Efficacy and safety of ultra rapid lispro in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled clinical trial / 中华内科杂志

Objective:To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of ultra-rapid lispro insulin (URLi) and humalog lispro (HL) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:This was an international multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled study. From May 2019 to January 2021, a total of 481 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who had been using insulin for at least 90 days and had poor glycemic control, were included. These patients were recruited from 34 research centers in China, including Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People′s Hospital. They were assigned to either the URLi group (319 patients) or the HL group (162 patients) using stratified blocked randomization. The primary endpoint was the change in hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c) relative to baseline after 26 weeks of treatment. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of patients who achieved HbA 1c<7.0% and ≤6.5% after 26 weeks of treatment, 1-h postprandial glucose (1hPG) or 2-h postprandial glucose (2hPG) excursions during a mixed meal tolerance test at week 26, as well as safety parameters. Continuous variables were compared using mixed model repeated measures or analysis of covariance, and categorical variables were compared using logistic regression or Fisher′s exact test. Results:Data based on the Chinese subgroup showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the URLi and HL groups in terms of male percentage [56.1% (179/319) vs. 56.2% (91/162); P=0.990], age [(59.5±8.4) vs. (59.6±9.3) years; P=0.839] and other baseline characteristics. Regarding the change in HbA 1c relative to baseline, the URLi group was non-inferior to the HL group (-0.59%±0.05% vs. -0.66%±0.06%; P=0.312). There were no statistically significant differences between the URLi and HL groups in proportion of patients who achieved HbA 1c<7.0% [47.3% (138/292) vs. 45.2% (70/155); P=0.907] and≤6.5% [27.7% (81/292) vs. 27.7% (43/155); P=0.816]. The excursions in 1hPG [(6.20±0.21) vs. (6.90±0.25) mmol/L; P=0.001] and 2hPG [(8.10±0.27) vs. (9.30±0.31) mmol/L; P<0.001] were lower in the URLi group than the HL group, with statistically significant differences. In terms of safety, there were no statistically significant differences in the percentage of subjects who reported treatment-emergent adverse events between the URLi and HL groups [49.8% (159/319) vs. 50.0% (81/162); P=1.000]. The event rate of nocturnal hypoglycemia was lower in the URLi group than the HL group, with statistically significant differences [(0.53±0.10) vs. (0.89±0.16) events per patient -year; P=0.040]. Conclusions:With good glycemic control, URLi showed non-inferiority for HbA 1c improvement versus HL and was superior to HL for postprandial glucose excursion control. Meanwhile the rate and incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia were lower in the URLi group than the HL group.

Progress in application of insulin analogues during pregnancy / 中华围产医学杂志

Insulin analogues can reduce gestational hyperglycemia more safely and effectively because their molecular structure and metabolic characteristics are more consistent with the characteristics of gestational glucose metabolism. However, the safety and effectiveness of some insulin analogues in pregnancy remain unclear. At present, only a few insulin analogues, insulin aspart, insulin lispro and insulin detemir, have been approved for use during pregnancy in China. As for misuse or off-label insulin analogues during pregnancy, clinicians should make adjustments based on published clinical safety data. In this review, the safety and progress in the management of gestational hyperglycemia with rapid- and long-acting insulin analogues and insulin degludec/insulin aspart are reviewed to provide reference for insulin therapy during pregnancy.

Determination of insulin lispro in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application in a pharmacokinetics study / 药学学报

