Study on method of breaking dormancy and improving vitality in seeds of Oxytropis falcata / 中草药

Objective: To break the dormancy of Oxytropis falcata seeds and improve the seed vigor. Methods: The physical and chemical methods were used to break the hard seeds, and the exogenous chemicals were used to improve the seed vigor. Results: The 1000-seed weight was 1.239 g, and the seed hardiness rate was as high as 90.67%. After 8 min of treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid, the seeds were activated by CTK + KNO3 combination. The germination rate was up to 82.7%, the germination potential was up to 68.0%, and the germination time was 2 d earlier than the control group. Conclusion: After treated with concentrated sulfuric acid for 8 min, treated with 170 mg/L CTK for 12 h, then soaked in 2% KNO3 for 12 h, the germination rate and uniformity of seeds can be greatly improved.

Effect of Foliar Nutrition on Water Potential, Photosynthetic Rate, Dry Matter Production and Yield of Mung Bean Under Receding Soil Moisture Condition.

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2012-13 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur, with an aim to find out the effect of foliar nutrition on water potential, photosynthetic rate, dry matter production and yield of mung bean under receding soil moisture conditions in split plot design with irrigation and no irrigation as main treatments and foliar sprays as sub treatments. Under receding soil moisture condition (moisture stress) KNO3 @ 1% proved superior over other foliar sprays by recording more plant height, leaf area, shoot dry weight, and photosynthetic rate by maintaining high chlorophyll content, high proline and high leaf water potential. KNO3 @ 1% gave higher yields under receding soil moisture condition compared to other foliar sprays. Under irrigated conditions urea @ 2% recorded higher yield. Among all treatments controlled (no spray) under unirrigated conditions recorded lower yields due to moisture stress and nutrient deficiency.

In Vitro Regeneration from Shoot Tip and Nodal Explants of Simarouba Glauca DC, a Promising Biodiesel Tree.

An efficient regeneration protocol was developed from shoot tip and nodal explants of Simarouba glauca DC, a promising biodiesel plant. Nodal explants appeared to have better regeneration capacity than shoot tip explants (40%) in the tested media. The highest regeneration frequency (90%) and shoot number (7.00 ± 1.00 shoots per explants) were obtained in nodal explants in Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) 4.43 μM and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) 5.36 μM.Induced shoot buds were multiplied and elongated on the MS medium supplemented with BAP (4.44 μM), NAA (5.36 μM) and TDZ (Thidiazuron) 2.27 μM with 9.66±0.33 (mean length 5.35±0.32 cm) and 9.00±0.57 (mean length 4.51±0.15cm) shoots using nodal segments and shoot tip explants, respectively. Halfstrength woody plant medium (WPM) containing 2.46μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) produced the maximum number of roots (6.00±1.15). The rooted plantlets were hardened on MS basal liquid medium and subsequently in polycups containing sterile soil and vermiculite (1:1) and successfully established in pots.

Efeito do condicionamento osmótico e sombreamento na germinação e no crescimento inicial das mudas de angico (Anadenanthera falcata Benth. Speg. ) / Osmotic conditioning and light on seed germination and growth of seedlings Anadenanthera falcata Benth. Speg

Devido à devastação de áreas do Cerrado, muitas espécies nativas encontram-se ameaçadas de extinção e devido à ampla utilização de Anadenanthera falcata, estudos sobre a ecofisiologia da germinação e do crescimento das mudas tornam-se necessários. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito do condicionamento osmótico e do sombreamento na germinação e no crescimento inicial de mudas de angico. As sementes foram pré-embebidas em soluções de diferentes concentrações de PEG e KNO3 e incubadas em temperatura de 10°C e 20°C durante 12 e 24 horas. Após estes períodos as sementes foram secas até atingirem os teores iniciais de umidade, sendo posteriormente colocadas para germinar em BOD na temperatura de 20-30°C em regime fotoperiódico de 8h luz e 16h de escuro. O tratamento testemunha e os pré-condicionamentos com KNO3 (-1,0 MPa) e PEG (-1,0 MPa) proporcionaram os melhores resultados de germinação em BOD. As sementes foram semeadas em bandejas e posteriormente transplantadas para embalagens plásticas, permanecendo sob telado coberto com sombrite de 50% e 70% de sombreamento e a pleno sol. Em BOD, os tratamentos de osmo-condicionamento, reduziram de forma negativa a germinação das sementes. Sob sombreamento, as doses avaliadas não influenciaram na emergência do angico, entretanto, sementes tratadas com KNO3 (-1,0 MPa) tiveram maior índice de velocidade de emergência sob pleno sol apresentando melhor desenvolvimento quando mantidas até os 145 dias de idade.

Due to the devastation of the Cerrado areas, many native species are threatened with extinction, and due to the widespread use of Anadenanthera falcata, studies on the ecophysiology of seed germination and seedling growth are necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the priming and shading effects on the germination and early growth of angico seedlings. The seeds were pre-soaked in solutions with different concentrations of PEG and KNO3 and incubated at 10°C and 20°C for 12 and 24 hours. After these periods the seeds were dried until reaching the initial moisture levels, and subsequently incubated in BOD at the temperature of 20-30°C under photoperiods of 8h of light and 16h of dark. The control treatment and pre-conditioning with KNO3 (-1.0 MPa) and PEG (-1.0 MPa) presented the best germination results in BOD. The seeds were sown in trays and then transplanted to plastic packages, remaining in a greenhouse covered with 50% and 70% shading, in full sun. In BOD, the priming treatments decreased the germination of seeds. Under shade, the doses evaluated did not affect the emergence of angico, however, seeds treated with KNO3 (-1.0 MPa) had a greater EVI, in full sun and showed a better development when maintained up to 145 days of age.

