consistencia y un modelo de predicción de la dificultad de cada ítem que se podría considerar indicador de validez de constructo. Se examinan dos escalas propuestas por el autor, así como las diferencias relacionadas con la edad y el sexo.

The figural intersection test (FIT), which was developed by Juan Pascual-Leone and his collaborators within the framework of the theory of constructive operators, has been widely used in basic and applied research concerning working memory capacity both per se and as a factor of learning.This article presents the results of a psychometric analysis of the FIT on a sample of Colombian schoolchildren. The test was applied to 146 primary school children (79 boys and 67 girls) between 1st and 5th grades (7 to 11 years old). An analysis is presented of the internal consistency and a predictive model of the difficulty of each item, which could be considered as an indicator of the construct validity of the test. The twoscoring scales proposed by the FIT author, as well as data related to age and gender differences were examined.

Temporal change in species and functional plant traits in the moist grassland on the Sete Cidades National Park, Piauí, Brazil / Mudança temporal nas espécies e atributos funcionais de plantas em campo limpo úmido de Cerrado no Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Piauí, Brasil

The present study investigated the dynamic on a short-time scale in the vegetation in moist grassland of the Sete Cidades National Park, Piauí. Herb-subshrub layer samples was carried out in July 2007, 2009 and 2011. Changes in structural, floristic and functional traits in the community were assessed by species richness, diversity and similarity indices between those periods, as well as by hierarchical classification and ordination. Cluster and Principal Component Analyses identified functional groups according to 23 species trait state. To distinguish the contribution of space and time configuration in the community structure, we used the variance partition technique. The functional groups of chamaephytes and therophytes II were associated with wetter sites, while the groups of non-tussock hemicriptophytes I, tussock hemicriptophytes (FG4), and geophytes (FG5) were associated to the drier ones. We found a non-accelerated dynamics, at least on a short-time scale, represented by some descriptors in the community, such as the close similarity between the inventories and ordering of sampling transects in moist grassland. Therefore, besides considering the partition of the temporal niche as a mechanism for the co-existence of species, the heterogeneity of space dictated by environmental filters seems to determine the stability of the this grassland communities over time.

O presente estudo investigou a dinâmica em uma curta escala de tempo na vegetação de campo limpo úmido do Parque Nacional Sete Cidades Park, Piauí. Amostragens da camada herbáceo-subarbustiva foram realizadas em julho de 2007, 2009 e 2011. Mudanças estruturais, florísticas e de atributos funcionais da comunidade foram avaliadas por índices de riqueza de espécies, diversidade e similaridade entre esses períodos, bem como por classificação hierárquica e ordenação. Análise de Componentes Principais e de Cluster identificaram grupos funcionais de acordo com 23 atributos das espécies. Para distinguir a contribuição do espaço e do tempo nas análises, usamos técnicas de partição de variância. Os grupos funcionais das caméfitas e terófitas II foram associados com os locais mais úmidos, enquanto os grupos de hemicriptófitas I não entouceiradas, hemicriptófitos entouceiradas e das geófitas (GF5) foram associados aos mais secos. Nós encontramos uma dinâmica não-acelerada, pelo menos em uma escala de curta duração, representada por alguns descritores da comunidade, tais como a similaridade entre os inventários e a ordenação dos transectos no campo limpo úmido. Assim, além de considerar a partição do nicho temporal como um mecanismo para a coexistência de espécies, a heterogeneidade do espaço ditada por filtros ambientais parece determinar a estabilidade destas comunidades campestres ao longo do tempo.

Ressonância magnética na síndrome da interseção do antebraço: ensaio iconográfico / Magnetic resonance imaging in intersection syndrome of the forearm: iconographic essay

A ressonância magnética tem papel importante na avaliação de pacientes com dor na face dorsal do antebraço distal e do punho. Entre as causas de dor destaca-se a síndrome da interseção, um processo inflamatório dos tendões do segundo compartimento extensor do antebraço (extensor radial curto do carpo e extensor radial longo do carpo), geralmente provocado por trauma local direto ou atividades repetitivas que exigem a flexão e extensão do punho. Nosso trabalho visa a ilustrar os achados típicos da síndrome da interseção do antebraço e discutir os principais diagnósticos diferenciais.

Magnetic resonance imaging plays a relevant role in the assessment of patients with pain on the dorsal aspect of the distal forearm and wrist. Among the causes of pain, intersection syndrome is highlighted, corresponding to an inflammatory process affecting the tendons of the second compartment of the forearm extensor (extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor carpi radialis longus), usually caused by direct trauma or repetitive activities requiring wrist flexion and extension. The present essay is aimed at illustrating the typical findings in intersection syndrome of the forearm and discuss the main differential diagnoses.

Implicancias psicoanalíticas en la física cuántica: efectos de sujeto del lenguaje y límites epistémicos (Segunda parte) / Psychoanalytic implications on quantum physics: effects of the subject of language and epistemic limits (Second part)

Se abordan algunas diferencias nodales entre el sujeto de la ciencia moderna y el sujeto de la ciencia contemporánea, destacando que este último origina una ruptura con la certeza y con el determinismo estricto, y una modificación en la noción de realidad, particularmente en el campo de la física cuántica. Se señala que a partir del quiebre epistémico y los límites que se presentan en la física moderna después de la formulación del “Principio de incertidumbre”, surgen efectos de sujeto ineliminables y ciertas consecuencias filosóficas, que obligan a un reposicionamiento en relación al lenguaje en el estatuto de sujeto de la ciencia. Se mencionan las dificultades que originan la observación y la medida a escala atómica y la incidencia de cierto componente de subjetividad, el cual ha suscitado ciertas derivaciones lindantes con el misticismo. Finalmente, se articulan estas cuestiones y se reflexiona sobre la noción de límites epistémicos haciendo referencia a la intersección psicoanálisis-ciencia.