Compared with human insulin, insulin lispro shows a faster hypoglycemic effect and a higher peak plasma concentration, which can better control postprandial hyperglycemia. In this study, we used a solid phase extraction pretreatment method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify insulin lispro in rat plasma. Bovine insulin was used as an internal standard. Plasma samples were separated on an ACQUITY UPLC Peptide CSH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) after solid phase extraction. Positive electrospray ionization was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with transitions of m/z 1 162.5→217.2 for insulin lispro and m/z 1 157.5→136.0 for insulin bovine (internal standard). The method validation results showed that the linear range was 0.1 ng·mL-1 - 100 ng·mL-1; intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision met the acceptance criteria for biological sample analysis. The recovery of insulin lispro ranged from 63.1% to 68.1%. The method was applied in a pharmacokinetic study of insulin lispro following a single-dose subcutaneous administration to rats. Animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Exenatide versus Insulin Lispro Added to Basal Insulin in a Subgroup of Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity is increasing in Korea. Clinical studies in patients with T2DM have shown that combining the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide twice daily with basal insulin is an effective glucose-lowering strategy. However, these studies were predominantly conducted in non-Asian populations. METHODS: We conducted a subgroup analysis of data from a multinational, 30-week, randomized, open-label trial to compare the effects of exenatide twice daily (n=10) or three times daily mealtime insulin lispro (n=13) among Korean patients with T2DM inadequately controlled (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] >7.0%) on metformin plus optimized insulin glargine. RESULTS: Exenatide twice daily and insulin lispro both reduced HbA1c (mean −1.5% and −1.0%, respectively; P<0.01 vs. baseline). Fasting glucose and weight numerically decreased with exenatide twice daily (−0.7 mmol/L and −0.7 kg, respectively) and numerically increased with insulin lispro (0.9 mmol/L and 1.0 kg, respectively). Minor hypoglycemia occurred in four patients receiving exenatide twice daily and three patients receiving insulin lispro. Gastrointestinal adverse events were the most common with exenatide twice daily treatment. CONCLUSION: This analysis found treatment with exenatide twice daily improved glycemic control without weight gain in Korean patients with T2DM unable to achieve glycemic control on metformin plus basal insulin.

Cost-minimization Analysis of Four Kinds of Premixed Insulin in the Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes / 中国药师

Objective:To evaluate the short-term economic effects of four kinds of premixed insulin in newly diagnosed type 2 dia-betes mellitus. Methods:A total of 120 newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into four groups according to the kind of premixed insulin, group A was treated with insulin aspart 30 injection, group B was treated with insulin lispro 25 injec-tion, group C was treated with isophane protamine biosynthetic human insulin injection and group D was treated with protamine zinc re-combinant human insulin injection. The course of treatment was three months. The therapy efficacy was assessed by the remission rate in three months. The short-term economic effect was evaluated by the cost-minimization analysis method. Results:The remission rate of group A, B, C and D respectively was 48. 39%, 48. 28%, 51. 61% and 51. 72% without significant difference (P>0. 05). The average cost per person of the four groups was 1195. 52, 1202. 41, 1220. 69 and 1258. 84 yuan, and the average medicine cost per person was 750. 52, 689. 41, 754. 69 and 764. 34 yuan, respectively. There was no significant difference in cost among the four groups (P >0. 05). Conclusion:All the four kinds of premixed insulin can be used for the starting treatment with the similar total cost, and in relative terms, aspart 30 injection and insulin lispro 25 injection are better for the initial treatment of diabetes.

Low Plasma Insulin Level Prolonged Hypoglycemia after High dose Insulin Lispro Injection

Increased plasma insulin levels are often observed in exogenous insulin overdose patients. However, plasma insulin level may decrease with time. We report a case of low plasma insulin level hypoglycemia after insulin lispro overdose. The patient was a 37-year-old man with no previous medical history who suspected insulin lispro overdose. Upon arrival, his Glasgow coma scale was 3 points and his blood sugar level (BSL) was 24 mg/dl. We found five humalog-quick-pen (insulin lispro) in his bag. There was no elevation of glucose level, despite an initial 50 ml bolus of 50% glucose and 150 cc/hr of 10% dextrose continuous intravenous infusion. He also suffered from generalized tonic-clonic seizure, which was treated with lorazepam and phenytoin. We conducted endotracheal intubation, after which he was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). There were recurrent events of hypoglycemia below BSL<50 mg/dl after admission. We repeatedly infused 50 ml 50% glucose 10 times and administered 1 mg of glucagon two times. The plasma insulin level was 0.2 uU/ml on initial blood sampling and 0.2 uU/ml after 5 hours. After 13 hours, his BSL stabilized but his mental status had not recovered. Diffuse brain injury was observed upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and severe diffuse cerebral dysfunction was found on electroencephalography (EEG). Despite 35 days of ICU care, he died from ventilator associated pneumonia.

