Pulmonary Hydatid without Liver Involvement: A Case Series

Pulmonary hydatid is not a rare disease. But raising a suspicion for its diagnosis is limited. There are limited approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of the same. We present here four cases of pulmonary hydatid, without liver involvement, with emphasis on how it was misdiagnosed and received multiple treatment and landed into complications. Most of our cases presented with cough, sputum and hemoptysis. For these nonspecific signs and symptoms, patient is generally treated on a different line of diagnosis. Two of the cases were already treated for abscess and fungal infection. One of the patients was on antitubercular treatment. One of our cases was secondarily infected with aspergilloma. One of the cases was referred to oncologist to start chemotherapy. Interestingly, to raise a suspicion, none of our cases had liver involvement. A detailed history revealed expectoration of white salty material in sputum, living with sheep and dog and expectorating grape-like vesicles in sputum. History helped us to put hydatid as one of our differentials. Echinococcal serology was positive in three cases. Only three cases had on-table appearance of hydatid cyst. All four cases underwent surgical management for complete cure. There is need for strong suspicion and a detailed history and proper set of investigations help in timely diagnosis and management of pulmonary hydatid disease.

Analysis on medication rules of Xin'an medicine for treatment of melancholia administered by physicians in the Ming and Qing dynasties based on R language data mining / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the medication rules of Xin'an medicine for the treatment of melancholia and further analyze the medication ideas of Xin'an physicians in the treatment of melancholia.Methods:The documents of Xin'an physicians treating melancholia in the fifth edition of the Chinese Medical Code and the online database of ancient Chinese medicine were retrieved. Excel was used to extract the prescription information to establish the database. R language was used to analyze the data regarding the medication frequency, nature and taste, association rules, and clustering of the traditional Chinese medicine used in the prescription. Results:A total of 127 effective prescriptions were sorted out, and 177 kinds of Chinese medicines were used with a total medication frequency of 1 031 times. The top three Chinese medicines with the highest frequency of use were Poria cocos (57 times), Licorice (46 times), and Paeonia Lactiflora (40 times). The main nature of herbs was plain and warm nature. The warm herbs were the most frequently used (298 times). The first five flavors of the herbs which were the most used were pungent taste (475 times, 28.70%), bitter taste (459 times, 27.73%), and sweet taste (453 times, 27.37%). The commonly used herbs with confidence coefficient > 0.800 were Licorice + Angelica sinensis, Licorice + Angelica sinensis and Paeonia Lactiflora, Licorice + Bupleurum, Licorice + Atractylodes macrocephala, Cyperus root + Ligusticum Chuanxiong, Angelica sinensis + Atractylodes macrocephala and Licorice, Paeonia Lactiflora + Angelica sinensis and Poria cocos, Licorice + Angelica sinensis and Poria cocos, Licorice + Atractylodes macrocephala and Angelica sinensis, Licorice + Bupleurum and Paeonia Lactiflora, Licorice + Atractylodes macrocephala and Ginseng, Licorice + Ginseng and Angelica sinensis, Cyperus root + Medicated leaven, Ginseng + Astragalus mongholicus, Licorice + Astragalus mongholicus.Conclusion:Xin'an medicine for the treatment of melancholia mainly uses pungent, bitter, sweet, and warm herbs. It can adjust the chill and fever, Yin and Yang of the human body, diminishes the urgency, and regulates the flow of Qi.

