Scaling-up batch conditions for efficient sucrose hydrolysis catalyzed by an immobilized recombinant Pichia pastoris cells in a stirrer tank reactor

Background: Invert sugar is used greatly in food and pharmaceutical industries. This paper describes scaling-up batch conditions for sucrose inversion catalyzed by the recombinant Pichia pastoris BfrA4X whole cells expressing Thermotoga maritima invertase entrapped in calcium alginate beads. For the first time, we describe the application of a kinetic model to predict the fractional conversion expected during sucrose hydrolysis reaction in both, a model and a prototype bioreactor with 0.5- and 5-L working volume, respectively. Results: Different scaled-up criteria used to operate the 0.5-L bioreactor were analyzed to explore the invert sugar large scale production. After model inversion studies, a 5-L scaled-up reaction system was performed in a 7-L stirred reactor. Both scaled-up criteria, immobilized biocatalyst dosage and stirring speed, were analyzed in each type of bioreactors and the collected data were used to ensure an efficient scale-up of this biocatalyst. Conclusions: To date, there is not enough information to describe the large-scale production of invert sugar using different scaled-up criteria such as dose of immobilized biocatalyst and stirring speed effect on mass transfer. The present study results constitute a valuable tool to successfully carry out this type of high-scale operation for industrial purposes.

Standards of Multiple Electrolytic and Invert Sugar Injection Specific Prescription Evaluation Along with Analysis of Results and Clinical Improvement / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To help the clinicians use multiple electrolytic and invert sugar injection properly and normatively, the specific prescription evaluation was developed. METHODS: The team of specific prescription evaluation was organized to develop the standards by evidence-based medical research method, then 327 cases of inpatients who were administrated the medicine in January 2016 and 327 cases of June 2016 in our hospital were randomized for the systematic analysis. RESULTS: The number of irrational medical records was 87 and the rate of irrational usage was 26.6% in January 2016. Unapproved indications(23.8%), over courses treatment(24.8%), contraindication(32.7%) and inappropriate drugs combination(17.8%) were the main situations of irrational usage of drugs. After the effective intervention, the irrational rate decreased significantly to 11.9%in June 2016 with the number of irrational medical records to 39. CONCLUSION: Though the irrational clinical usage of multiple electrolytic and invert sugar injection is prevalent, it could be effectively controlled by evidence-based specific prescription evaluation.

Study on Compatible Stability of Voriconazole for Injection Combined with 2 Kinds of Injections / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the compatible stability of Voriconazole for injection after mixed with Fructose injec-tion or Invert sugar injection. METHODS:Referring to package inserts,Voriconazole for injection 200 mg was dissolved with Wa-ter for injection to 20 mL,and then combined with Fructose injection 250 mL and Invert sugar injection 250 mL,respectively. At room temperature,the appearance of mixtures were observed 0,1,2,3,4,5 h after mixing,and pH value and the number of in-soluble particles were determined;the content of voriconazole was determined by HPLC. RESULTS:Under above condition,the appearance and pH value of mixtures had no significant change within 5 h;the number of particles ≥10 μm and ≥25 μm were all in line with the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition);the relative content of voriconazole was decreasing (95.28%-100%),but it changed within ±5%(RSD<2%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:Voriconazole for injection could keep stable within 5 h after mixed with Fructose injection or Invert sugar injection.

Effects of administration of invert sugar on the glucose levels in patients in neurosurgical intensive care unit / 重庆医学

Objective To compare the effects of invert sugar versus 10% glucose on the blood glucose concentrations of patients in neurosurgical intensive care unit .Methods This is a prospective ,randomized ,double blind and compared study .A total of 40 in-sulin-requiring neurosurgical critical patients were randomized to receive intravenous ,1 000 mL ,either 10% invert sugar (experi-mental group) or 10% glucose(control group) on their first day when they were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU ) .Blood glucose concentrations were measured every four hours and liver and kidney function indicators were recorded respectively .We’ve also compared the difference of the blood glucose concentrations changes between the two groups .Results There were significant differences in the glucose concentration between the two treatment groups (P<0 .05) ,whereas no significant differences in the inci-dences of hypoglycemia ,renal failure and hepatic damage were observed .No allergic reactions were found in both groups .Conclusion 10% invert sugar is a better choice for neurosurgical critical patients who need regular insulin infusion to control blood glucose .