A comparison of effects between recombinant insulin lispro and insulin lispro in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus / 重庆医学

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of recombinant insulin lispro and insulin lispro in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM ) .Methods Forty‐eight T2DM patients with poor blood glucose control were randomly assigned to the recombinant insulin lispro group (observation group ,n=32) and insulin lispro group (control group ,n=16) according to the ratio of 2∶1 .On the basis of injection of the recombinant insulin glargine once daily before sleep ,the two groups were given the re‐combinant insulin lispro injection or insulin lispro injection once before each meal .The period of treatment was 16 weeks .The levels of HbA1c ,2 h postprandial blood glucose(2hPG) and fasting plasma glucose(FPG) before and after treatment were measured and compared between the two groups .The adverse events were evaluated at the end of treatment .Results Forty‐four cases finished the study ,28 cases in the observation group and 16 cases in the control group .The levels of HbA1c ,FPG and 2hPG after 16‐week treatment in the two groups were decreased significantly (P0 .05) .Conclusion The recombinant insulin lispro injection has non‐inferiority effects in the aspect of effectiveness compared with the lispro insulin injection ,moreover they have the same safety .

Effect of mixed protamine zinc recombinant human insulin lispro injection on glucose metabolism, immune function in patients with type 2 diabetes and its inflammatory mechanisms / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the mixed protamine zinc recombinant human insulin lispro injection on glucose metabolism, immune function in patients with type 2 diabetes and its inflammatory mechanisms.Methods 125 patients enrolled were randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table: control group (n =61) and observation group (n =64).The control group were received conventional treatment, observation group were received mixed protamine zinc recombinant human insulin lispro injection on the basis of control group, with a course of three months of both groups.The fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2h post prandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, insulin resistance index ( IRI) , CD4 +, CD8 +, CD4 +/CD8 +changes and inflammatory cytokines levels were compared before and after treatment between two groups. Results The level of FBG, 2hPG, HbA1c after treatment was respectively lower than that before treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and the above indexes of observation group after treatment was respectively lower than that of control group (P<0.05).The level of fasting insulin, IRI after treatment was respectively lower than that before treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and the above indexes of observation group after treatment was respectively lower than that of control group (P<0.05).The level of CD8 +was lower, CD4 +, CD4 +/CD8 +was higher after treatment than that before treatment in both groups, respectively (P<0.05), and the CD8 +level of observation group after treatment was lower, CD4 +, CD4 +/CD8 +was higher than that of control group, respectively (P<0.05).The level of TNF-α, IL-6, CRP after treatment was respectively lower than that before treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and the above indexes of observation group after treatment was respectively lower than that of control group (P<0.05).Conclusion The mixed protamine zinc recombinant human insulin lispro injection can significantly improve glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes, and enhance immune function, reduce inflammation, thereby reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events.

The therapeutic effect of insulin lispro mix 50/50 combined with metformin in newly diagnosed overweight/obese type 2 diabetic mellitus patients / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of insulin lispro mix 50/50 combined with mefformin in newly diagnosed overweight/obese type 2 diabetic mellitus patients.Methods Sixty-two patients with newly diagnosed overweight/obsess type 2 diabetic mellitus were randomly divided into observation group (32 cases) and control group (30 cases) by systematic sampling method.The observation group received insulin lispro mix 50/50 combined with metformin,and the control group received recombinant human insulin and insulin glargine.The therapeutic effect and safety were compared between the 2 groups.Results There were no statistical differences in the blood glucose before eating,before retiring and at mane primo 3:00 between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).There were no statistical differences in the time of blood glucose standard and rate of hypoglycaemia between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Daily insulin dosage and costs in the observation group were lower than those in the control group [(0.6 ± 0.1) U/kg vs.(0.8 ± 0.1) U/kg and (15.8 ±2.1) yuan/d vs.(21.3 ±2.6) yuan/d],and there were statistical differences (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Insulin lispro mix 50/50 combined with mefformin provides a convenient,effective and safe therapy for newly diagnosed overweight/obese type 2 diabetic mellitus patients and high cost performance.

