Por que precisamos diferenciar a pulsão de apoderamento da pulsão de morte? / Why do we differentiate the instinct to master from the death drive? / Pourquoi différencier la pulsion d'emprise de la pulsion de mort? / ¿Por qué necesitamos diferenciar la pulsión de empoderamiento de la pulsión de muerte?

O artigo consiste em um resgate tradutório-conceitual das diferenças entre a pulsão de apoderamento e os aspectos da pulsão de morte. Para sustentar a proposta, apoiamo-nos em Sigmund Freud e no ensino de Jacques Lacan. Considerando que o termo usado por Freud, Bemächtigungstrieb, foi traduzido nas formas de pulsão de dominação e pulsão de apoderamento, defendemos que a segunda possibilidade de tradução permite conceituá-la originariamente, designando a força para apoderar-se do mundo, operacionalizada pelo aparelho muscular. Assim, localizamos sua ação participativa na organização constitutiva do sujeito, sublinhando sua especificidade no terceiro tempo da pulsão, chamada aqui de apassivada. A retomada expõe a distinção da pulsão de morte da ideia de dominação, explorando a natureza do apoderar-se, reabrindo o campo epistemológico.

This article develops a translation-conceptual resumption of the differences between the instinct to master and aspects of the death drive, based on Sigmund Freud and teachings by Jacques Lacan. Since Bemächtigungstrieb, term used by Freud, was translated both as "pulsão de dominação" and "pulsão de apoderamento" in Portuguese, the texts argues that the latter translation allows us to conceptualize it as originally intended, as a force to master the world, operationalized by the muscular apparatus. Thus, we point out its participatory action in the constitutive organization of the subject, underlining its specificity in the third time of the drive, called here passivation. This resumption reveals the distinction between the death drive and the idea of mastery, exploring the nature of taking possession, reopening the epistemological field.

Cet article développe une reprise conceptuelle des différences entre la pulsion d'emprise et la pulsion de mort, en s'appuyant sur Freud et les enseignements de Lacan. Puisque Bemächtigungstrieb, terme utilisé par Freud, a été traduit à la fois par "pulsão de dominação" et "pulsão de apoderamento" en portugais, nous soutenons que cette dernière traduction nous permet de la conceptualiser tel qu'elle était prévue à l'origine, comme une force de maîtrise du monde, opérationnalisée par l'appareil musculaire. Ainsi, on signale son action participative dans l'organisation constitutive du sujet, en soulignant sa singularité dans le tiers temps de la pulsion, appelé ici passivation. Cette reprise révèle la distinction entre la pulsion de mort et l'idée de domination, explorant la nature du "se saisir", rouvrant le champ épistémologique.

Este artículo realiza un rescate de traducción-concepto de las diferencias entre la pulsión de empoderamiento y los aspectos de la pulsión de muerte. Para sostener la propuesta, utilizamos los aportes de Freud y de Jacques Lacan. Considerando que el término Bemächtigungstrieb utilizado por Freud fue traducido como "pulsión de dominio" y "pulsión de empoderamiento", argumentamos que esta segunda posibilidad de traducción permite conceptualizar el término originalmente como una fuerza para apoderarse del mundo, puesta en práctica por el aparato muscular. Así su acción participativa se sitúa en la organización constitutiva del sujeto, subrayando su especificidad en el tercer tiempo de la pulsión llamado aquí pasivación. La reanudación apunta a la distinción entre la pulsión de muerte y la idea de dominio, y explora la naturaleza de la toma de posesión reabriendo su campo epistemológico.

Adaptación de una metodología de especificaciones en la calificación y retroalimentación en la enseñanza de cursos de ciencias básicas en una carrera de la salud para mejorar los aprendizajes y la motivación / Adaptation of a specifications gradings and feedback methodology for basic sciences courses teaching in a health science career to improving learning and motivation