Effect and Mechanism of Lily Polysaccharide Combined with Astragalus Polysaccharide on Depressive Behavior in Chronic Stress Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of antidepressant effect of lily polysaccharide （LLP）and astragalus polysaccharide（APS）. MethodSixty KM mice were randomly divided into blank group， model group， fluoxetine hydrochloride （8 mg·kg-1）group， LLP （0.2 g·kg-1）group， APS （0.2 g·kg-1）group and polysaccharide combination （LLP+APS，0.1 g·kg-1+0.1 g·kg-1）group， with 10 mice in each group. Except the blank group， the other groups were given chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS） induced mouse depression model. On the 29th day of modeling，fluoxetine hydrochloride group was given corresponding dose of fluoxetine hydrochloride， and polysaccharide groups were given corresponding drug. The depressive behavior of mice was evaluated by behavioral indexes such as body mass change， open field test. The morphological changes of hippocampal CA1 neurons were observed by Nissl staining. The contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH）， and corticosterone （CORT）， in brain tissue and plasma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of related proteins in adenylate cyclase/cyclic adenylate phosphate/protein kinase A （AC/cAMP/PKA） signal pathway. ResultCompared with the blank group， mice in the model group gained weight slowly， the total distance， central distance and sugar water preference rate decreased significantly （P<0.01）， the depressive behavior was significant， the hippocampal neurons were seriously damaged， the content of 5-HT decreased （P<0.01）， the contents of ACTH and CORT increased significantly （P<0.01）， adenylate cyclase 6（ADCY6）， PKA and cAMP response element binding protein-1 （CREB-1） and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） protein expression decreased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， depressive behavior of mice in LLP group， APS group and LLP+APS group was significantly improved （P<0.01）. The antidepressant effect of LLP+APS was better than that of LLP and APS. Each administration group could alleviate the damage of hippocampal neurons in varying degrees， significantly increase the content of 5-HT in brain tissue （P<0.01）， and reduce the levels of ACTH and CORT in plasma （P<0.05）. The protein levels of ADCY6， PKA， CREB-1 and BDNF were significantly increased （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe antidepressant effect of LLP+APS is significantly enhanced and has a synergistic effect. The mechanism may be closely related to affecting the content of neurotransmitters， inhibiting HPA axis activity and activating AC/cAMP/PKA signal transduction pathway.

Poisoning in domestic cats in Brazil: toxicants, clinical signs, and therapeutic approaches / [Intoxicação em gatos domésticos no Brasil: toxicantes, sinais clínicos e abordagens terapêuticas]

This study evaluated the most common toxic agents affecting domestic cats, the clinical signs of toxicity, and the therapeutic approaches for recovery. A survey on poisoning in cats was conducted among small animal veterinary practitioners from 2017 to 2018. Of the 748 completed questionnaires, 543 (72.6%) were evaluated. Pesticides and household cleaning supplies were the most common causes of poisoning in cats. The toxicant groups included pesticides and household cleaning supplies (organophosphates), human drugs (acetaminophen), plants/plant derivatives (lily), and veterinary drugs (tramadol). The major clinical signs for these four groups of toxicants were (1) acetaminophen poisoning, which caused oxidative erythrocyte damage; (2) muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic syndrome, which resulted from organophosphate poisoning; (3) acute kidney injury, which resulted from intoxication of lily; and (4) serotonin syndrome, which resulted from tramadol toxicosis. Interventions for treating poisoning in cats were based on the clinical presentation of animals. In the present study, the significant toxins identified to be dangerous for cats were characterized using the obtained data in Brazil as well as the main associated clinical signs and therapy recommended by veterinarians.(AU)

Objetiva-se com este trabalho caracterizar os principais toxicantes para gatos domésticos, bem como os prevalentes sinais clínicos e a terapêutica associada. Uma pesquisa sobre envenenamento em gatos foi realizada entre médicos veterinários no período de 2017 a 2018. Dos 748 questionários preenchidos, 543 (72,6%) foram avaliados. Pesticidas e domissanitários foram os principais causadores de intoxicação em gatos. Entre os grupos tóxicos, destacaram-se, na categoria pesticidas e domissanitários (organofosforados), medicamentos humanos (acetaminofeno), plantas e derivados de planta (lírio) e medicamentos veterinários (tramadol). Os principais sinais clínicos para os quatro grupos de substâncias tóxicas foram: (1) intoxicação por acetaminofeno, que causou dano eritrocitário oxidativo; (2) síndrome colinérgica muscarínica e nicotínica, resultante do envenenamento por organofosforado; (3) lesão renal aguda, causada pela intoxicação por lírio; e (4) síndrome serotoninérgica, resultante da exposição ao tramadol. As intervenções realizadas para o tratamento dos envenenamentos foram justificáveis mediante a apresentação clínica dos animais. Por meio dos dados obtidos, puderam-se caracterizar os principais tóxicos para gatos no Brasil, bem como os principais sinais clínicos associados e a terapêutica preconizada pelos médicos veterinários.(AU)

Epidemiological and clinical profile of various plant poisons in a tertiary care center in South Tamilnadu, India