The use of insulin lispro in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

The incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents are increasing around the world,along with the suboptimal glucose control and higher incidence of long-term chronic complications during adulthood.Achieving good glycemic control and avoiding brain function damages induced by hypoglycemia are important when treating type 1 diabetes.Insulin lispro,a rapid-acting insulin used either alone or in combination with basal insulin analogue,can be effective,safety,and flexible.

Insulin analogues in the treatment of diabetes in pregnancy / Análogos de insulina no tratamento do diabetes gestacional

Pregnancy affects both maternal and fetal metabolism, and even in non-diabetic women, it exerts a diabetogenic effect. Among pregnant women, 2% to 14% develop gestational diabetes. Pregnancy can also occur in women with preexisting diabetes, which may predispose the fetus to many alterations in organogenesis, restrict growth, and the mother, to some diabetes-related complications, such as retinopathy and nephropathy, or to acceleration of the course of these complications, if they are already present. Women with gestational diabetes generally start their treatment with diet and lifestyle changes; when these changes are not enough for optimal glycemic control, insulin therapy must then be considered. Women with type 2 diabetes using oral hypoglycemic agents are advised to change to insulin therapy. Those with preexisting type 1 diabetes should start intensive glycemic control. As basal insulin analogues have frequently been used off-label in pregnant women, there is a need to evaluate their safety and efficacy. The aim of this review is to report the use of both short- and long-acting insulin analogues during pregnancy and to enable clinicians, obstetricians, and endocrinologists to choose the best insulin treatment for their patients.

A gravidez afeta tanto o metabolismo materno quanto o fetal e, mesmo em mulheres não diabéticas, apresenta um efeito diabetogênico. Entre as mulheres grávidas, 2% a 14% desenvolvem o diabetes gestacional. A gravidez pode ocorrer também em mulheres já diabéticas, o que pode predispor o feto a muitas alterações na organogênese, restrição de crescimento e a mãe a algumas complicações relacionadas ao diabetes, tais como retinopatia e nefropatia, ou acelerar o curso dessas complicações se já estiverem presentes. Pacientes com diabetes gestacional geralmente iniciam seu tratamento com dieta e mudanças no estilo de vida; porém, quando essas medidas falham em atingir um controle glicêmico adequado, a insulinoterapia deve ser considerada. Pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 em uso de hipoglicemiantes orais são aconselhadas a iniciar o uso de insulina. Pacientes com diabetes tipo 1 preexistente devem iniciar um controle glicêmico estrito. Em função do fato de os análogos basais de insulina estarem sendo utilizados muito frequentemente off-label em pacientes grávidas, faz-se necessário avaliar sua segurança e eficácia nessa condição. O objetivo desta revisão é avaliar o uso de tais análogos, tanto de ação curta como prolongada, durante a gravidez, para possibilitar médicos clínicos, obstetras e endocrinologistas escolher o melhor regime terapêutico para suas pacientes.

Régimen con insulina lispro mix 25 versus insulina glargina para la diabetes tipo 2 / Starting an insulin regimen with insulin lispro mix 25 versus glargine insulin for type 2 diabetes

