Factores socioculturales que influyen en las usuarias de 50 años para la toma de Papanicolaou de un Hospital Nasca

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los factores socioculturales en usuarias de 50 años para la toma de Papanicolaou en el hospital Ricardo Cruzado Rivarola de Nasca durante el periodo Diciembre 2021 - Febrero 2022. Materiales y métodos : Realizamos un estudio observacional, analítica, y prospectivo. La población de estudio está constituida por 80 usuarias de 50 años que acuden al hospital Ricardo Cruzado Rivarola para controles de Papanicolaou al consultorio de Ginecología-Obstetricia. La muestra estuvo conformada por 67 usuarias, seleccionadas por muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Resultados: Para el primer análisis, en la regresión simple, se encontró que las mujeres con nivel de conocimientos altos tenían 153% mayor frecuencia de haberse realizado alguna vez un pap y las mujeres con nivel de conocimientos altos tenían 384% mayor frecuencia de haberse realizado alguna vez un PAP, en comparación a quienes tenían un nivel de conocimientos bajo. Luego, en la regresión múltiple se observó que las mujeres con nivel de conocimientos altos tenían 382% mayor frecuencia de haberse realizado alguna vez un PAP, en comparación a quienes tenían un nivel de conocimientos bajo. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento sobre el PAP influye de una manera relevante al haberse realizado un PAP; pero además las mujeres que tuvieron mayor educación fueron las que tuvieron mayor frecuencia de haberlo realizado. Esto sumado a la cantidad de hijos; posiblemente porque en los círculos de mujeres con hijos uno de los temas a tratar es sobre la salud materna y dentro ellos el PAP.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the sociocultural factors in 50-year-old users for pap smears at the Ricardo Cruzado Rivarola de Nasca Hospital during the period December 2021 - February 2022. Material and methods: Observational, analytical, and prospective study. The study population is made up of 80 50-year-old users who attend the Ricardo Cruzado Rivarola Hospital for PAP tests at the gynecology-obstetrics office and the sample is 67 users, selected by non-probabilistic sampling for convenience. Results: For the first analysis, in simple and multiple regression, it was found that women with high levels of knowledge had a 384% and 382% higher frequency of having ever undergone a PAP test compared to those with low levels of knowledge. Conclusions: The level of knowledge about the PAP has a relevant influence on having carried out a PAP; but also the women who had a high level were the ones who had the highest frequency of having done it. This added to the number of children; possibly because in the circles of women with children one of the topics to be discussed is about maternal health and within them the PAP.

Knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 infection and anxiety levels of Nigerian youths regarding the COVID-19 pandemic

Objectives@#Youths can function as agents of change by disseminating essential information, but they are also considered a vulnerable group in the COVID-19 pandemic. Literature on COVID-related knowledge, attitude, and anxiety has not focused comprehensively on youths. This study assesses the knowledge, attitudes, and anxiety level of youths in eastern Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic.@*Methods@#We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using an online survey among young people between the ages of 18 and 35 years in southeastern Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed data using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 software. We used descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to measure the associations. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant at a 95 percent confidence level.@*Results@#We included 397 participants. Majority of the study participants (88%) had a high level of knowledge about COVID-19. Around 68% showed a good attitude toward COVID-19 prevention, overall low anxiety related to the COVID-19 pandemic was proportionally higher at 57.43%. Knowledge and educational level were statistically significantly associated with anxiety levels related to the COVID-19 pandemic. @*Conclusion@#The young adults had a good knowledge of the COVID-19 transmission and symptoms, positive attitude, and low anxiety levels. Those with higher educational levels had good knowledge and lower anxiety level. Public health and mental health experts can use this material to help reduce high levels of anxiety among the vulnerable population affected by the pandemic.

EXAMINATION OF HYPERTENSION KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF HYPERTENSION PATIENTS, TURKEY

Hypertenson s a global health problem that causes sgnfcant morbdty and mortalty. The am of the study s to determne the hypertenson knowledge level of hypertenson patents. Ths descrptve study s carred on wth 207 patents who appled to a prvate medcal clnc n Ankara, Turkey between January and March 2022. A sem-structured ntervew method was employed n the study to collect data. The questonnare contans two sectons. In the frst secton, the Socodemographc characterstcs form,, and n the second secton, Hypertenson Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS) are used. The data were analyzed wth the SPSS 21.0. The age range of the patents partcpatng n the study vares between 18-73 years, and the mean age s 54.3±4.2. Among the partcpants, 53.1% of them are women, and 70.5% of them are marred. The HK- LS average of the partcpants s found (16.3±3.45). As a result, the hypertenson knowledge level of the patents s found to be hgh n the study. The hypertenson knowledge level s hgher among the young than the elderly, those who pay regular vsts to doctors than those who do not, and unversty graduates compared to prmary school graduates. In order to ncrease the patents' knowledge level, t s beleved that t wll be useful to offer tranng and organze semnars, especally for the elderly, prmary school graduates, and those who do not pay regular vsts to doctors.