Background: Plant poisoning is a common scenario in a toxicology unit . Some of the plants contain active components used as medicines. However, some of the plant constituents are poisonous with wide variety of clinical manifestations. Authors aimed to study the pattern of various types of plant poisons and clinical presentations and complications of various plant poisons admitted in our toxicological unit.Methods: A total of 87 patients admitted with history of plant poison ingestion, in toxicological unit of Tirunelveli medical college were studied . It was a retrospective observational study and was done over a period of one year.Results:  Out of 87 cases studied, 92%were due to consumption with suicidal intention. Plant poisoning ranks second only to pesticide poisoning . among the plant poisons encountered 66.6% were due to Oleander poison, followed by Datura (8%) and Glory lily(5.7%). Common parts of plant consumed by patients include seeds and plant oils . Vomiting and abdominal pain were the commonest presentations. Encephalopathy, dyselectrolytemia and arrhythmias were the notable complications in our study.Conclusions: Early admission and prompt first aid and monitoring at tertiary care center are key to the reduced mortality. The study throws light on various manifestations, toxic parts and complications of plant poisons.

Comparative analysis and comprehensive evaluation for growth and photosynthetic characteristics of different lily species and varieties / 中国中药杂志

The biological characteristics,agronomic traits,yield traits,stress resistance,quality and photosynthetic characteristics among six lily varieties were compared in order to screen out the excellent lily varieties suitable for spread planting in Hunan province. Lilium longiflorum had the longest growth period,246 days,among these six lily varieties,while others were about 170 days. The leaves of L.longiflorum,self-selected variety,L. lancifolium and L. dauricum had higher chlorophyll content. No obvious difference was found in net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration among all varieties. The self-selected variety had the highest theoretical and actual yield,2 543. 03,1 608. 65 kg per Mu(1 Mu≈666. 7 m2),respectively,but contents of polysaccharides and flavones in bulbs were lower. All of these six lily varieties can sowing,seedling emergence,growth,flowering,mature harvest in Hunan province. L. dauricum and L. lancifolium would be provided for edible lily. L. brownie and the self-selected variety are highly susceptible varieties. L. dauricum and L. lancifolium are suitable to plant widely in disease-prone regions,due to their strong resistance. L. brownie and L. lancifolium are preferred varieties for medicinal and food using for their good quality and higher contents of polysaccharides and flavones. L. davidii had lower theoretical and actual yield,so planting extension of it should be taken into account.

Comprehensive Optimization of Rehabilitation Measures of Traditional Chinese Medicine to Elderly Patients with COPD at Stable Period / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To discuss the clinical efficacy of comprehensive optimization of rehabilitation measures of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) on elderly patients with COPD at stable period, in order to study its effect on immune function and inflammatory factors. Method:One hundred and forty-four patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group by random number table. Patients in control group got ipratropium bromide, 40-80 μg/time, 2-4 times/days, salmeterol roticasone powder, 1 suction/time, 2 times/days, as well as comprehensive western medical treatment measures of healthcare education, oxygen therapy and respiratory muscle exercise. In addition to the basic therapy of ipratropium bromide and salmeterol roticasone powder, patients in observation group was added with syndrome differentiation therapy of TCM, foot bath with TCM and respiratory function exercise with TCM. The course of treatment was 6 months, and 6-month follow-up were recorded. Comprehensive assessment of COPD was recorded. Before and after treatment, respiratory questionnaire (mMRC), self-assessment test for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CAT), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1%, St George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), 6-minute walking distance (6 MWD) were scored. And levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected. Result:Comprehensive assessment of COPD in the two groups were better than those before treatment (PZ=2.066, Pα were lower than those in control group (P+ was lower than that in control group (P1 and FEV1% were higher than those in control group (P+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ and 6-minute walking distance were more than those in control group (PConclusion:Comprehensive optimization of rehabilitation measures in TCM can inhibit inflammatory factors, improve immune function, alleviate clinical symptoms, improve lung function, improve exercise endurance and quality of life of patients, and promote the lung rehabilitation.

Research progress on Baihe Dihuang Decoction in nervous-mental system / 中草药

Baihe Dihuang Decoction (BDD) is a Chinese materia medica compound, and the formulation is relatively simple and widespread in clinical application. In ancient times, it is commonly used to treat lily disease, but for modern clinical application it is mainly used for the treatment of a variety of depression (such as subliminal depression, postpartum depression, menopausal depression, etc.), a variety of insomnia (such as menopausal insomnia, intractable insomnia, old age insomnia, etc.) anxiety, suboptimal health and so on. In this paper, the clinical and pharmacological effects of BDD decoction in neuropsychiatric system were summarized by literature analysis, in order to provide a reference for the clinical rational application and the study of modern pharmacological mechanism of BDD.