La información sobre el inicio de regímenes de insulina en poblaciones específicas con diabetes tipo 2 (DT2) es limitada. Se comparó eficacia y seguridad de dos regímenes de inicio: insulina lispro mix 25 (LM25) e insulina glargina basal (GL). Se evaluaron 193 pacientes no tratados previamente con insulina, en la fase de iniciación de 24 semanas del ensayo DURABLE; edades: 30-79 años, DT2 controlada inadecuadamente (HbA1c > 7.0%) con = 2 medicaciones orales antidiabéticas (MOAs), aleatorizados para LM25 (25% de insulina lispro, 75% de insulina lispro protamina en suspensión) dos veces/día, o GL (insulina glargina basal) una vez/ día, a las MOAs previas. La eficacia primaria se midió por HbA1c a las 24 semanas. Se midió eficacia secundaria por: proporción de pacientes que alcanzaron HbA1c= 6.5% y= 7.0%, cambio en peso corporal, valores de automonitoreo glucémico e índices de hipoglucemia. LM25 demostró mayor reducción de la HbA1c (- 2.4% ± 0.16 vs. -2.0% ± 0.16, P = 0.002), mayor proporción de pacientes alcanzaron HbA1c= 7.0% (P = 0.012) y niveles de glucemia menores después del desayuno (P = 0.028) y de la cena (P = 0.011), y a las 3 a.m. (P = 0.005) comparada con GL. La glucemia en ayunas (GA) y la proporción de pacientes que alcanzaron una HbA1c= 6.5% fueron similares. En ambos grupos hubo aumento del peso corporal, mayor en la valoración final con LM25 (6.35 kg vs. 4.23 kg, P < 0.001). No hubieron diferencias en índices de hipoglucemia entre grupos, ni eventos adversos serios en ninguno. Con LM25 fue mejor el control de glucosa, riesgo de hipoglucemia similar y mayor aumento de peso que GL.

Information on starting insulin regimens in specific populations with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is limited. This analysis compared efficacy and safety of two starter insulin regimens: insulin lispro mix 25 (LM25) and basal insulin glargine (GL) in patients from Argentina. This post-hoc analysis evaluated 193 insulin-naïve patients who participated in the DURABLE trial 24-week initiation phase. Patients 30-79 years with T2D inadequately controlled (HbA1c > 7.0%) with = 2 oral antihyperglycemic medications (OAMs), were randomized to add LM25 (25% insulin lispro, 75% insulin lispro protamine suspension) twice daily or GL (basal insulin glargine) once daily to pre-study OAMs. Primary efficacy was measured by HbA1c at 24-week endpoint. Secondary measures included: proportion of patients achieving HbA1c= 6.5% and= 7.0%, body weight change, self-monitored blood glucose (BG) values, and hypoglycemia rates. LM25 demonstrated greater HbA1c reduction (- 2.4% ± 0.16 vs. -2.0% ± 0.16, P = 0.002), a higher proportion of patients achieving HbA1c= 7.0% (P = 0.012), and lower BG levels after the morning (P = 0.028) and evening (P = 0.011) meals, and at 3:00AM (P = 0.005) compared with GL. Fasting BG and proportion of patients achieving HbA1c= 6.5% were similar between groups. Both groups increased body weight, although the gain was higher at endpoint with LM25 (6.35 kg vs. 4.23 kg, P < 0.001). No differences in hypoglycemia rates were observed between groups, and no serious adverse events were reported for either group. In this subgroup from Argentina, LM25 demonstrated greater improvement in glucose control with similar risk of hypoglycemia and more weight gain than GL.

Effects of Twice-Daily Injections of Premixed Insulin Analog on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

PURPOSE: Premixed insulin is effective to improve glycemic control; however, clinicians may be less likely to know which premixed insulin is appropriate for which patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of twice-daily injections of premixed insulin lispro on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty type 2 diabetic patients, who had been treated with twice-daily injections of human protamine mixture 30/70 insulin for at least 12 months, were divided into two groups; one group whose blood glucose 2 hours after breakfast was greater than 200 mg/dL, was switched to lispro mix50, and the other group whose blood glucose 2 hours after breakfast < 200 was switched to lispro mix25. RESULTS: Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) significantly improved in the Mix50 group from 8.3% to 7.5% (at 12 weeks; p < 0.05), and to 7.5% (at 24 weeks; p < 0.05). On the other hand, HbA1c levels in the Mix25 group were slightly decreased from 8.1% to 7.7% at 12 weeks (p < 0.05), and to 7.9% at 24 weeks (not significant). Both postprandial plasma glucose and fasting plasma glucose levels were significantly improved in the Mix50 group, but not in the Mix25 group. Overall, 95% of subjects preferred premixed lispro insulin from human insulin in the viewpoint of the timing of insulin injection by questionnaire analysis. CONCLUSION: Switching from human protamine mixture 30/70 insulin to lispro mix50 twice-daily injection therapy in patients with high postprandial plasma glucose could improve their glycemic control and quality of life.