Effects of nitrogen treatments and harvesting stages on the aconitic acid, invert sugar and fiber in sweet sorghum cultivars.

Sweet sorghum is adapted to the hot and dry climatic conditions and its tolerance to slat is moderately. It can be used for different products such as food, feed, fiber and fuel. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects, three nitrogen treatments, and three harvesting stages on the aconitic acid, fiber and invert sugar of three sweet sorghum cultivars in the experimental station and the results showed that the effects were significant. Among nitrogen treatments, application of 100 kg ha-1 urea at planting and 200 kg ha-1 urea at 4 leaf stage had the highest aconitic acid (0.26%) and invert sugar (3.44%). Among sweet sorghum cultivars, IS2325 and Vespa had the highest aconitic acid (0.26%) and invert sugar (3.86%), respectively. Plant harvested at 4 leaf stage had the highest aconitic acid (0.26%) and the highest invert sugar (3.85%). Rio had higher fiber content than Vespa and IS2325 and all cultivars had the highest fiber content before chilling harvesting stage. In general, since high invert sugar and high aconitic acid interfere crystallization of sugar so, it is suggested that to plant Vespa, apply urea 100 kg ha-1 urea at planting, 100 kg ha-1 urea at 4 leaf stage and 100 kg ha-1 urea at booting and harvested before chilling that had lowest aconitic acid and invert sugar. Thereby, it is recommended to plant Vespa, apply urea 100 kg ha-1 urea at planting, 100 kg ha-1 urea at 4 leaf stage and 100 kg ha-1 urea at booting and harvested at 4 leaf stage that had the highest aconitic acid.

Inverted sugar syrup attained from sucrose hydrolysis using a membrane reactor / Xarope de açúcar invertido obtido a partir de hidrólise da sacarose utilizando um reator com membrana

Invertase, whether adsorbed on styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers or otherwise, was used for continuous sucrose hydrolysis using a cell-type membrane reactor (CTMR), coupled with an ultra (UF-100kDa), or a microfiltration (MF- pore diameter of 5 µm) membrane. In all tests, the pH (5.5), temperature (30 ºC), reaction volume (10 mL) and agitation (100 rpm) were set constant; whereas, variable parameters were: feeding rate (0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 h-1), inlet sucrose concentration (2.5, 6.5, 50 and 100 mM) and enzyme/resin ratio (1.64 mg or 3.28 mg of protein per 25, 50 or 100 mg of resin). The best result (yield of 100 percent, steady-state duration over 20h and specific reaction rate over 243 x 10-3 mmol/h.mE) was obtained when insoluble invertase (1.64 mg protein/100 mg resin) was used to convert 50 mM or 100 mM of sucrose solution at 0.4 h-1 using a UF-CTMR.

Invertase, na forma adsorvida ou não em copolímeros de estireno-divinilbenzeno, foi usada para a hidrólise contínua de sacarose utilizando um reator com membrana (RM), acoplado a uma membrana de ultrafiltração (UF-100kDa), ou de microfiltração (MF - um diâmetro de poro de 5µm). Em todos os testes, o pH (5,5), a temperatura (30ºC), o volume reacional (10mL) e a agitação (100 rpm) foram mantidas constantes; os parâmetros variados foram: a vazão de alimentação (0,4; 0,8 e 1,6 h-1), a concentração de sacarose alimentada (2,5; 6,5; 50 e 100 mM) e a relação enzima/resina (1,64 mg ou 3,28 mg de proteína por 25, 50 ou 100 mg de resina). O melhor resultado (um rendimento de 100 por cento, um período de estado estacionário acima de 20h e uma taxa de reação específica maior de 243 x 10-3 mmol/h.mE) foi obtido quando a invertase insolúvel (1,64 mg de proteína/100 de mg resina) foi usado para converter 50 mM ou 100 mM de solução de sacarose a 0,4 h-1 usando UF-RM.