Introducción: la enseñanza de cursos de ciencias básicas en carreras de la salud es un desafío por no estar directa e inmediatamente rela-cionada con el ámbito profesional. Por otra parte, las condiciones de estrés que ha impuesto el trabajo a distancia requiere de metodologías motivantes, y, que a su vez permitan una evaluación significativa. Objetivos: reportar las adaptaciones metodológicas y los resultados de una adaptación local de la metodología de especificaciones de las calificaciones y retroalimentación del trabajo. Métodos: se aplica una metodología de formación basada en la retroalimentación en el curso de Física para estudiantes de Tecnología Médica (N=106) durante un semestre. Las calificaciones promedio de los estudiantes fueron comparadas con las obtenidas en años anteriores. Para evaluar el desempeño docente se realizaron 2 encuestas a los estudiantes. El cumplimiento de los logros de aprendizaje se midió mediante auto-evaluación (escala likert 1 a 5) al inicio y término de cada uno de los cuatro capítulos. Resultados: las reprobaciones y eliminaciones de estudiantes en el curso fueron menores a años anteriores, siendo las notas significativamente mayores subiendo desde 4,89 a 6,29 (escala de 1 a 7, p<0,001). Los estudiantes se mostraron en un 95% satisfechos con el desempeño docente y finalmente, la auto-evaluación de logros de aprendizaje mostró un aumento promedio de 1 punto. Conclusiones: la metodología de evaluación basada en especificaciones adaptada a dos entregas y con evaluaciones en una escala no-binaria mejoró el rendimiento, los logros de los aprendizajes esperados y la motivación de los estudiantes.

Background: Teaching basic science courses in health careers is a challenge because these courses are not directly linked to professional practice. On the other hand, the stressful conditions imposed by distance work require motivating methodologies and a meaningful evaluation. Objectives: To report the methodological adaptations and the results of a local adaptation of the specifications grading and feedback methodology. Methods: A training methodology based on feedback is applied in the Physics course for Medical Technology students (N = 106) during one semester. We compared the students' average grades to those obtained in previous years with the same topics. To evaluate the teaching performance, we conducted two student surveys. We measure compliance with learning achievements by self-assessment (Likert scale 1 to 5) at the beginning and end of each of the four chapters. Results: Failures and eliminations of students in the course were lower than previous years, with significantly higher grades from 4.89 to 6.29 (p <0.001). The students were 95% satisfied with the teaching performance, and finally, the self-evaluation of learning achievements showed an average increase of 1 point. Conclusion: The evaluation methodology based on specifications adapted to two deliveries and evaluations on a non-binary scale improved the performance, expected learning achievements, and students' motivation.

The unbearable mastery of gender: the division of the subject between Butler and Lacanian psychoanalysis / A insustentável mestria do gênero: a divisão do sujeito entre butler e a psicanálise lacaniana

RESUMO: Este artigo propõe uma articulação entre os trabalhos iniciais de Judith Butler na década de 1990 e o recente livro de Clotilde Leguil sobre as incidências do gênero na constituição do sujeito. Nosso percurso começa tensionando o gênero entre desejo e demanda por meio da teoria lacaniana dos anos 1950 e 1960 para, em seguida, avançar rumo a algumas contribuições que a teoria lacaniana dos discursos nos anos 1970 pode oferecer para esse debate. Nossa intenção é evidenciar a divisão estrutural do sujeito a despeito das exigências de unificação subjetiva veiculadas pelos ideais do gênero, atestando sua insustentável mestria.

Abstract: This article proposes an articulation between the initial works of Judith Butler in the 1990s and the recent book by Clotilde Leguil on the incidences of gender in the constitution of the subject. We begin by tensioning gender in between desire and demand, resorting to Lacanian theory in the 1950s and the 1960s; then, we move towards some of the contributions that Lacanian theory of discourses in the 1970s can offer to this debate. Thus, our aim is to demonstrate that, even when the subject assumes an identification with a master-signifier among those conveyed by the ideals of gender, he/she remains divided and incoherent under this identification, something that attests its unsustainable mastery.

Avaliação da motivação para a escrita: adaptação portuguesa de um questionário multifatorial / Assessing writing motivation: a portuguese adaptation of a multicomponent measure / Evaluación de la motivación para la escritura: adaptación portuguesa de un cuestionario multifactorial

Muitos estudos sugerem a existência de uma relação recíproca entre escrita e motivação. O principal objetivo do presente estudo foi o de validar um questionário que permita avaliar a autoeficácia, os objetivos, as crenças e as atitudes em relação à escrita. Foi conduzida uma análise fatorial através de uma análise de componentes principais. Para a autoeficácia, foram encontrados fatores para as tarefas e para as estratégias. Para os objetivos, um fator de mestria e outro de desempenho ou resultado. Para as crenças, um fator relacionado com o conteúdo e outro com as convenções. Para as atitudes, um único fator. O presente questionário revela-se fundamental para a investigação a se desenvolver futuramente sobre as relações entre a escrita e a motivação.