Biorregulador e pré-condicionamento osmótico na germinação de sementes e no crescimento inicial da muda de carobinha (Jacaranda decurrens subsp. symmetrifoliolata Farias & Proença) - Bignoniaceae / Bioregulator and priming on seed germination and initial growth of "carobinha" (Jacaranda decurrens subsp. symmetrifoliolata Farias & Proença - Bignoniaceae) seedlings

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de tratamentos pré-germinativos na emergência das plantas e no crescimento inicial das mudas de Jacaranda decurrens subsp. symmetrifoliolata Farias & Proença. Foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro, as sementes, separadas em claras e escuras, foram submetidas aos tratamentos pré-germinativos: 1) KNO3 (20000 mg L-1); 2) ácido giberélico (GA3) 50 mg L-1, 3) GA3 100 mg L-1 4) GA3 200 mg L-1; 5) Stimulate 5 mL 0,5 kg-1 de sementes; 6) Stimulate 10 mL 0,5 kg-1 de sementes; 7) água 24 horas; 8) testemunha. A semeadura foi realizada em bandejas de células preenchidas com substrato terra + substrato comercial. Os cinco melhores tratamentos foram selecionados para avaliação do crescimento da muda. As plantas com 120 dias de idade provenientes dos seguintes tratamentos: 3) GA 100 mg L-1 4) GA 200 mg L-1; 5) Stimulate 5 mL 0,5 Kg-1 de sementes 6) Stimulate 10 mL 0,5 Kg-1 de sementes e 8) Testemunha, foram transplantadas para embalagens de plástico de 3 Kg com substrato terra + areia + cama-de-frango (1:1:1 - v:v), mantidas em sombreamento de 50 por cento e avaliadas aos 70, 130, 170 e 210 dias após o transplante. Em geral, as sementes claras apresentaram maior germinabilidade e índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) em relação às sementes escuras. Entretanto, as plantas provenientes dessas sementes apresentaram menor crescimento do que as plantas provenientes das sementes escuras. No segundo experimento as sementes foram pré-embebidas em solução de: 1) PEG 6000 (-1,0 MPa); 2) PEG 6000 (-1,0 MPa) + KNO3 (20000 mg L-1) (-1,0 MPa); 3) KNO3 (20000 mg L-1) (-1,0 MPa); 4) Água e 5) água deionizada, e incubadas em BOD a 10ºC e 20ºC durante 0 (controle), 6, 12 e 24 horas. Após esses períodos elas foram secas em ambiente de laboratório até atingirem a massa apresentada antes do condicionamento e, posteriormente, incubadas em BOD a 20-30ºC com 8 h escuro e 12 h de luz. Os tratamentos pré-germinativos não interferiram na vitalidade e no vigor das sementes osmocondicionadas por até 12 horas. Não houve diferença entre as temperaturas de 10 e 20ºC para germinabilidade (60 por cento) e IVG, porém a temperatura de 10ºC originou plântulas com maior massa fresca (95,7 mg) e comprimento médio de raiz (3,2 cm) e de parte aérea (2,6 cm). O osmocondicionamento por 24 horas causou redução na qualidade das sementes e vigor das plântulas.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of pregerminative treatments on the emergence and initial growth of Jacaranda decurrens subsp. symmetrifoliolata Farias & Proença seedlings. Two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, seeds were separated into light and dark seeds and were subjected to the following pregerminative treatments: 1) KNO3 (20000 mg L-1); 2) Gibberellic acid (GA3) 50 mg L-1, 3) GA3 100 mg L-1 4) GA3 200 mg L-1; 5) Stimulate 5 mL 0.5 kg-1 seeds; 6) Stimulate 10 mL 0.5 kg-1 seeds; 7) Water 24h; and 8) Control. The sowing was performed on polystyrene trays filled with land + commercial substrate. The five best treatments were selected to evaluate seedling growth. Plants aged 120 days from treatments 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 were transplanted to plastic bags (3kg) filled with land + sand + poultry manure (1:1:1 - v:v), kept under 50 percent shading and evaluated at 70, 130, 170 and 210 days after transplanting. In general, light seeds had higher germinability and germination speed index (GSI) than the dark ones. However, the plants obtained from these seeds had lower growth than plants from dark seeds. In the second experiment, seeds were primed in the solutions: 1) PEG 6000 (-1.0 MPa); 2) PEG 6000 (-1.0 MPa) + KNO3 (20000 mg L-1) (-1.0 MPa); 3) KNO3 (20000 mg L-1) (-1.0 MPa); 4) Water; and 5) Deionized water, and incubated in a BOD chamber at 10 and 20ºC for 0 (control), 6, 12 and 24h. Then, seeds were dried at room temperature until reaching the matter presented before priming and incubated in a BOD chamber at 20-30ºC with 8h dark - 12h light. The pregerminative treatments did not interfere with the vitality and vigor of seeds primed for up to 12h. There was no difference between 10 and 20ºC for germinability (60 percent) and GSI. However, the temperature of 10ºC led seedlings to present higher fresh matter (95.7 mg) and mean root (3.2 cm) and shoot (2.6 cm) length. Priming for 24h decreased seed quality and seedling vigor.