Effects of Astragalus Lily Granules on enhanced hypoxia tolerance in mice exposed to sodium nitrite poisoning / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To study the effect of Astragali Lilium Granules on the survival time,CAT,ATP,and pathological changes in mice exposed to sodium nitrite (NaNO2)poisoning.Methods We randomly divided 60 male mice of SPF grade KM into blank group,positive control group,model group and Astragali Lilium Granules low-,medium-and high-dose groups.After 3 days of normal feeding,blank group and model group received intragastric gavage of normal saline,and positive control group was given Rhodiola rosea capsule solution.Astragali Lilium Granules groups received intragastric gavage according to the concentration (1.75,3.5 and 7 mg/kg per day) for 30 days. One hour after the last administration, all groups except the blank control group received intraperitoneal injection of NaNO2(200 mg/kg,injection amount of 0.1 mL/g).We recorded the mice's survival time,observed the pathological changes of brain,lung and heart tissues by HE staining under the microscope.The activity of CAT and the level of ATP in brain tissue were determined by colorimetric analysis.Results Compared with the blank group,the survival time in model group [(9.64±1.60)min,P＜0.05]was significantly lower;in model group,the lung tissue showed extensive pulmonary edema,red cell exudation,emphysema,and local atrophy of the lung;the interstitium of the myocardium was dilated and congested,and the local cells in the epicardium became edematous and denatured;brain cells showed necrosis,cytoplasm condensation,pyknosis,and perinuclear vacuoles.The tissues were loose and the spaces between the vessels and nerve cells widened;the activity of CAT decreased and the content of ATP decreased in lung,heart and brain tissues (P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the survival time was significantly prolonged in Astragali Lilium Granules low-[(12.78±2.20)min]and medium-dose [(13.22±2.10)min]groups (P＜0.05).Compared with model group,the three dose groups had lessened lung tissue edema and emphysema,cardiac interstitial vascular dilatation and congestion,necrosis and nuclear pyknosis of brain nerve cells;the activity of CAT increased and the content of ATP increased in lung,heart and brain tissues (both P＜0.05).Conclusion Astragali Lilium Granules can improve the toxicity of NaNO2in mice and thus effectively protect against NaNO2-induced anoxic injury.

Antimicrobial activity of water and acetone extracts of some Eucomis taxa

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal properties of acetone and water extracts of selected Eucomis taxa.@*METHODS@#The bulbs of Eucomis bicolor, Eucomis comosa (E. comosa) and E. comosa cv. were dried and examples from each experimental treatment were ground separately into powder. Each sample was divided into two groups with equal amounts of powder, and respectively extracted with water and a 70% solution of aqueous acetone. The crude water extracts were then filtered through a 0.2 μm filter. The 70% aqueous acetone extracts were next concentrated at 40 °C. After the evaporation of the acetone, the samples were additionally filtered through a 0.2 μm filter. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the extracts against chosen microorganisms were then determined.@*RESULTS@#The results of the study demonstrated that the water and acetone extracts of Eucomis bulbs have an influence on the viability of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus atrophaeus strains. In the case of mediums containing E. comosa and E. comosa cv. extracts, a decrease in the number of gram-positive bacteria was dependent on the extract concentration. The best results were obtained in the case of the 25% extracts. The water and acetone extracts of Eucomis bulbs did not cause a decrease in the number of Escherichia coli cells. Additionally, antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Stachybotrys chartarum, Mucor circinelloides and Rhizopus oryzae cells were also not observed.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The tested gram-negative and fungi microorganisms show resistance towards acetone and water extracts of Eucomis bulbs. The highest activity is found in the case of Aspergillus clavatus, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus atrophaeus strains, which shows water and acetone extracts of 25%.

