Comparative Effects of Dynamic Stretching and Ice Bag Application On the Physical Performance in Recreational Basketball Players: A Randomized Crossover Study

Introduction: Researchers found that cryotherapy at the ankle joint heightened adjacent muscle activity and reflex amplitude, which facilitated greater force production at the ankle complex. Furthermore, cryotherapy appears to increase musculoarticular stiffness, which has been associated with heightened muscular performance at a joint. Aim and objective: the aim of the study is to examine the influence of dynamic stretching and IBA technique on the physical performance. Methodology: Total 20 healthy male basketball athletes encompassing two groups participated in the current study. The study consisted of two groups, Group A (ice bag application) and Group B (dynamic stretching). Cold compress was applied over the anterior thigh, posterior thigh, and calf. Subjects were assigned to Group A, and Group B, using Convenience sampling method. Each candidate performed the 5 minutes of jogging before taking intervention. All subjects performed three functional performance tests: Vertical Jump Test, Agility T-test & 20-meter sprint. Each participant attended an orientation session to become familiar with the testing procedures. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups and exposed to a crossover study design. The experiment was performed on two separate occasions whereby one group received the dynamic stretching in the first session, while the other group uses the cryotherapy first. After 48 hours, (cooling session) on the next occasion, the groups were changed and the second group receives the cryotherapy, while the first group performs dynamic stretching. On both occasions, the dynamic stretching and cryotherapy interventions were the same. Between the sessions, the subjects will not allow to participate in any kind of vigorous physical activity. Results: The present study showed an increase in performance of recreational Basketball players by the combination of 5 minutes of warm up plus 6 min of dynamic stretching on the vertical jump height and 20-meter sprint

Efecto de diferentes tipos de entrenamiento físico en la altura de salto de gimnastas: meta-análisis / Effect of different types of physical training on gymnastics jump height: meta-analysis

Resumen Ulloa-Sánchez, P., y Hernández Elizondo, J. (2021). Efecto de diferentes tipos de entrenamiento físico en la altura de salto de gimnastas: meta-análisis. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-35. El principal objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de diferentes tipos de entrenamiento físico en la altura de salto de gimnastas bajo la metodología de meta-análisis. Se siguieron los lineamientos PRISMA; las bases de datos electrónicas consultadas en la búsqueda fueron EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, E-Journals, OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson), Web of Science, Scopus, SciencDirect, Research Gate y Pubmed para identificar los artículos relevantes que investigaron la aplicación de un entrenamiento físico y evaluaron la altura salto en gimnastas antes y después de la intervención. Después del proceso de selección de estudios, y a partir de los criterios de inclusión, se codificaron 29 estudios individuales y se codificaron 157 tamaños de efecto (TE) individuales. La muestra total de sujetos fue 688 gimnastas. El grupo experimental mostró un TE global de bajo a moderado y significativo (TE = 0.33, . <0 .001*). Se evidenció una diferencia significativa (. = 0.001*) entre los tipos de entrenamiento; el análisis Post Hoc mostró que el TE global del entrenamiento de pliometría (TE = 0.85, . <0.001*) fue mayor al de estiramiento (TE = -0.07, . = 0.56) y "otros" (TE = 0.48, . < 0.001*), pero no al de vibración (TE = 0.54, . < 0.001*); además, el TE global de tipo de estiramiento fue significativamente menor a todos los tipos de entrenamiento. Se concluyó que el tipo de entrenamiento que mostró el mayor TE global fue pliometría, seguido por el entrenamiento en plataforma vibratoria. Parece que el estiramiento no se relaciona significativamente con la altura de salto de gimnastas.

Abstract Ulloa-Sánchez, P., & Hernández Elizondo, J. (2021). Effect of different types of physical training on gymnastics jump height: meta-analysis. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-35. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of different types of physical training on gymnastics jump height under the meta-analysis methodology. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The electronic databases used in the search were EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, E-Journals, OmniFile Full Text Select (HW Wilson), Web of Science, Scopus, SciencDirect, Research Gate, and Pubmed in order to identify relevant articles regarding the use of physical training and the assessment of jump height in gymnasts before and after intervention. Based on the inclusion criteria, 29 individual studies and 157 individual effect sizes (TE) were coded. The total sample included 688 gymnasts. The overall TE of the experimental group was low to moderate and significant (TE = 0.33, . < 0.001*). A significant difference was evidenced (p = 0.001*) between the types of training. The Post Hoc analysis showed that the global TE of plyometrics training (TE = 0.85, . < 0.001*) was higher than that of stretching (TE = -0.07, . = 0.56) and "others" (TE = 0.48, . < 0.001*), but not than vibration (TE = 0.54, . < 0.001*). Furthermore, the overall TE of stretching was significantly lower than all the other types of training. It was concluded that the type of training with the highest overall TE was plyometrics, followed by vibrational platform training. Stretching does not appear to be significantly related to gymnastics jump height.