A large corpus of empirical evidence suggests a reciprocal relation between writing and motivation. The main goal of the current study was to validate a questionnaire that is able to measure self-efficacy, goal orientation, beliefs, and affect towards writing. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted using principal components analysis (PCA). Concerning self-efficacy, factors were found for writing tasks and for writing strategies. As for goal orientation, factors were found for mastery and for performance. For beliefs, factors were found for beliefs related with content and with linguistic conventions. A single factor was found for affect. The multifactorial motivation measure developed in the present study will be essential in future research aiming to deepen the understanding of the relationship between writing and motivation.

Muchos estudios sugieren la existencia de una relación recíproca entre la escritura y la motivación. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue validar un cuestionario que permita evaluar la autoeficacia, objetivos, creencias y actitudes hacia la escritura. Se realizó un análisis factorial a través de un análisis de componentes principales. Para la autoeficacia, se encontraron factores para las tareas y estrategias. Para los objetivos, se encontró un factor de aprendizaje y otro factor de desempeño o de resultado. Para las creencias, un factor se relaciona con el contenido y el otro con las convenciones. Para las actitudes, un único factor. Este cuestionario es fundamental para el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones sobre la relación entre escritura y motivación.

A importância da tomada da palavra na escola / La importancia de la toma de la palabra en la escuela / The importance of the seizure of speech in school

Um dos princípios que regem o capitalismo e a sociedade de consumo é o de que as mercadorias devem ser rapidamente consumidas para que os consumidores acreditem estar sempre precisando de novas. Como bem percebeu Lacan, essa lógica é oposta à do desejo que tem como objeto o próprio desejar. Nesses termos, para que a escola não seja incorporada à lógica da sociedade de consumo, a partir das análises de Lajonquière sobre as relações entre a mestria e a tomada da palavra, este texto sugere a possibilidade de uma escola que abra uma perspectiva para o desejo de desejar.

Uno de los principios que rigen el capitalismo y la sociedad de consumo es el de que las mercancías deben ser rápidamente consumidas para que los consumidores crean estar siempre necesitando de nuevas mercancías. Como bien percibió Lacan, esa lógica es opuesta a la del deseo, cuyo objeto es el propio desear. En esos términos, para que la escuela no sea incorporada a la lógica de la sociedad de consumo, a partir de los análisis de Lajonquière sobre las relaciones entre la maestría y la toma de la palabra, este texto sugiere la posibilidad de una escuela que abra una perspectiva para el deseo de desear.

One of the principles governing capitalism and consumer society is that commodities must be consumed quickly so that consumers believe that they are always in need of new commodities. As Lacan understood, this logic is opposite to the logic of desire, whose object is desire itself. In these terms, to prevent the school from being incorporated into the logic of the consumer society, and drawing on Lajonquière's analyses of the relations between the mastery and the seizure of speech, this paper suggests the possibility of a school that opens a perspective to the desire to desire.

Optimism and resilience in patients with breast cancer: chain mediating effect of mastery and self-efficacy / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the chain mediating effect of mastery and self-efficacy between optimism and resilience of breast cancer patients.Methods Totally 262 breast cancer patients were investigated with general information questionnaire,resilience scale (RS-14),mastery scale for Chinese version (MSC),general self-efficacy scale (GSES) and revised life orientation test (LOT-R).Causual steps and Bootstrap method were used to test the chain mediating effect of mastery and self-efficacy between optimism and resilience.Results The media score of the participants was 18 for optimism,and the average score of the participants was 27.1±4.6 for mastery,26.0±5.9 for self-efficacy,76.6± 13.9 for resilience.There existed a significant difference in RS-14 scores among the patients with different family relationships,family income,and form of payment (all P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that optimism,mastery,self-efficacy,and resilience were positively correlated with each other(r=0.57-0.74,all P＜ 0.01).Mediation modeling analysis showed that optimism had a direct effect on resilience.The effect value was 0.361,and the effect was 49.7％.Mastery and self-efficacy mediation effect value were 0.123 and 0.162,and the mediation effect were 16.9％ and 22.3％.While chain mediating effect of mastery-self-effcacy was also significant,and the mediation effect value was 0.081 and the mediation effect was 11.1％.Conclusion Optimism influences breast cancer patients' resilience,not only through the direct path,but also through the indirect path of mastery and self-efficacy,as well as the chain mediating path between these two variables.