Factores que influyen en la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes hipertensos / Factor that Influence Therapeutic Adherence in Hypertensive Patients

Introducción: En el mundo, la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial oscila entre 30 y 45 por cientro, independiente de la zona geográfica o el nivel económico del país. Objetivo: Identificar los factores que influyen en la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes hipertensos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico transversal. La población contó con 105 pacientes hipertensos pertenecientes al consultorio #16 del municipio Marianao. Se estudiaron variables demográficas y epidemiológicas, el nivel de conocimientos sobre hipertensión arterial y la adherencia terapéutica. La prueba de Chi cuadrado de tendencia lineal se utilizó para variables categóricas nominales y ordinales, y la prueba D de Somers para las ordinales. Se aplicó el modelo de regresión logística ordinal para identificar variables predictoras de una adherencia total. Resultados: La media de edad de la población estudiada fue de 67,1 ± 12,1. Predominó el sexo femenino, con 67 (63,2 por ciento). Los pacientes casados predominaron con 52 pacientes (49,1 por ciento). Se evidenció una relación entre el estado civil y el nivel de adherencia terapéutica (p = 0,035). Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa con el nivel de adherencia terapéutica, para el nivel de conocimiento adecuado sobre HTA (p = 0,035) y el tiempo de diagnosticada la enfermedad (p = 0,030). Conclusiones: Se obtuvo como resultado inesperado un predominio del color de piel blanca. El estado civil, el tiempo de tener hipertensión y el nivel de conocimientos presentaron relación con la adherencia terapéutica(AU)

ntroduction: The worldwide prevalence of arterial hypertension ranges between 30 percent and 45 percent, regardless of geographical area or economic level of any country. Objective: To identify the factors that influence therapeutic adherence in hypertensive patients. Methods: An observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out. The population was made up of 105 hypertensive patients belonging to the family medical office # 16 of Marianao Municipality. We studied demographic and epidemiological variables, as well as the level of knowledge about arterial hypertension and therapeutic adherence. The chi-square test of linear trend was used for nominal and ordinal categorical variables, together with Somers's D test for ordinal variables. The ordinal logistic regression model was applied to identify predictive variables of total adherence. Results: The mean age of the studied population was 67.1±12.1 years. The female sex predominated, with 67 (63.2 percent). Married patients predominated, with 52 patients (49.1 percent). A relationship was evidenced between marital status and the level of therapeutic adherence (P=0.035). A statistically significant relationship was found between the level of therapeutic adherence and 1) the level of adequate knowledge about hypertension (P=0.035) and 2) the time of diagnosis of the disease (P=0.030). Conclusions: There was a predominance of patients with white skin was obtained, as an unexpected result. Marital status, hypertension onset time and level of knowledge were related to therapeutic adherence(AU)

Conocimientos sobre factores de riesgos y medidas de autocuidado en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con úlcera neuropática / Knowledge about risk factors and self-care measures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with neuropathic ulcer / Conhecimento sobre fatores de risco e medidas de autocuidado em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 com úlcera neuropática

RESUMEN Introducción: El conocimiento sobre los factores de riesgo y las medidas de autocuidado en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus se considera un elemento esencial en su tratamiento. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos sobre factores de riesgos y medidas de autocuidado en pacientes con diabetes mellitus con úlcera neuropática. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo trasversal en 135 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con úlcera neuropática pertenecientes a dos consultorios del médico de familia del Policlínico Universitario "Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo" de Sancti Spíritus en el período de noviembre de 2018 a noviembre de 2019. Las variables estudiadas, fueron: edad, sexo, nivel de conocimientos sobre los factores de riesgo y medidas de autocuidado. Resultados: Los resultados agrupados en forma de tablas mostraron un predominio de los pacientes del sexo femenino con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de 60-70 años. El inadecuado nivel de conocimientos de los factores de riesgo más sobresaliente fue el antecedente de la enfermedad cardiovascular. Las medidas de autocuidado más conocida fue mantener el tratamiento para la diabetes mellitus. Conclusiones: En la investigación predominó el sexo femenino de 60-71 años. El nivel de desconocimientos que predominó fue la historia familiar de la diabetes mellitus, así como mayor nivel de desconocimiento en las medidas a tener en cuenta para el autocuidado en la práctica de aseo corporal.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Knowledge concerning risk factors and self-care methods in patients with diabetes mellitus is considered an essential element in their effective treatment. Objective: To assess the knowledge level concerning risk factors and self-care methods in patients with diabetes mellitus and neuropathic ulcer. Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 135 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and neuropathic ulceration from November 2018 to November 2019. All patients registered in two different family doctor's office associated to the Policlínico Universitario "Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo" in Sancti Spíritus. Variables studied were: age, sex, knowledge level concerning risk factors and self-care methods. Results: The outcomes were summarized on a table to be assessed, which revealed female sex patients aged 60 to 70 years as predominant to suffer type 2 diabetes mellitus. An inadequate knowledge concerning the most outstanding risk factors was the cause of arising cardiovascular disease. The most well-known self-care measure was to maintain an effective treatment for diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: Female sex patients aged 60 to 71 years were most assessed being predominant. The most predominant aspects of ignorance found in the study were the family history associated to diabetes mellitus and the ignorance related to self-care measures, mainly on the practice of personal hygiene.

RESUMO Introdução: O conhecimento dos fatores de risco e das medidas de autocuidado em pacientes com diabetes mellitus é considerado um elemento essencial em seu tratamento. Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento sobre fatores de risco e medidas de autocuidado em pacientes com diabetes mellitus com úlcera neuropática. Método: Estudo transversal descritivo realizado em 135 pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 com úlcera neuropática pertencentes a dois consultórios do médico de família da Policlínica Universitária "Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo" de Sancti Spíritus no período de novembro de 2018 a novembro de 2019. As variáveis ​​estudadas foram: idade, sexo, nível de conhecimento sobre fatores de risco e medidas de autocuidado. Resultados: Os resultados agrupados em forma de tabelas mostraram predomínio de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 do sexo feminino na faixa etária de 60 a 70 anos. O nível inadequado de conhecimento dos fatores de risco mais destacados era o histórico de doenças cardiovasculares. As medidas de autocuidado mais conhecidas foram a manutenção do tratamento para diabetes mellitus. Conclusões: Na investigação prevaleceu o sexo feminino de 60 a 71 anos. O nível de desconhecimento prevalente foi a história familiar de diabetes mellitus, bem como maior grau de desconhecimento nas medidas a serem levadas em consideração para o autocuidado na prática da higiene corporal.