Resumo Ulloa-Sánchez, P., e Hernández Elizondo, J. (2021). Efeito de diferentes tipos de treinamento físico na altura do salto de ginastas: metanálise. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(1), 1-35. Este estudo teve como principal objetivo determinar o efeito de diferentes tipos de treinamento físico na altura de salto de ginastas, por meio da metodologia de metanálise. Foram seguidas as diretrizes do PRISMA e consultadas, na busca, as bases de dados eletrônicas: EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, E-Journals, OmniFile Full Text Select (HW Wilson), Web of Science, Scopus, SciencDirect, Research Gate e Pubmed, para identificar artigos relevantes que investigaram a aplicação de um treinamento físico e avaliaram a altura do salto em ginastas antes e depois da intervenção. Após o processo de seleção dos estudos e com base nos critérios de inclusão, foram codificados 29 estudos individuais e 157 tamanhos do efeito (TE) individuais. A amostra total de sujeitos foi de 688 ginastas. O grupo experimental apresentou um TE global de baixo a moderado e significativo (TE = 0,33, . < 0,001*). Diferença significativa (. = 0,001*) entre os tipos de treinamento; a análise Post Hoc mostrou que o TE global do treinamento de pliometria (TE = 0,85, . < 0,001*) foi maior do que o do alongamento (TE = -0,07, p = 0,56) e "outros" (TE = 0,48, . < 0,001 *), mas não maior do que o de vibração (TE = 0,54, . < 0,001 *); além disso, o TE global de tipo de alongamento foi significativamente menor do que todos os tipos de treinamento. Concluiu-se, portanto, que o tipo de treinamento que apresentou o maior TE geral foi o de pliometria, seguida do treinamento em plataforma vibracional. O alongamento não parece estar significativamente relacionado à altura de salto de ginastas.

Reliability and sensitivity of countermovement jump-derived variables in detecting different fatigue levels / Reprodutibilidade e sensibilidade das variáveis derivadas do salto com contra movimento na detecção de diferentes níveis de fadiga

ABSTRACT The aim was to verify the reliability and sensitivity of countermovement jump (CMJ) derived variables in detecting small, moderate and large changes and whether the capacity of CMJ-derived variables in detecting fatigue is dependent of the volume of the fatiguing exercise. Seventeen physically active men performed two fatigue protocols, on separate weeks, composed by continuous vertical jumps: short protocol (7 x 10 jumps) and long protocol (14 x 10 jumps). Jump height (JH), power output (PO), impulse (IMP) and vertical stiffness (KVERT) were measured during CMJ prior to and immediately after the fatigue protocols. Intraclass coefficient correlation, typical error, smallest worthwhile change and magnitude-based inference were analyzed. PO and JH presented excellent reliability and good sensitivity to detect small and medium changes, respectively. Negative effects of fatigue could be detected most likely by PO, regardless of fatiguing exercise volume. JH and IMP seem to be affected only after long protocol and KVERT only after short protocol. In conclusion, PO (peak and mean) is the better marker in CMJ with excellent reliability and sensibility, which allows detect even the small effects and differentiate the fatigue levels.

RESUMO O objetivo foi verificar a reprodutibilidade e a sensibilidade de variáveis derivadas do salto com contra movimento (CMJ) na detecção de pequenas, moderadas e grandes alterações e se a capacidade das variáveis em detectar fadiga é dependente do volume do exercício fatigante. Dezessete homens fisicamente ativos realizaram dois protocolos de fadiga, em semanas separadas, compostos por saltos verticais contínuos: protocolo curto (7 x 10 saltos) e protocolo longo (14 x 10 saltos). A altura do salto (JH), a potência (PO), o impulso (IMP) e a rigidez vertical (KVERT) foram mensurados durante o CMJ antes e imediatamente após os protocolos de fadiga. Foram avaliados o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse, erro típico de medida, mínima mudança valiosa e magnitude baseada em inferência. PO e JH apresentaram excelente reprodutibilidade e boa sensibilidade para detectar pequenas e médias alterações, respectivamente. Os efeitos da fadiga podem ser detectados mais provavelmente pela PO, independentemente do volume de exercício fatigante. JH e IMP parecem ser afetados somente após protocolo longo e KVERT somente após protocolo curto. Em conclusão, PO (pico e média) é o um marcador melhor durante o CMJ com excelente reprodutibilidade e sensibilidade, o que permite detectar até mesmo pequenos efeitos e diferenciar níveis de fadiga.

Influence of the torque generating capacity of the lower extremity muscles on the running and jump performance in primary and junior high school boys / 体力科学

This study aimed to determine the relationships between the torque generating capacity of the lower extremity muscles and either running or jump performance in primary and junior high school boys. A total of 102 primary and junior high school boys participated in this study. Muscle thicknesses (MTs) of the knee extensors and plantar flexors were determined using ultrasonography. Muscle volumes (MVs) of the knee extensors and plantar flexors were estimated using MTs and limb lengths. The isometric joint torques (TQs) for knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors were measured using myometer. MV and TQ were divided by body mass (MV/BM and TQ/BM, respectively). Running velocity was measured using a non-motorized treadmill. The counter movement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) were performed on a matswitch system. The flight time was measured and used to calculate the heights of CMJ and SJ using the following equation; height (cm) = g × (flight time)² /8/10. As the result of multiple regression analysis, age, MV/BM and TQ/BM were selected as predictors of running velocity in the primary school boys, whereas TQ and lean body mass in junior high school boys. In the primary school boys, TQ/BM and body fat mass was selected as significant contributors for SJ and CMJ performances, whereas, in the junior high school boys, TQ and the percent of body fat for SJ performance and MV/BM and TQ for CMJ performance. Thus, the present results indicate that the relationships between torque generating capacity of the lower extremity muscles and either running or jump performance differ between primary and junior high school boys. It may be assumed that, for running and jump performances, muscle mass and strength become determinant factors in junior high school boys, whereas their values relative to body mass in primary school boys.