Clinical nursing effect, knowledge mastery and adverse events in patients after vitreoretinal microsurgery by multi-stage health education / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical nursing effect of multi-stage health education in patients after vitreoretinal microscopy and its effects on their knowledge mastery and the adverse events. Methods The clinical data of 100 patients who had received vitreoretinal microsurgery between April 2015 and April 2017 were analyzed. These patients were divided into 2 groups by random digits table method.The 50 cases given routine nursing were taken as the control group,whereas the other 50 given both routine nursing and multi-stage health education as the observation group.The clinical nursing effect, knowledge mastery and adverse events were compared between the two groups. Results The position holding time and the length of hospital stay was respectively(171.45±25.36)min and(8.10±1.05)d in the observation group,and was respectively(90.20±24.10)min and(10.40±2.31)d in the control group,with the difference between the two groups being statistically significant (t =16.422, 6.409, P<0.05). The percentages of relevant skills and knowledge mastery was respectively 92.00% (46/50) and 96.00% (48/50) in the observation group, and was respectively 60.00% (30/50) and 64.00% (32/50) in the control group,with statistically significant difference shown between the two groups(χ2=14.035,16.000,P<0.05). Patients with increased intraocular pressure, impaired vision and sore eyes in the observation group accounted for 24.00% (12/50), 26.00% (13/50) and 26.00% (13/50) respectively, whereas those with increased intraocular pressure,impaired vision and sore eyes in the control group was respectively 82.00%(41/50),80.00%(40/50)and 86.00%(43/50),the difference was significant(χ2=33.762,29.265,36.560,P<0.05). Conclusions For patients who had undergone vitreoretinal microsurgery, multi-stage health education can prolong the duration of position holding,shorten the length of hospital stay,and improve the patients'knowledge mastery and reduce the incidence of adverse events.

Fundamentos biomecánicos de la lucha deportiva / Biomechanical fundamentals of sports wrestling

La práctica de la lucha ha permitido elaborar las estructuras más efectivas de las acciones técnicas, las cuales pueden ser divididas en acciones de ataques, defensas y contraataques. Los luchadores que tienen un buen desarrollo técnico dominan a menudo a contrarios que los superan en fuerza física. Con dicho fin, recurren a movimientos que, con su ejecución correcta y con una exacta aplicación y dirección de las fuerzas interiores y exteriores, forman una estructura de la llave, defensa y contrallave que aseguran una ventaja en fuerza o permiten ganar tiempo. Para desentrañar las leyes de la técnica de la lucha es necesario analizar todos los movimientos fundamentales de los luchadores. Este análisis es conveniente realizarlo, en primer lugar, con el estudio de la interacción de la fuerza mecánica que surge en la ejecución de las acciones técnicas. Por ello, el objetivo del estudio es plantear los fundamentos biomecánicos en el proceso de los ejercicios físicos y el análisis de las acciones motoras del luchador como sistema de movimientos activos recíprocamente relacionados(AU)

The wrestling practice has allowed the elaboration of most effective structures of the technical actions, which can be divided into actions of attacks, defenses, and counterattacks. The fighters who have a good technical development often dominate opponents who overcome them in physical strength. To this end, they resort to movements that, with their correct execution and with an exact application and direction of the internal and external forces, form a technique structure, defense and counter-technique that assure an advantage in strength or allow time. To unravel the technique laws of wrestling it is necessary to analyze all fundamental movements of the fighters. This analysis is convenient to do, first, with the study of mechanical force interaction that arises in the technical actions execution. Therefore, the study objective is to propose the biomechanical fundamentals to process of physical exercises and motor actions analysis in wrestling as a system of active movements related reciprocally(AU)

Escala de metas de realização no trabalho: adaptação e evidências de validade / Goal achievement at work scale: adaptation and validity evidence / Escala de metas de logro en el trabajo: adaptación y evidencias de validez