Antimicrobial activity of water and acetone extracts of some Eucomis taxa

Objective To evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal properties of acetone and water extracts of selected Eucomis taxa. Methods The bulbs of Eucomis bicolor, Eucomis comosa (E. comosa) and E. comosa cv. were dried and examples from each experimental treatment were ground separately into powder. Each sample was divided into two groups with equal amounts of powder, and respectively extracted with water and a 70% solution of aqueous acetone. The crude water extracts were then filtered through a 0.2 μm filter. The 70% aqueous acetone extracts were next concentrated at 40 °C. After the evaporation of the acetone, the samples were additionally filtered through a 0.2 μm filter. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the extracts against chosen microorganisms were then determined. Results The results of the study demonstrated that the water and acetone extracts of Eucomis bulbs have an influence on the viability of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus atrophaeus strains. In the case of mediums containing E. comosa and E. comosa cv. extracts, a decrease in the number of gram-positive bacteria was dependent on the extract concentration. The best results were obtained in the case of the 25% extracts. The water and acetone extracts of Eucomis bulbs did not cause a decrease in the number of Escherichia coli cells. Additionally, antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Stachybotrys chartarum, Mucor circinelloides and Rhizopus oryzae cells were also not observed. Conclusions The tested gram-negative and fungi microorganisms show resistance towards acetone and water extracts of Eucomis bulbs. The highest activity is found in the case of Aspergillus clavatus, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus atrophaeus strains, which shows water and acetone extracts of 25%.

Carbohydrate metabolism in floral structures of Lilium pumilum in different development stages / Alterações no teor de carboidratos em estruturas florais de Lilium pumilum em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento

ABSTRACT: Lilium pumilum is a species that stands out in floriculture for presenting orange inflorescences that attract the consumer. This study thus aimed at characterizing the carbohydrate metabolism of floral structures of L. pumilum in different development stages. For this purpose, carbohydrate levels (total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, and starch), at different floral stages (E0 - bud with no color; E1 - bud at early coloring; E2 - orange bud; E3 - open flower; E4 - senescent flower) were quantified after extraction with ethanol. Lilium pumilum flowers showed high energy potential during floral opening and senescence; total soluble sugars were the main carbohydrates present in the species, reducing with the floral development, and the same occurred with the non-reducing sugar and starch contents. The reducing-sugar content increased with the floral stages. Therefore, this species presents great mobilization of compounds, which are utilized in the production of energy that is employed in floral opening.

RESUMO: Lilium pumilum é uma espécie que se destaca na floricultura, por apresentar inflorescências alaranjadas que atraem o consumidor. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o metabolismo de carboidrato de estruturas florais de L. pumilum em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento. Para isso, os níveis de carboidratos (açúcares solúveis totais, açúcares redutores, açúcares não redutores e amido), em diferentes estádios florais (E0 - botão sem coloração; E1 - botão em início de coloração; E2 - botão alaranjado; E3 - flor aberta; E4 - flor senescente), foram quantificados a partir da extração com etanol. As flores de L. pumilum apresentaram um alto potencial energético durante a abertura floral e senescência, sendo os açúcares solúveis totais os principais carboidratos presentes na espécie, mas com redução de acordo com o desenvolvimento floral, o mesmo ocorrendo com os teores de açúcar não redutor e amido. O conteúdo de açúcar redutor foi crescente entre os estádios florais. Portanto, a espécie apresenta grande mobilização de compostos, os quais são utilizados na produção de energia, que é empregada na abertura floral.

Protective effects of astragalus-lily granules on intestinal mucosal barrier of mice in high altitude hypoxia / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Astragalus-Lily Granules on intestinal mucosa and intestinal flora homeostasis in mice under high altitude hypoxia condition. Methods We put mice into high altitude hypoxia cabin to establish high altitude hypoxia model mice. Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, Astragalus- Lily particles (ALP) low, medium and high dose groups [1.75, 3.5, 7g/(kg·d)] respectively. After three days of routine feeding, the ALP mice received drug by intragastric administration, once a day for continuous 17 days, control group and model group were given double distilled water in same volume. From the 15th day, all the mice but control group were exposed to simulated high altitude hypoxia condition for 3 days in a high altitude hypoxia cabin after they were gavaged for half an hour daily. By the 18th day, the fresh mouse feces were collected and smeared to observe the changes of microflora. The pathological changes of intestinal tissues were observed by HE staining and the expression of HIF-1α protein in intestines was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The enterococci and gram negative bacteria showed a higher proportion (65.2%±2.4% and 56.7%±3.3%, respectively) in the model group compared with the control group (24.7%±1.2%, 23.2%±1.5%, respectively, P<0.05). The pathological score of intestinal mucosal necrosis and edema (3.10±0.99, 3.30±0.67 respectively) and inflammatory cell count (15.93±3.30, 16.40±3.97/ HP respectively) was higher compared with the model group (0.70±0.67, 0.80±0.78; 4.07±2.12, 4.28±2.16/HP respectively; P<0.05). HIF-1α expression increased significantly compared with the model group (P<0.05). The enterococci (46.7%±2.0%, 32.0%±2.6% respectively) and gram negative bacteria rate (34.2%±1.6%, 38.0%±2.8% respectively) in the ALP medium and high dose groups were lower compared with the model group (24.7%±1.2%, 23.2%±1.5% respectively, P<0.05). The pathological score of intestinal mucosal necrosis and edema in small intestine (2.30±1.33, 2.10±0.94 respectively) and colon (2.50±1.08, 1.90±0.99) were lower than those of model group and inflammatory cell count (small intestine 13.26±2.34, 10.93±3.67/HP, colon 14.40±2.02, 11.33±2.96/HP, respectively) were lower than those of the model group (P<0.05), and the HIF-1α expression in the intestinal tissues increased significantly compared with the model group (P<0.01). Conclusion ALP has certain protective effect on intestinal mucosa and microecology of mice under high altitude hypoxia condition.