Nivel de aprendizaje sobre traumatismos dentoalveolares en estudiantes del último año de la carrera de odontología / Level of learning on dentoalveolar trauma in students at the final year of the dentistry career

En la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, en la asignatura Clínica Integral para Niños y Adolescentes, los estudiantes del último año de la Carrera de Odontología realizan procedimientos clínicos y prácticos indispensables en la atención inicial de las urgencias en niños y adolescentes, restituyendo la integridad coronaria en lesiones producidas por traumatismos en piezas primarias y permanentes. Estudios publicados sobre la temática refieren que la mayoría de los estudiantes de pregrado no están lo suficientemente calificados, o tienen un conocimiento insuficiente para manejar situaciones de urgencias en traumatología dental. Sin embargo, se ha demostrado que existe un impacto positivo entre los estudiantes luego de recibir una clase teórica. El objetivo es determinar el nivel de conocimientos de los estudiantes de odontología del último año de la carrera en el manejo de los traumatismos dentoalveolares en niños y adolescentes, antes y después de recibir las clases teóricas (modalidad online) sobre esta temática (AU)

A cross-sectional study to assess knowledge of women about cervical cancer: an urban and rural comparison

INTRODUCTION@#Cervical cancer and its etiopathogenesis, the age of women in whom it is diagnosed, average life expectancy, and prognosis are information widely covered in scientific reports. However, there is no coherent information regarding which regions-urban or rural-it may occur more often. This is important because the literature on the subject reports that people living in rural areas have a worse prognosis when it comes to detection, treatment, and life expectancy than city dwellers.@*MATERIAL AND METHODS@#The subjects of the study were women and their knowledge about cervical cancer. The research was carried out using a survey directly distributed among respondents and via the Internet, portals, and discussion groups for women from Poland. Three hundred twenty-nine women took part in the study, including 164 from rural and 165 from urban areas. The collected data enabled the following: (1) an analysis of the studied groups, (2) assessment of the respondents' knowledge about cervical cancer, and (3) comparison of women's knowledge depending on where they live.@*RESULTS@#The average assessment of all respondents' knowledge was 3.59, with women living in rural areas scoring 3.18 and respondents from the city-4.01. Statistical significance (p < 0.001) between the level of knowledge and place of residence was determined. The results indicate that an increase in the level of education in the subjects significantly increases the chance of getting the correct answer. In the case of age analysis, the coefficients indicate a decrease in the chance of obtaining the correct answer in older subjects despite the fact that a statistically significant level was reached in individual questions.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Women living in rural areas have less knowledge of cervical cancer than female respondents from the city. There is a need for more awareness campaigns to provide comprehensive information about cervical cancer to women in rural areas. A holistic approach to the presented issue can solve existing difficulties and barriers to maintaining health regardless of the place of life and residence.@*IMPLICATION FOR CANCER SURVIVORS@#They need intensive care for women's groups most burdened with risk factors.

Conocimientos sobre Salud bucal del adulto mayor. Consultorio 10. Policlínico "Dr. Tomas Romay" 2017-2018 / Knowledge about oral health of the elderly. Family Physician's Office 10. Tomas Romay Polyclinic 2017 - 2019

RESUMEN Introducción: la salud bucal juega un papel importante para mantener la calidad de vida en la tercera edad. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal de los adultos mayores. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, de corte transversal. Se estudió un universo constituido por 209 adultos mayores. Pertenecientes al Consultorio 10 del Policlínico "Tomas Romay", durante el año 2017 al 2018. La recolección de los datos se realizó mediante una encuesta. Resultados: el 41,6 % fueron evaluados de mal, seguidos de los de regular. El 41,1 % fueron de 60 a 69 años, el 39,2 % pertenecían al sexo masculino y el 60,8 % al femenino. El 46,8 % tienen un nivel medio de escolaridad. Resultaron jubilados el 51,4 % de los evaluados de regular. Las familias extensas representaron el 45,5 % y el 67,9 % eran disfuncionales. Conclusiones: prevalecieron los adultos mayores evaluados de mal, las féminas y las edades comprendidas entre los 60 y 69 años. Sobresalieron los adultos con nivel medio de escolaridad. En los evaluados de regular predominaron los jubilados. Imperaron las familias extensas y disfuncionales (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: oral health plays an important role to keep life quality in elder people. Objective: to determine the knowledge level of elder people on oral health. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional descriptive research was carried out. The authors studied a universe of 209 elder people belonging to Family Physician's Office 10 of the "Tomas Romay" Polyclinic during the period 2017 - 2019. Data were collected in an inquiry. Results: 41.6 % got bad qualifications, followed by fair. 41.1. % of patients was in the 60-69 age group, 39.2 % were male and 60.8 % ere female. 46.8 % has a high school scholarship. 51.4 % of those who got fair qualification were retired. Extensive families represented 45.5 % and 67.9 % of them were dysfunctional. Conclusions: elder people with bad qualifications, women, and the 60-69-age-group prevailed. Elders with high school scholarship stood out. Among those who got fair qualification predominated retired people. Extensive, dysfunctional families were the most commonly found (AU).