Two Cases Reports of Prevention of Hypoglycemia with Administration of Insulin lispro on Diabetes in Pregnancy / 대한산부인과학회잡지

Insulin therapy is indicated in the treatment of gestational diabetic women and overt diabetic pregnant women for hyperglycemia after failure to respond to the diets and exercise regimens. The insulin is administered to mimic normal pancreatic function. The normal pancreas secretes 50% of the total daily insulin as mealtime boluses. This delivery may be mimicked by four-injection-per-day of combination of NPH and regular insulin (RI). Hypoglycemia is a well-recognized complication of intensive insulin therapy in patients with Type II diabetes. Recently, it has been reported that insulin-lispro, an analogue of regular human insulin with a peak insulin action achieved with a 1 hour after injection improves postprandial glucose concentration in non-pregnant diabetic patients. Treatment of gestational or diabetic pregnant women with NPH and insulin-lispro has significantly lower postprandial glucose levels without an increase in hypoglycemic events. Here, we report 2 cases of hyperglycemic control with four times daily administration of NPH & insulin-lispro on diabetes in pregnancy, with brief reviews.

Clinical study of insulin Lispro in the treatment of diabetes mellitus / 中国实用内科杂志

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of insulin Lispro in type 1 or type 2 diabetic patients.Methods Forty diabetic patients were assigned to receive premeal insulin Lispro plus bedtime Neutral Protamine Hagedorn(NPH)insulin for 12 weeks.The following characters were compared between before and after treatment,including fasting plasma glucose(FPG),1 h and 2 h postprandial glucose(after a standardized meal),glycosylated hemoglobin(GHbA_1c)levels,total daily insulin dose and the number of hypoglycemic episodes.Results Thirty-nine subjects fulfilled the study.After 12 weeks of Lispro treatment,the levels of FPG and 1 h and 2 h postprandial glucose were decreased significantly,being 1.12 mmol/L,2.37 mmol/L and 1.92 mmol/L respectively;GHbA_1c was decreased by 1.45%(from 8.9% to 7.5%).The dose of insulin Lispro was not changed,compared with the dose of regular human insulin at baseline.The incidence of hypoglycemia was decreased from 19.5 every week at baseline to 9.8 every week with Lispro.Conclusion Insulin Lispro is an effective agent for good glucose control with fewer hypoglycemic episodes in diabetic patients.

Study and use of insulin analogues / 肠外与肠内营养

There have appeared many new insulin analogues in recently years. Two of them are rapid-acting insulin analogues(aspart,lispro).The regions between the insulin analog molecules were modified,which have shorter time than regular human insulin in onset of action,peak,duration of acting,and are better in decreasing postprandial glucose and opportunity of hypoglycemia before next meal.The another insulin analogues were galargine and detemir.They were obtained from changing insulin isoelectric point and increasing molecular weight,which lengthen time for disintegration,absorption and action and have little absorption variation and no overt peak.They can simulate physiological base insulin excretion.

Comparison of the effect between insulin lispro 75/25 and humulin 70/30 on the postprandial blood glucose excursion in patients with diabetes / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

The effects of human insulin 70/30 and insulin lispro 75/25 were compared in improving postprandial blood glucose excursions in 106 patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes in a one-month,open-labelled,self- controlled trial .The results showed that treatment of diabetic patients with insulin lispro 75/25 significantly improved 2 h postprandial blood glucose excursion compared to pre-study with human insulin 70/30 (baseline) without any significant adverse events or sustained hypoglycemic episodes.These physiological benefits were associated with a patient preference for insulin lispro 75/25.