Cytotoxic activity and phytochemical analysis of Arum palaestinum Boiss

Objective:To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the fractionated extract as well as isolated compounds of Arum palaestinum Boiss. (A. palaestinum) (black calla lily), and to identify the volatile components which may be responsible for the potential antitumor activity. Methods: A. palaestinum was collected from its natural habitats and subjected to phytochemical analysis for separation of pure compounds. In vitro cytotoxic activity was investigated against four human carcinoma cell lines Hep2, HeLa, HepG2 and MCF7 for the fractionated extract and isolated compounds. While, the diethyl ether fraction was subjected to GC–MS analysis as it exhibited the most potent cytotoxic effect to evaluate the active constituents responsible for the cytotoxic activities. Results:Four flavonoid compounds were isolated (luteolin, chrysoeriol, isoorientin, isovitexin) from the diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. The extracts and the pure isolated compounds showed a significant high antiproliferative activity against all investigated cell lines. The GC–MS analysis revealed the separation and identification of 15 compounds representing 95.01%of the extract and belonging to different groups of chemical compounds. Conclusions:The present study is considered to be the first report on the cytotoxic activities carried out on different selected fractions and pure compounds of A. palaestinum to provide evidences for its strong antitumor activities. In addition, chrysoeriol and isovitexin compounds were isolated for the first time from the studied taxa.

Cytotoxic activity and phytochemical analysis of Arum palaestinum Boiss

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the fractionated extract as well as isolated compounds of Arum palaestinum Boiss. ( A. palaestinum) (black calla lily), and to identify the volatile components which may be responsible for the potential antitumor activity. Methods: A. palaestinum was collected from its natural habitats and subjected to phytochemical analysis for separation of pure compounds. In vitro cytotoxic activity was investigated against four human carcinoma cell lines Hep2, HeLa, HepG2 and MCF7 for the fractionated extract and isolated compounds. While, the diethyl ether fraction was subjected to GC-MS analysis as it exhibited the most potent cytotoxic effect to evaluate the active constituents responsible for the cytotoxic activities. Results: Four flavonoid compounds were isolated (luteolin, chrysoeriol, isoorientin, isovitexin) from the diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. The extracts and the pure isolated compounds showed a significant high antiproliferative activity against all investigated cell lines. The GC-MS analysis revealed the separation and identification of 15 compounds representing 95.01% of the extract and belonging to different groups of chemical compounds. Conclusions: The present study is considered to be the first report on the cytotoxic activities carried out on different selected fractions and pure compounds of A. palaestinum to provide evidences for its strong antitumor activities. In addition, chrysoeriol and isovitexin compounds were isolated for the first time from the studied taxa.

Ação de extratos de cinamomo sobre / Actions of extracts of chinaberry on Plasmopara viticola

Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar quatro metodologias diferentes de preparo do extrato de cinamomo (Melia azedarach), sobre a germinação de Plasmopara viticola, fungo causador do míldio da videira. Nos experimentos avaliaram-se as concentrações de 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mL L-1 de extrato de frutos de cinamomo, secos e moídos, na proporção 1:10 m/v, além dos tratamentos padrões com calda bordalesa (1:1:100 m/m) e mancozebe (2,5 g p.c. L-1) para o experimento in vitro, e calda bordalesa para o experimento a campo. Entre as metodologias testadas, escolheuse a de melhor desempenho para submetê-la a condições de campo, avaliando a ação desse extrato sobre a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) do míldio da videira. A metodologia que apresentou um controle efetivo in vitro sobre a germinação de esporângios de P. viticola foi a infusão de pó de frutos com sementes secos e moídos por 15 minutos, apresentando reduções de 62 a 70%. Em condições de campo, todas as concentrações do extrato aquoso de cinamomo por infusão foram tão eficientes quanto o tratamento padrão com calda bordalesa, em que não se diferiram estatisticamente e, verificaram uma redução de 55 a 64% da severidade do míldio da videira.