O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em traduzir, adaptar e buscar evidências de validade para a Escala de Metas de Realização no Trabalho modelo 2x2. Participaram do estudo 358 trabalhadores, que responderam o instrumento com 23 itens. Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmatória indicaram que a escala com 18 itens apresentou melhor ajuste do modelo de quatro fatores (aproximação/ busca de maestria, evitação/fuga de maestria, aproximação/busca de desempenho, evitação/fuga de desempenho), o que vai ao encontro de estudos anteriores. Os índices de ajuste do modelo foram: CMIN/DF=2,12; SRMR=0,06; GFI=0,92; CFI=0,90; RMSEA=0,05. O instrumento apresenta índices adequados para uso em pesquisas sobre o tema e permite analisar as diferentes formas pelas quais um trabalhador busca o alcance de uma meta e qual orientação perpassa suas ações no trabalho.

This study aimed to translate, adapt and identify validity evidence for the 2×2 Framework of Goal Achievement at Work Scale. Participants comprised of 358 workers who responded to the 23-item instrument. Results from confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the 18-item scale presented better model fit than the four-factor model (mastery approach, mastery avoidance, performance approach, performance avoidance), which is consistent with previous studies. Model fit indices were: CMIN/DF=2.12; SRMR=0.06; GFI=0.92; CFI=0.90; RMSEA=0.05. The instrument presents appropriate indices for use in research on the topic and permits analysis of the different forms in which workers seek to achieve goals and which goal orientation permeates their actions at work.

El objetivo de este estudio fue traducir, adaptar y buscar evidencias de validez en la escala de Metas de Realización en el Trabajo Modelo 2x2. Los participantes del estudio fueron 358 trabajadores que respondieron el instrumento con 23 ítems. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio indicaron que la escala con 18 ítems presentó mejor ajuste del modelo de cuatro factores (aproximación/ búsqueda de maestría, evitación/fuga de maestría, aproximación/búsqueda de desempeño, evitación/fuga de desempeño), que corroboran estudios anteriores. Los índices de ajuste del modelo fueron: CMIN/DF=2,12; SRMR=0,06; GFI=0,92; CFI=0,90; RMSEA=0,05. El instrumento cuenta con índices adecuados para su uso en la investigación sobre el tema y permite analizar las diferentes formas en que un trabajador busca el alcance de una meta, y la orientación que posterga sus acciones en el trabajo.

La relación entre la discriminación percibida y el balance afectivo en personas con discapacidad física: el papel mediador del dominio del entorno / The relationship between perceived discrimination and affective balance on people with physical disabilities: the mediating role of environmental mastery / A relação entre a discriminação percebida e o balanço afetivo em pessoas com deficiência física: o papel mediador do dominio do ambiente

Numerosas investigaciones ponen de manifiesto que la discriminación percibida tiene un efecto negativo importante en la salud física y mental de las personas pertenecientes a diversos grupos estigmatizados. El objetivo del presente estudio es investigar la relación entre la discriminación percibida y el balance entre emociones positivas y negativas en personas con discapacidad física. Asimismo, se analiza el papel mediador de una variable especialmente relevante en relación con las personas con discapacidad física, el dominio del entorno (Ryff, 1989a), como factor protector de la influencia negativa de la discriminación. En el estudio participaron 52 personas con discapacidad física. Los resultados mostraron que la relación negativa entre la discriminación percibida y el balance afectivo se reduce significativamente al introducir el dominio del entorno en la ecuación. Asimismo, se encontró que la edad de los participantes está positivamente relacionada, tanto con el balance afectivo, como con el dominio del entorno. Esta investigación demuestra que en la medida en que las personas con discapacidad física se sienten con la habilidad personal de elegir o crear entornos favorables, los efectos negativos del estigma disminuyen.

There is a large body of research showing that perceived discrimination has a negative effect on physical and mental health of persons belonging to different stigmatized groups. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between perceived discrimination and affective balance in people with physical disabilities. In addition, the mediating role of a special relevant variable -the environmental mastery (Ryff, 1989a) - is analyzed in relation to people with physical disabilities as a protective factor against negative discrimination. Participants in the study were 52 people with physical disabilities. Results showed that the negative relationship between perceived discrimination and affective balance is significantly reduced by introducing environmental mastery into the equation. It was also found that the age of the participants shows a positive association both with affective balance and environmental mastery. This research shows that to the extent that people with physical disabilities feel able to choose or create favorable environments, the negative effects of stigma are reduced.