Assessment of awareness, knowledge and attitudes about the importance of cadaver and cadaver donation: report of Izmir, Turkey / Evaluación de la conciencia, el conocimiento y las actitudes sobre la importancia del cadáver y la donación de cadáveres: informe de Izmir, Turquía

The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness, knowledge level and attitudes of the community in I˙zmir/ Turkey about cadaver donation in medical education. A cross-sectional study was carried out. Randomly chosen 245 participants answered twenty items in the questionnaire providing information about their demographics (5 items), awareness and knowledge (10 items), and attitudes (5 items) about body donation. The questionnaire was applied face-to-face. Descriptive statistics presented. Student T test and One-Way ANOVA test were used for statistical analysis. 123 (50.2 %) participants were male and 159 (64.9 %) were between 30 to 59 years old. 185 (75.5 %) respondents knew what the word "cadaver" means. When asked where they would apply if they decided to donate their body, 104 (42.4 %) of the participants gave the answer "state hospital". The mean score of awareness and knowledge about importance of cadaver and body donation (AWKL-Score) was 0.41±0.24 (min:0.00, max:0.90). AWKL-Score was statistically higher in the youngest (18-29 y) and oldest (>60 y) compared to the other age groups (F:4.115; p:0.007). AWKL-Score increased as the level of education increased. The highest AWKL-Score was at post-graduate level (Level 7,8) (F:22.997; p<0.001). The AWKL-Score was higher in public employees and students compared to other occupational groups (F:5.930; p<0,001). The answers to the questionnaire were important indicators of how much society needs to be informed regarding body donation.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de conciencia, conocimiento y las actitudes de la comunidad en Izmir / Turquía sobre la donación de cadáveres en la educación médica. Se realizó un estudio transversal de 245 participantes elegidos al azar, que respondieron veinte ítems en el cuestionario proporcionando información sobre su demografía (5 ítems), conciencia y conocimiento (10 ítems) y actitudes (5 ítems) sobre la donación de cuerpos. El cuestionario fue administrado directamente en persona; la prueba T de Student y la prueba ANOVA de una vía se utilizaron para el análisis estadístico. De los participantes 123 (50,2 %) eran hombres y 159 (64,9 %) tenían entre 30 y 59 años. 185 (75,5 %) encuestados sabían lo que significa la palabra "cadáver". Cuando se les preguntó dónde se registrarían, en caso de decidir donar su cuerpo, 104 (42,4 %) de los participantes respondieron "hospital estatal". La puntuación media de conciencia y conocimiento sobre la importancia del cadáver y la donación de cuerpos (puntuación AWKL) fue de 0,41 ± 0,24 (mínimo: 0,00, máximo: 0,90). Estadísticamente el puntaje AWKL fue más alto en los más jóvenes (18-29 años) y mayores (> 60 años) en comparación con los otros grupos etarios (F: 4,115; p: 0.007). AWKL-Score aumentó a medida que aumentó el nivel de educación. El puntaje AWKL más alto fue en el nivel de posgrado (Nivel 7,8) (F: 22,997; p <0,001). El puntaje AWKL fue mayor en empleados públicos y estudiantes en comparación con otros grupos ocupacionales (F: 5,930; p <0,001). Las respuestas al cuestionario fueron indicadores importantes de cuánto necesita la sociedad estar informada sobre la donación de cuerpos.

Knowledge of general dentists, endodontists and pediatric dentists about the management on dental traumas: a survey in turkey / Conhecimento de dentistas clínicos-gerais, endodontistas e pediatras sobre o manejo de traumas dentários: uma pesquisa na Turquia

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine endodontists, pedodontists and general dentists' knowledge of management of dental trauma. Material and methods: A web-based survey including 13 questions was prepared using Google forms, and a link to the survey was sent to the general dentists, endodontists and paediatric dentists via social media. The questionnaire asked for information regarding the age, gender, state of education, type of institution and knowledge levels about dental traumas. A total of 258 questionnaires were returned, and the One-Way Anova for practitioners' knowledge and the statistical analysis of the relationship between gender, vocational training and training by using Mann-Whitney U tests for participants. Results: As a result of statistical analysis, although there was no statistical difference between pedodontists and endodontists in their knowledge levels, it was found that both occupational groups had higher knowledge level than general dentists (p = 0,0001). While there was a significant difference between practitioners at university and oral and dental health hospital (p = 0.0001), there was no difference between practitioners in university hospital and private office (p = 0.065). Conclusions:In conclusion, general dentists had knowledge of inadequate dental trauma management and the knowledge level of dentists working at oral and dental hospital was lowe (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o conhecimento de dentistas clínicos gerais endodontistas, odontopediatras sobre o tratamento de traumatismos dentários. Material e métodos: Uma pesquisa na Web, incluindo 13 perguntas, foi preparada utilizando os formulários do Google. Um link para a pesquisa foi enviado aos dentistas clínicos gerais, endodontistas e odontopediatras via mídia social. O questionário solicitou informações sobre idade, sexo, estado da educação, tipo de instituição e níveis de conhecimento sobre traumas dentários. Um total de 258 questionários foram devolvidos e o One-way ANOVA foi utilizado para avaliar o conhecimento dos profissionais e a análise estatística da relação entre gênero, treinamento vocacional e treinamento foi realizada utilizando o teste de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: como resultado da análise estatística, embora não tenha havido diferença estatística entre pediatra e endodontista em seus níveis de conhecimento, verificou-se que ambos os grupos ocupacionais apresentaram maior nível de conhecimento que os dentistas em geral (p = 0,0001). Embora tenha havido uma diferença significativa entre os profissionais da universidade e o hospital de saúde bucal e odontológico (p = 0,0001), não houve diferença entre os profissionais do hospital universitário e consultório particular (p = 0,065). Conclusões: Em conclusão, os dentistas clíncos-gerais tinham conhecimento de tratamento inadequado do traumatismo dentário e o nível de conhecimento dos dentistas que trabalhavam nos hospitais odontológicos era menor. (AU)