The objective of this study was compare four different methods of preparing the extract of chinaberry (Melia azedarach), on germination of Plasmopara viticola, fungus of downy mildew. In the experiments we evaluated the concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mL L-1 of chinaberry extract (1:10 w/v) in addition to standard treatments with bordeaux mixture (1:1:100 m/m) and mancozeb (2.5 g c.p. L-1) for the in vitro experiment, and bordeaux mixture for the field experiment. Among the methodologies tested, we have chosen the best performance to subject it to field conditions, evaluating the action of this extract on the area under the disease progress curve (ADPC) of downy mildew. The methodology we presented an effective control in vitro germination of sporangia of P. viticola was extract by infusion of fruit with seeds dried and ground for 15 minutes, with reductions from 62 to 70%. In field conditions, all concentrations of aqueous extract of chinaberry by infusion were as effective as the standard treatment with bordeaux mixture, which did not differ statistically and found a reduction from 55 to 64% of the severity of downy mildew.

Signo radiológico: el lirio caído / Radiology sign: the drooping lily

Abstract: the drooping lily sign, also known as wilting flower, corresponds to an imaginological alteration reported over 40 years ago. Initially described in excretory urography, it represents the appearance of the inferior ureteropelvic renal system with a duplicated collecting system, in which the renal pelvis is horizontal and calices are discreetly directed towards caudal. Despite the current limited use of excretory urography, the drooping lily sign remains valid and of diagnostic use in voiding cystourethrograms (VCUG) (also micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG)), computed tomography urography (CTU) and magnetic resonance urography (MRU).

El signo del lirio caído (drooping lily en la literatura anglosajona), también llamado "flor marchita", corresponde a una alteración imaginológica reportada hace más de 40 años. Inicialmente descrito en pielografía de eliminación, representa el aspecto que adquiere el sistema pieloureteral inferior de un riñón con doble sistema excretor, dado por una pelvis renal de orientación horizontal y cálices que se dirigen discretamente hacia caudal. A pesar de la escasa utilización de la pielografía de eliminación en la actualidad, el signo de lirio caído sigue vigente y resulta de utilidad diagnóstica en uretrocistografía miccional, urografía por tomografía computarizada (UroTC) y urografía por resonancia magnética (UroRM).

Consumo de água pela cultura do lírio, cultivado em substratos alternativos em condições de ambiente protegido / Water consumption by the lily culture grown on alternative substrates in protected conditions

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo de água em oito substratos (casca de arroz carbonizada - CAC, cinza da casca de arroz queimada - CZ, fibra de coco - FC, terra do paraíso - TP, TP+CAC, TP+CZ, FC+CAC e FC+CZ) e definir qual desses substratos é melhor para produção comercial de lírio asiático "Orange Pixie®", cultivado em vaso e condições de ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, no Departamento de Fitotecnia da UFSM, Santa Maria, RS. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, utilizando-se 12 repetições e três plantas por vaso para determinar a freqüência de irrigação e o consumo de água. Para as avaliações dos parâmetros, estipularam-se limites de no mínimo 60% e no máximo de 80% da capacidade de recipiente, verificado diariamente em balança digital. As determinações realizadas nos substratos foram: densidade do substrato, porosidade total, espaço de aeração e água disponível. Na planta foram determinados os seguintes parâmetros: altura da planta e da inserção da primeira flor, número de folhas e flores, distância entrenó, comprimento médio das folhas e pétalas, largura média das folhas e pétalas, consumo total de água e freqüência de irrigação. Os resultados evidenciaram que o lírio asiático "Orange Pixie®" em vaso se adapta para cultivo em substrato de terra do paraíso e na mistura fibra de coco mais cinza de casca de arroz. Estes substratos apresentaram um consumo médio de água de 121,65 e 106,78mL e freqüência de irrigação de 22 e 21 dias, respectivamente. A melhor combinação não foi a que mais consumiu água, mas a que exigiu maior freqüência de irrigações.