Numerosas pesquisas põem em evidência que a discriminação percebida tem um efeito negativo grande na saúde física e mental das pessoas pertencentes a diversos grupos estigmatizados. O objetivo do presente estudo é pesquisar a relação entre a discriminação percebida e o balanço entre emoções positivas e negativas em pessoas com deficiência física. Da mesma forma, analisa-se o papel mediador de uma variável especialmente relevante em relação com as pessoas com deficiência física, o domínio do ambiente (Ryff, 1989a), como fator protetor da influência negativa da discriminação. No estudo participaram 52 pessoas com deficiência física. Os resultados mostraram que a relação negativa entre a discriminação percebida e o balanço afetivo se reduz significativamente ao introduzir o domínio do ambiente na equação. Da mesma forma, encontrou-se que a idade dos participantes está positivamente relacionada, tanto com o balanço afetivo, como com o domínio do ambiente. Esta pesquisa demonstra que na medida em que as pessoas com deficiência física sentem-se com a habilidade pessoal de escolher ou criar ambientes favoráveis, os efeitos negativos do estigma diminuem.

Mastering Tasks Of Adolescene: The Key TomOptimum End Of Life Care of An Adolescent Dying of Cancer

Objective: This case report highlights the optimum end-of-life care of an adolescent dying of cancer. Method: We report our experience, as part of a multidisciplinary team in managing the cancers of a female student who died an untimely death at the age of 15. Results: Our role of motivating her for chemotherapy of her initial treatable carcinoma, became that of palliative care upon discovery of a second malignancy. We helped the patient “live life to the fullest” during her last days, she helped us realize that helping her master the tasks of adolescence was optimum “end-of-life care” as well. Conclusion: to help an ill adolescent die with dignity is to help her live whatever time she has left of her life. Allowing her to participate in decisions regarding her treatment and in other bio-psycho-social needs of that stage of life is crucial in helping her prepare for the end of life.

Evaluación de la pertinencia del programa de la Maestría en Educación Médica / Assessment of appropriateness of Medical Education Mastery

El presente trabajo, tuvo el objetivo de evaluar la pertinencia del actual Programa de la Maestría en Educación Médica que se desarrolla en la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública desde el año 1998, así como la calidad en la organización y ejecución del proceso docente educativo. Es una investigación de corte cualitativo y cuantitativo, los métodos utilizados fueron teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos, con la correspondiente triangulación metodológica de la información obtenida por diferentes fuentes para el análisis y arribo a las conclusiones correspondientes. Se realizó la revisión documental del programa, guías de estudio y evaluaciones de cada módulo en las tres ediciones. Se realizaron entrevistas a expertos del Sistema Nacional de Salud, a informantes claves. Se efectuaron encuestas a maestrantes que provienen de diferentes niveles del sistema formativo, con igual objetivo. Finalmente se desarrolló un grupo focal en el seno del Comité Académico donde se discutieron y fundamentaron los programas propuestos, con los cambios que permitirán su perfeccionamiento para futuras ediciones de la Maestría. Como resultado se identificaron los principales cambios en el actual sistema formativo y la necesidad de preparar a los docentes para conducir el proceso docente educativo con estas particularidades. Como conclusiones se destacan: existe un alto grado de satisfacción con el desarrollo del proceso docente educativo de la Maestría expresado por estudiantes y profesores. El perfeccionamiento del programa de la maestría se ha ido implementando en el desarrollo de cada uno de sus diferentes módulos. Se introdujo desde la 4ta edición el diseño y ejecución de las estrategias curriculares: investigación educacional en salud y tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones. Se utiliza el aula virtual en salud como recurso de aprendizaje y estrategia virtual de aprendizaje colaborativo, desde la 3ra edición