The determination of the knowledge level and behavior of Turkish women from various occupations about human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, and pap smear test

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are possible with Pap smear test. However, women should be informed about human papilloma virus (HPV), cervical cancer, and Pap smear test to protect against cervical cancer. Aim: The aim of this study is to identify knowledge level and behavior of women from various occupations, who reside in a city in the south of Turkey, about HPV, cervical cancer, and Pap smear test. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with 753 women consisting of 228 nurses, 28 doctors, 135 teachers, 20 academicians, 21 policewomen, and 321 homemakers. The data were collected with face-to-face interview method using survey form and attitude scale related to early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Results: Of the women whose age average is 34.7 ± 7.51, 79% are married, 52.9% have middle income, 62.5% live in towns, and 58.6% are primary school graduates. It was determined that 69.2% of these women had gynecological examination, 27.8% had Pap smear test, and 1.3% had HPV vaccination. About 59.5% of these women stated not having heard of HPV, 61.3% of HPV vaccination, and 41.9% that HPV causes cervical cancer. Those women who have a good education and income level and who live in the city are found to have higher knowledge levels of HPV, HPV vaccination, Pap smear test, and cervical cancer (P < 0.05). Among the occupational groups, it was determined that the nurses are the ones who have least gynecological examination had and the doctors are the ones who have the most number of Pap smear tests had. It was found that average point that women got from the attitude scale of early diagnosis of cervical cancer was 101.91 ± 10.77 that the doctors and nurses had the highest points, 105.29 ± 11.65 and 103.15 ± 9.92, respectively, and that police officers had the lowest points by 93.42 ± 16.50. Conclusion: It was determined that the knowledge level and attitudes of the participant women about HPV, cervical cancer, and Pap smear test were insufficient.

Programa Educativo de salud bucodental en reclusos del Centro de Atención al Joven. Sancti Spíritus / Oral Health Education Program in inmates of the Youth Care Center. Sancti Spiritus

RESUMEN Fundamento: El insuficiente nivel de conocimiento sobre salud bucal, la presencia de factores de riesgos y las características propias de la juventud, son elementos determinantes que favorecen el desarrollo y aplicación de programas educativos. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del Programa Educativo de salud bucodental en reclusos del Centro de Atención al Joven de la provincia Sancti Spíritus durante el período de enero a julio del 2017. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental de intervención comunitaria con diseño antes y después en un ambiente no controlado en una muestra de 42 reclusos de 18 a 25 años. El nivel de conocimiento se identificó a través de una encuesta, las prácticas a través de una entrevista estructurada y la eficiencia del cepillado bucodental mediante el control de placa dentobacteriana. Resultados: Se observó un cambio de 9.5 % a un 71.4 % del nivel de conocimiento bueno, al igual que en las prácticas y en la eficiencia del cepillado de un 31.0 % a un 83.3 %. Conclusiones: El Programa Educativo demostró su efectividad al obtener resultados satisfactorios en cuanto a la modificación de los conocimientos y prácticas sobre salud bucodental en los reclusos.

ABSTRACT Background: The insufficient level of knowledge about oral health, the presence of risk factors and the characteristics of youth, are determining elements that favor the development and application of educational programs. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Oral Health Education Program in inmates of the Youth Care Center in Sancti Spiritus province from January to July 2017. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study of community intervention with former and later design in an uncontrolled environment was designed, sample of 42 inmates aged 18 to 25. The level of knowledge was identified through a survey, practices through a structured interview and the efficiency of oral brushing through the control of dentobacterial plaque. Results: A change from 9.5 % to 71.4 % of good knowledge level was observed, as well as practices and brushing efficiency from 31.0 % to 83.3 %. Conclusions: The Education Program demonstrated its effectiveness by obtaining satisfactory results regarding the modification of knowledge and practices on oral health in inmates.

Prescrição de medicamentos para tratamento da dor por estudantes da Faculdade de Odontologia de Pernambuco - FOP/UPE / Prescription medicines for treatment of pain for students of Pernambuco Dentistry College - FOP/UPE

Introdução: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos estudantes de Graduação em Odontologia da FOP em relação aos medicamentos que são prescritos para tratamento da dor leve e moderada. Metodologia: Estudo prospectivo, descritivo, de corte transversal, com abordagem quantitativa por meio de coleta de dados. Seguindo a metodologia proposta por Silva¹, o nível de conhecimento dos estudantes foi classificado em: 1 ­ nível bom; 2 ­ nível regular e 3 ­ nível insuficiente, mostrando que o estudante não está em condições de prescrever os medicamentos para tratar dor de forma segura. Resultados: Verificouse que 100% da amostra souberam indicar corretamente uma medicação para tratar a dor leve, e 93% indicaram na posologia correta. Entretanto, apenas 48% dos entrevistados tinham conhecimento do princípio ativo da droga prescrita. A maioria dos estudantes demonstrou conhecimento insatisfatório quanto à contraindicação e possíveis interações medicamentosas. Conclusões: Os estudantes prescrevem medicações para tratar dor; a maioria dos estudantes demonstrou conhecimento satisfatório quanto à indicação da droga e respectiva posologia para manejo da dor leve e moderada, no entanto a maior parte demonstrou conhecimento insatisfatório quanto à contraindicação e possíveis interações medicamentosas em relação aos medicamentos prescritos para tratar dor leve e moderada... (AU)