This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of water in eight substrates (rice hulls - CAC, rice husk ash burned - CZ, coconut fiber - CF, land of paradise - TP, TP+CAC, TP+CZ , FC+CAC and FC+CZ) and define which of these substrates are the best for commercial production of Asiatic Lily 'Orange Pixie® ", grown in pots at protected conditions. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Department of Plant Science, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS. The experimental design was completely randomized using 12 replications and three plants per pot to determine the frequency of irrigation and water consumption. For evaluation of the parameters, it is stipulated limits of at least 60% and a maximum of 80% capacity of the container, checked daily using a digital scale. Measurements were performed on the substrates: the substrate density, total porosity, aeration and water space available. In plants, the following parameters were measured: plant height and insertion of the first flower, number of leaves and flowers, internode distance, average length of leaves and petals, average width of leaves and petals, total water consumption and irrigation frequency. The results showed that the Asiatic Lily 'Orange Pixie® "pot is suited for cultivation in the land of paradise substrate and coir mixture over rice husk ash. These substrates had an average water consumption of 121.65 and 106.78mL and irrigation frequency of 22 and 21 days respectively. The best combination was not the one consumed most water, but that one that required more frequent irrigation.

Caracterização anatômica e fitoquímica de folhas e rizomas de Hedychium coronarium J. Kõnig (Zingiberaceae) / Anatomical and phytochemical characterization of leaves and rhizomes from Hedychium coronarium J. Kõnig (Zingiberaceae)

Devido a grande potencialidade na utilização de Hedychium coronarium, na medicina popular e também como biorremediadora no tratamento de efluentes, objetivou-se uma diagnose dos órgãos, folha e rizoma, para elucidar resultados estruturais e fitoquímicos. A folha é anfiestomática, com predominância de estômatos na face abaxial. Em ambas as superfícies foliares há projeções de cera epicuticular sobre as paredes anticlinais das células epidérmicas. O mesofilo dorsiventral apresenta hipoderme multisseriada (3 camadas) em ambos os lados. O parênquima clorofiliano é diferenciado em paliçádico (1-2 camadas) e lacunoso (4-5 camadas) com muitos espaços intercelulares e ocorrência de idioblastos cristalíferos. Na nervura central, o aerênquima ocorre em único arco na região abaxial. Os feixes vasculares distribuem-se aleatoriamente e são de diferentes tamanhos, pequenos, médios e grandes, envolvidos por fibras. Os feixes menores localizam-se no lado abaxial da nervura. A triagem fitoquímica das folhas mostrou a presença de saponinas e ausência de taninos, antraquinonas, alcalóides e flavonóides. Por meio de Cromatografia em Camada Delgada foram identificadas as presenças de cariofileno e mirceno no óleo essencial bruto obtido a partir das folhas de H. coronarium.

Due to the great potentiality regarding the use of Hedychium coronarium in folk medicine and also as a bioremediator in effluent treatment, this study aimed to diagnose leaf and rhizome in order to elucidate structural and phytochemical results. Hedychium coronarium leaf is amphistomatal, with predominance of stomata on the abaxial surface. On both leaf surfaces, there are epicuticular wax projections over the anticlinal walls from epidermal cells. The dorsiventral mesophyll presents multiseriate (3 layers) hypoderm on both sides. The chlorophyllian parenchyma is differentiated into palisade (1-2 layers) and spongy (4-5 layers) with many intercellular spaces and some crystalliferous idioblasts. In the midrib, the aerenchyma occurs in a single arc on the abaxial surface. The vascular bundles are randomly distributed and present different sizes: small, medium and large, involved by fibers. The smallest bundles are found on the abaxial rib surface. The leaf phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponins and lack of tannins, anthraquinones, alkaloids and flavonoids. Using thin-layer chromatography, the presence of caryophyllene and myrcene was detected in the crude essential oil obtained from H. coronarium leaves.

Preparation Technology of Volatile Oils Obtained from Asarum and Lily magnolia Complexed with ?-cyclodextrin and Hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin and Its Impacts of Transdermal Absorption / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study the preparation of volatile oils obtained from asarum and lily magnolia complexed with ?-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin in Xuetie Dingchuan plaster,and to study its impacts of transdermal absorption.Methods The volatile oil was complexed with ?-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin.GC method was used in the determination of volatile oils complexed with ?-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin to investigate the impacts of transdermal absorption.Results The accumulation transmission of the volatile oils complexed with ?-cyclodextrin was superior to that with hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin.Conclusion The inclusion of volatile oils with ?-cyclodextrin can enhance drug penetration via skin.