The objective of present paper is to assess the relevance of the current Medical Education Mastery Program developing in the Public Health National School from 1998, as well as the quality of the organization and the carrying out of educational teaching process. This is a quantitative and qualitative research using the following types of methods: theoretical, empirical and statistical with the corresponding methodological triangulation of the information obtained by different sources for the analysis and to come to the pertinent conclusions. The documentary review of this program was carried out, the study guidings and the evaluations of each module in the three editions. Interviews to experts of the National Health System were performed to key informers and also mastery surveys from different levels of the formative system with the same objective. Finally, a focal group was developed within the Academic Committee where the proposal programs were discussed and based, with changes that will allow its improvement for future editions of the Mastery. As result, we identified the major changes in the current formative system and the need to prepare students for to direct the educative teaching process with these peculiarities. As conclusions the following features stand out: that there is a high degree of satisfaction with the development of educational teaching process of Mastery expressed by students and professors. The mastery program improvement has been applying in the development of each of its different modules. From the fourth edition we have introduced the design and the execution of curricular strategies: educational research in health and information technologies and of communications. The health virtual classroom is used as a learning resource and virtual strategy of cooperative learning from the third edition

The Sense of Mastery and Health-Promoting Behaviors in the Vulnerable Female Elderly of Urban Areas

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the degree of the sense of mastery and health-promoting behaviors in the vulnerable female elderly of urban areas, and to determine factors influencing their health-promoting behaviors. METHODS: The subjects were 253 vulnerable female elders aged over 60 in D City. Data were collected by a questionnaire survey. Analysis of data was done with the SPSS/WIN program. RESULTS: The mean score of the sense of control was 15.8. It was significantly different according to living arrangement, and subjective health status. The mean score of health-promoting behavior was 3.8. It was significantly different according to living arrangement and subjective health status. Health-promoting behavior was affected more highly in subjects with a low degree of sense of mastery than in those with a medium degree of sense of mastery. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the sense of mastery is an important variable for health-promoting behavior. These findings may give useful information for developing health-promoting programs focused on the sense of mastery in vulnerable female elderly adults.

Goal orientation and mastery climate: a review of contemporary research and insights to intervention

This manuscript is a review of human achievement motivational theory, that emphases goal orientation and mastery climates. Specifically, it provides an overview of goal orientation researches and discusses how much the implementation of motivational climates in learning settings affects children and adolescents' psychological and behavioral responses. The manuscript concludes with further discussion about researches in this field, and emphases the in learning environments practical application.

Este artigo é uma revisão da teoria motivacional de conquistas, com ênfase na orientação de metas e contextos motivacionais para a maestria. Especificamente, o artigo propicia uma visão geral de pesquisas conduzidas em orientação de metas e discute como a implementação de contextos de motivação na aprendizagem influencia respostas psicológicas e comportamentais de crianças e adolescentes. O artigo conclui com uma discussão crítica sobre linhas de pesquisas futuras nesta área, enfatizando a aplicação prática em contextos de aprendizagem.

A Correlational Study on the Mastery and Depression in Chronic Arthritis Patients / 재활간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the level of mastery and depression in chronic arthritis patients. METHOD: The subjects for this study were 100 patients registered in S University Hospital, and the period of data collection was from June 20, 2006 to August 30, 2006. RESULTS: The cronbach's alpha of the research instruments were .70-.86. In data analysis, SPSSWIN 12.0 program was used for descriptive statistics. The results were as follows. 1) The range of total mastery scores was from 11 to 28 and the mean score of the depression in chronic arthritis patients was 17.88. 2) The range of total depression scores was from 20 to 72 and the mean score of the depression in chronic arthritis patients was 39.99. 3) The level of mastery was significant correlation with the level of depression in chronic arthritis patients(r=-.466, p<.01). CONCLUSION: Mastery had significant correlation with depression in patients who have chronic arthritis. Therefore, the strategy of nursing intervention which improve mastery must be developed for patients who have chronic arthritis.

Subject Diagnostic Analysis on the Medical licensing Examinationof Clinical Medical Students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The aim of China National Medical Licensing Examination (CNMLE) is to check and assess examinee's requirement for medical practice. In a certain extent, the score result of Medical Licensing Examination reflects the examinee's mastery degree of knowledge, ability and skills (SAKs) learned in medical school. Through the subject diagnostic analysis on the Medical Licensing Examination for certain samples, this research reviewed the clinical medical student's mastery degree of different SAKs. The author wishes the conclusion of this paper would be helpful to some aspects of medical education.