Introduction: To evaluate the level of knowledge of dental undergraduate students of FOP in relation to medications that are prescribed for the treatment of mild and moderate pain. Methodology: Prospective, descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach through data collection. Following the methodology proposed by Silva¹, the students' level of knowledge was classified as: 1 - good level; 2 - regular level and 3 - insufficient level, shows that the student is not in a position to prescribe drugs to treat pain safely. Results: It was verified that 100% of the sample was able to correctly indicate a medication to treat mild pain and 93% indicated in the correct dosage. However, only 48% of the interviewees were aware of the active principle of the prescribed drug. Most students demonstrated unsatisfactory knowledge regarding contraindication and possible drug interactions. Conclusions: Students prescribe medications to treat pain; the majority of students demonstrated satisfactory knowledge regarding the indication of the drug and its dosage for the management of mild and moderate pain. However, most demonstrated unsatisfactory knowledge regarding contraindication and possible drug interactions over prescribed drugs to treat mild and moderate pain... (AU)

Farmers' approaches on occupational health and safety: the case of city of Osmaniye and Konya, Turkey / Abordagens dos agricultores sobre saúde e segurança ocupacional: o caso da cidade de Osmaniye e Konya, Turquia

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge levels of farmers who operate in agricultural activities. This activityconsidered among the most dangerous sectors in Turkey and around the world, on occupational accidents and diseases, occupational health and safety (OHS). The other objective was to learn about farmers' thoughts and contribute to raise awareness and disseminate of occupational health and safety, in Osmaniye and Konya provinces where intensive agricultural activities take place. For this purpose, a face-to-face interview was conducted with 185 farmers in Osmaniye and Konya provinces. According to the survey results, 45.9% of the farmers stated that they had no idea about occupational health and safety, while only 24.3% of them had occupational health and safety education. There are statistically significant differences in farmers' age and learning status, their views on occupational health and safety, and their knowledge of occupational health and safety obligations in agriculture. More awareness on occupational health and safety in the agricultural sector should be established. Information and education activities should be carried out to minimize risks and dangers.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os níveis de conhecimento de agricultores que atuam em atividades agrícolas. Esta atividade é consideradauma das atividades mais perigosas na Turquia e em todo o mundo, em acidentes e doenças profissionais, em saúde e segurança. O outro objetivo era aprender sobre os pensamentos dos agricultores e contribuir para conscientizar e disseminarsaúde e segurança ocupacional, nas províncias de Osmaniye e Konya, onde ocorrem atividades agrícolas intensivas. Para tanto, entrevistas foramrealizadas com 185 agricultores nas províncias de Osmaniye e Konya. De acordo com os resultados da pesquisa, 45,9% dos agricultoresafirmaram que não tinham ideia sobre saúde e segurança ocupacional, enquanto apenas 24,3% deles tinham educação em saúde e segurança ocupacional.Existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas na idade dos agricultores e no status de aprendizagem, suas opiniões sobre saúde e segurança ocupacional, e conhecimento das obrigações de saúde ocupacional e segurança na agricultura. Maior conscientização sobre saúde ocupacional e segurança na agricultura no setor deve ser estabelecida. Atividades de informação e educação devem ser realizadas para minimizar riscos e perigos.

Nivel de conocimiento sobre Hidatidosis Humana y medidas preventivas tras la aplicación de un Programa / Level on knowledge on human hydatidosis and its preventive measures after an educational program / Nível de conhecimento sobre Hidatidose Humana e medidas preventivas após a aplicação de um Programa

Introducción Perú probablemente sea el país de la región de las Américas con una mayor incidencia y prevalencia de hidatidosis quística; la niñez es la etapa de la vida donde generalmente se adquiere la infección, por lo que es importante el desarrollo de capacidades para su prevención. Objetivo Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre hidatidosis humana tras la aplicación de un programa preventivo en niñas/os del quinto de primaria de una institución educativa de la localidad de Huancavelica. Metodología Estudio cuasi experimental con pre y post prueba a grupo experimental y control, muestra 28 niñas/os en cada grupo que cumplieron criterios de selección, muestreo no probabilístico. Se aplicó un cuestionario para medir conocimientos sobre hidatidosis humana y medidas preventivas, el programa estuvo basado en el Modelo Didáctico Operativo de Bustos, empleándose la "t" de Student para muestras pareadas. Resultados El nivel de conocimiento sobre hidatidosis humana antes de la intervención educativa fue 50% entre medio y alto (17.5 ± 3.4); después de la intervención 100% mostró un nivel alto (26.8 ± 1.9) p=0.001. El conocimiento sobre medidas preventivas de la hidatidosis humana antes de la intervención fue 25% bajo, 57.1% medio y 17.9% alto (5.5 ± 2.2); tras la intervención el nivel fue 10.7% medio y 89.3% alto (9.1 ± 1.4) p=0.001; el grupo control no evidenció cambios. Conclusiones El programa preventivo fue eficaz, ya que como resultado de la intervención se apreció una mejoría en el conocimiento de la hidatidosis, así como de las medidas de prevención para evitarla.