We deal with some main differences betwen the subject of modern science and the subject of contemporary science indicating that the last one provokes a rupture with the certainty and with the strict determinism, and a modification in the idea of reality. We point that presently the epistemic rupture and the kind of limits that appear in the contemporary science after the formulation of the “Uncertainty principle of uncertainty”, some effects of subject that cannot be eliminated and some philosophical consequences appear, which oblige to have a new position in relation with the language in the statute of the subject in the scientific field. We mention the difficulties that cause the observation and measurement at the atomic scale and the incidence of some component of subjectivity, which has raised some derivations bordering on mysticism. Finally, we articulate these different questions and we make a reflection on the notion of epistemic limits referring to the intersection psychoanalysis- science.

Connection up- and down-regulation expression analysis of microarrays (CU-DREAM): a physiogenomic discovery tool.

Background: Many microarray experiments have been conducted during recent years, and scores of gene expression data have been archived in public databases. The use of data from multiple experiments can provide valuable information. However, there is a lack of convenient tools to compare datasets in this manner. Objective: Implement software, called CU-DREAM, to compare the datasets of two microarray experiments. CUDREAM is easy to use and compatible with Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Subjects and methods: Five experiments were used to demonstrate the functionality of CU-DREAM. These are GSE6791, GSE7803, GSE5816, GSE4246, and GSE13638 for studies of cancers and RNA interference. Results: All six showcases demonstrated the validity of the CU-DREAM approach. One showcase could confirm the regulation of genes identified in two independent experiments on cervical cancer. The statistical significance was lower compared with cervical and lung cancers. In addition, CU-DREAM could identify isoform changes in lung cancer. The last showcase demonstrated that Dicer- and Ago2-depleted cells or Dicer-depleted HeLa and HEK293 cells shared the same gene regulation pathways. CU-DREAM had seven main functions: 1) to identify genes that are up- and down-regulated in an experiment, 2) to validate significantly regulated genes using data from another experiment, 3) to determine if two different diseases have a similar effect on gene regulation, 4) to identify isoform-changed genes, 5) to determine if cells share gene regulation mechanisms, 6) to identify common gene regulation pathways even when comparing two different cell types, and 7) to identify down-stream genes that are regulated by the conditions of the analyzed experiments. Conclusion: CU-DREAM is an effective tool for the pre-screening of drugs, substances or environmental insults or the identification of the genetic changes that are associated with pathological conditions (CU-DREAM can be downloaded from: http://pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~achatcha/cu-dream).

Distal Intersection Syndrome of the Wrist: Three Cases Report

Distal intersection syndrome indicates simultaneous tenosynovitis or tendinosis of the second and third extensor compartment where extensor pollicis longus cross with the tendons of the second extensor compartment. We report three cases of distal intersection syndrome which differ from usual intersection syndrome.

Understanding of improving the quality of medical biology education / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Based on the requirement of biology education development,the article analyzes the approach to improve the teaching quality of medical biology from quality education,subjiect intercrossing or 'regression' and 'outspread',and offers new ideas for education reform and innovation of the medical biology.

Anatomical Location of the Tendinous Intersections of the Rectus Abdominis Muscle in Korean Women

PURPOSE: The transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous(TRAM) flap has become a reliable method for autogenous breast reconstruction. However, dissection of the tendinous intersections of rectus abdominis is technically difficult. The tendinous intersection has significant vascularity within its fascial layers raising in importance of technique in elevation. If tendinous intersections are damaged during the elevation of the rectus muscle, circulation to TRAM flap can be endangered. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the number of tendinous intersections and to predict anatomical position of the tendinous intersections. METHODS: We dissected 182 consecutive TRAM flaps and measured the distance between xiphoid process and each tendinous intersection and evaluated the statistic correlation among the distance, patient's height and position of umbilicus. RESULTS: In this study, in 30.7% of patients, two tendinous intersections were observed in one rectus abdominis muscle, in 67.7% three tendinous intersections, and in 1.6% four tendinous intersections, respectively. But there was no correlation between patient's height and the distance between xiphoid process and each tendinous intersection. CONCLUSION: It still remains difficult to predict the position of tendinous intersections just by topography before the dissection. Careful and meticulous dissection of the tendinous intersections is still required.

DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF SEMITENDINOSUS MUSCLE DURING ISOMETRIC KNEE FLEXIONS / 体力科学

The purpose of this study was to investigate semitendinosus muscle (ST) behavior during isometric knee flexions. Healthy male subjects were directed to exert ramp isometric knee flexion up to a maximum of eight knee flexion angles (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 degrees). Displacement of the tendinous intersection (TI) in ST was measured using ultrasonographic images. TI moved proximally 15.8±4.9mm by maximum isometric contraction at 0 degrees, and the displacement of TI was significant at over 30% ramp maximum. Maximum knee flexion torque significantly correlated to displacement of TI at every knee angle, and decreased as the flexion angle increased. These results suggested that TI moved proximally in accordance with flexion torque, and demonstrated the unique behavior of ST, that is, the proximal part concentrically contracted, whereas the distal part eccentrically contracted.