Introduction Peru is probably the country in the region of the Americas with the highest prevalence of cystic hydatidosis, and because during childhood is when the infection generally is acquired, it is important to develop strategies in order to prevent it. Objective To determine the level of knowledge about human hydatidosis after the implementation of an educational preventing program on children of the 5th grade at a school at Huancavelica, Peru. Methodology This is a quasi-experimental study with control and experimental groups and pre-post tests on a sample of 56 children (28 per group) who met the selection criteria. Sampling was non probabilistic. A questionnaire was given in order to assess the corresponding levels of knowledge, including that on the preventing measures. The program was based on the Operative Educational Model of Bustos. Paired Student's t tests were calculated. Results The level of knowledge on human hydatidosis before the educational intervention was 50% between medium or high (17.5 ± 3.4), but after the program, 100% showed a high level of knowledge (26.8 ± 1.9) p=0.001. Specific knowledge on preventive measures before the intervention was 25% low, 57.1% medium, and 17.9% high (5.5 ± 2.2), and after the program, the levels were 10.7% medium and 89.3% high (9.1 ± 1.4) p=0.001. The control group did not show changes in the scores. Conclusions The educational program improved the knowledge on hydatidosis and its preventive measures.

Introdução Peru provavelmente seja o país da região das Américas com uma maior incidência e prevalência de hidatidose cística; a infância é a etapa da vida onde geralmente adquire-se a infeção, pelo qual é importante o desenvolvimento de capacidades para sua prevenção. Objetivo Determinar o nível de conhecimento sobre hidatidose humana após a aplicação de um programa preventivo em crianças do ensino elementar (5° ano) de uma instituição educativa da localidade de Huancavelica. Metodologia Estudo quase experimental com pre e post teste a grupo experimental e controle, mostra 28 crianças em cada grupo que cumpriram critérios de seleção, amostragem não probabilística. Aplicou-se um questionário para medir conhecimentos sobre hidatidose humana e medidas preventivas, o programa esteve baseado no Modelo Didático Operativo de Bustos, empregando-se a "t" de Student para amostras em pares. Resultados O nível de conhecimento sobre hidatidose humana antes da intervenção educativa foi 50% entre médio e alto (17.5 ± 3.4); despois da intervenção 100% mostrou um nível alto (26.8 ± 1.9) p=0.001. O conhecimento sobre medidas preventivas da hidatidose humana antes da intervenção foi 25% baixo, 57.1% médio e 17.9% alto (5.5 ± 2.2); após a intervenção o nível foi 10.7% médio e 89.3% alto (9.1 ± 1.4) p=0.001; o grupo controle não evidenciou mudanças. Conclusões O programa preventivo foi eficaz, já que como resultado da intervenção apreciou-se uma melhora no conhecimento da hidatidose, assim como das medidas de prevenção para evitá-la.

Consumer knowledge regarding country-of-origin labeling for restaurants / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: Because of recent global and domestic issues regarding the safety of food, there is growing concern over food safety and interest in the country-of-origin for food ingredients from restaurants. This study was conducted to reveal the influence of consumer level of knowledge and awareness regarding restaurants and the country-of-origin labeling. METHODS: To accomplish this, a primary survey of adults aged over 20 years old was conducted to measure customers' knowledge regarding country-of-origin labeling for restaurants. Respondents were then divided into a lower group and an upper group based on their level of knowledge to evaluate significant differences between groups. A total of 437 of 460 questionnaires were analyzed. RESULTS: The average knowledge score regarding country-of-origin labeling for restaurants was 6.3 out of 10. Additionally, there were significant differences between the lower and upper group in terms of the final education level and occupation. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop guidelines and public relations for country-of-origin labeling of restaurants.

Association of related knowledge level and compliance of young and middle-aged hypertensive patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To evaluate the relevant knowledge level and compliance of young and middle-aged hypertensive patients,and explore the association of them. Method A total of 276 young and middle-aged hypertensive patients were surveyed using a hypertension knowledge level scale and treatment compliance questionnaire. Results The average score of young and middle-aged hypertensive patients on relevant knowledge was (62.55 ± 17.79). From different dimensions, the hypertensive patients got the highest score in the knowledge of their lifestyle,while they got the lowest score in their knowledge for complication.The average score of young and middle-aged hypertensive patients on treatment compliance was (71.53±9.87).From different dimensions,the hypertensive patients got the highest score in medication adherence,while they got the lowest score in exercise and pressure-relieving compliance.It showed that medication and drug compliance knowledge of middle-aged hypertensive patients was closely associated with treatment compliance(r=0.648, P<0.001)). Conclusions Both knowledge level and treatment compliance of young and middle-aged hypertensive patients should be improved.We should strengthen the population of knowledge about hypertension among young and middle-aged patients,especially the guidance of drug knowledge to improve their compliance.

Nivel de conocimientos en pacientes con traumatismo dental / Level of knowledge in patients with dental trauma

Introducción: el traumatismo de los dientes es uno de los accidentes más dramáticos que le suceden a una persona y su frecuencia en la clínica odontológica es cada día mayor, por lo que se requieren conocimientos en la población para su manejo inmediato y adecuado. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimientos de pacientes con traumatismos dentales. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en la población del Área de Salud Pueblo Nuevo, Policlínico Docente “Carlos Verdugo” en el período comprendido del 2009 al 2014. La población estudiada fueron los pacientes que acudieron a consulta de urgencia, con traumatismos en dientes anteriores (215 pacientes), previo consentimiento informado. Resultados: mayor afectación del sexo masculino (65,1 %), así como mayor frecuencia de traumatismos en dientes permanentes que en dientes temporales. La escuela y el estomatólogo fueron las principales fuentes de información acerca del tema (7 % en ambos casos). El nivel de conocimientos que predominó fue el bajo (83,7 %), la población considera que se puede esperar días, como el criterio de actuación ante un trauma dentario. Conclusiones: predominó el sexo masculino, el traumatismo dental fue más frecuente en edades de 4 hasta 11 años y en dientes permanentes. Las fuentes de información reconocidas fueron el estomatólogo y la escuela. Se apreció un desconocimiento general, sobre todo en el manejo inmediato de esta afección (AU).

Introduction: dental trauma is one of the most dramatic accidents a person can suffer and its frequency in dental clinic is higher and higher; therefore it is required the population knowledge on its immediately and adequate handling. Aim: to determine the knowledge level of patients with dental trauma. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the population of Pueblo Nuevo Health Area, Teaching Policlinic "Carlos Verdugo", in the period from 2009 to 2014. Results: male sex was the most affected one (65.1 %), and the frequency of trauma in permanent teeth was higher than in deciduous ones. School and dentist were the main information sources on the theme (7 % in both cases). The predominant knowledge level was low (83.7 %). Population considers that waiting several days could be the behavioural criteria in the case of dental trauma. Conclusions: male sex was the predominant one; dental trauma was more frequent in 4-11 years age. The recognized information sources were the dentist and school. A general lack of knowledge was appreciated, above all in the immediate handling of the affection (AU).

Nivel de conocimiento sobre Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad en médicos del Servicio Rural y Urbano Marginal de Salud en Lima, Perú / Knowledge level of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among general physicians in Lima, Peru

Introducción: El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH), exhibe una prevalencia mundial del 5% y la mayoría de las consultas médicas tienen lugar en clínicas de Atención Primaria. En tal contexto, se plantea la necesidad de que los médicos del Servicio Rural y Urbano Marginal de Salud (SERUM) conozcan suficientemente aspectos del diagnóstico y manejo de este trastorno, para su oportuna derivación al especialista. Objetivos: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento que tienen los médicos serumistas en relación al diagnóstico, manejo y pronóstico del TDAH. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal basado en la aplicación de una encuesta a médicos serumistas, revisada por la Asociación de Profesionales Peruanos para el estudio del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad. Resultados. De un total de 550 encuestas, 63,5% (349) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se encontró que el 80,5 % de estos probandos tenían un alto nivel de conocimiento general sobre el TDAH. Sin embargo, sólo el 16,9% mostró un nivel similar en relación al diagnóstico y el 73,1% alcanzó un nivel de conocimiento medio. En relación al tratamiento, 56,2 % de la muestra tuvo un nivel alto y 39,8 %, un nivel medio de conocimiento. Conclusiones: Los médicos serumistas encuestados en Lima muestran un alto nivel de conocimiento global en relación al TDAH, consideran apropiadamente el tratamiento mixto de elección y dan importancia al pronóstico del paciente no tratado. La mayoría, sin embargo, no basa su diagnóstico en los criterios del DSM5 o CIE 10 y no identifican fármacos de primera línea para el manejo del trastorno. Se postula la necesidad de mejorar estos aspectos

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a worldwide prevalence of 5%, and most of medical consultations to children with the diagnosis take place in Primary Care settings. It would be necessary for physicians of the Rural and Urban-Marginal Health Service (SERUM) in Peru to have sufficient knowledge about the diagnosis and management of this disorder for its timely referral to the specialist. Objectives: To determine the knowledge level that SERUM primary care physicians have regarding diagnosis, management and prognosis of ADHD. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive, observational and transversal study, based on the application of a survey instrument, specifically designed for the study of ADHD, and revised by the Peruvian Association of Professionals. Results: From a total of 550 surveys applied, 63.5% (349) met the inclusion criteria. It was found that 80.5% of these probands had a high level of general knowledge about ADHD, but only a 16.9% has a similar knowledge level regarding diagnosis, and 73.1%, an intermediate level. Regarding treatment, 56.2% of the sample had a high and 39.8%, an average knowledge level.Conclusions: SERUM-associatedprimary care physicians in Lima have a high knowledge level about general aspects of ADHD as they consider a combined treatment as the management of choice, and give importance to the prognosis of the non-treated patient. However, most of them do not base their diagnosis on DSM-5 or ICD-10 criteria, and do not identify first-line pharmacological agents for the management of the disorder. The need to improve this aspects is emphasized.

Salud bucal en jóvenes soldados / Oral health in young soldiers

Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico, observacional, descriptivo y transversal en la Comisión de reclutamiento del municipio de Santiago de Cuba, durante el primer semestre del 2015, con vistas a caracterizar la salud bucal en jóvenes soldados. El universo estuvo constituido por 80 jóvenes de 17-22 años de edad y ambos sexos, a quienes se le aplicó un cuestionario con variables clinicoepidemiológicas, así como una encuesta para evaluar el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal. La información se procesó mediante el programa Epi Info y se utilizó el porcentaje como medida de resumen. Predominaron el sexo masculino y el grupo etario de 21-22 años con una elevada prevalencia de caries. Se concluyó que estos jóvenes soldados presentaron bajo índice de caries, higiene bucal deficiente y pobre nivel de conocimientos sobre el tema.

An epidemiological, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the Recruitment commission of Santiago de Cuba municipality, during the first semester of 2015, with the aim of characterizing the oral health in young soldiers. The universe was constituted by 80 young soldiers aged 17-22 years and both sexes to whom a questionnaire with clinical and epidemiological variables was applied, as well as a survey to evaluate the knowledge level on oral health. The information was processed by means of the Epi Info program and the percentage was used as summary measure. The male sex and the age group 21-22 years prevailed with a high prevalence of decays. It was concluded that these young soldiers presented low decays index, poor oral hygiene and scarce level of knowledge on the topic.