Attitude and knowledge of women between 45 and 65 years on menopause syndrome at the university college hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

This research was designed to find out the attitude and knowledge of women between 45 and 65 years on menopause syndrome and its management. The study was conducted in University College Hospital located in Ibadan North Local Government of Oyo state. A self-designed forced-choice questionnaire was distributed to 100 women using random sampling technique. Furthermore, our study showed that most women view the onset of menopause positively and that few seek treatment. They report relatively low prevalence of menopausal symptoms, with the most significant being irregular menstrual cycles and increased blood pressure and urinary tract infections. Furthermore, our study revealed that 41% of the participants had no idea why their menstrual period stopped, while why 60% of the women had no idea what could be done to reduce menopausal symptoms. This study reveals a low level of awareness about menopausal syndrome and more should be done. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[5]: 57-62).

Efectividad y seguridad del policresuleno en el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia. Estudio controlado y aleatorizado / Effectiveness and safety of polyresullen in the treatment of menopausal genitourinary syndrome. Controlled and randomized study

Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad y seguridad del policresuleno frente al estriol y el lubricante vaginal, en el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia en mujeres de Armenia (Quindío, Colombia). Materiales y métodos: en mujeres diagnosticadas con síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, se hizo un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado y triple ciego. Se asignaron tres grupos (estriol, n=86, lubricante vaginal, n=83 y policresuleno, n=82). El principal parámetro indicador de efectividad fue la elevación de la puntuación del índice de salud vaginal (ISV), mejoría de la función sexual de acuerdo al índice de Función Sexual Femenina Abreviado-6 (IFSFA-6), porcentaje de mejoría de la sintomatología e incidencia de efectos adversos.Resultados: la efectividad fue mayor con el uso del estriol, seguida del policresuleno y menor con el lubricante vaginal (92,82%, 75,69% y 63,74%, respectivamente, p =0,012); también se encontraron diferencias en la mejoría de la función sexual, según los puntajes del IFSFA-6 [29,29 ± 6,23 (estriol), 28,66 ± 6,12 (policresuleno) y 25,38 ± 6,27 (lubricante vaginal), p = 0,021], con diferencias en el porcentaje tanto de la mejoría de la sintomatología como en la presentación de efectos adversos (p = 0,001). Conclusiones: el policresuleno tiene una significativa efectividad en el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, superior frente al lubricante vaginal,pero inferior comparado con el estriol. Es evidente la presencia de efectos adversos, mayores con el estriol, seguido del policresuleno y luego del lubricante vaginal, sin cuestionar el notable perfil de seguridad del policresuleno..Au

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of policresulen against estriol and vaginal lubricant in the treatment of menopausal genitourinary syndrome in women from Armenia (Quindío, Colombia). Materials and methods: in women diagnosed with genitourinary menopausal syndrome, a randomized, three-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted. Three groups were assigned (estriol, n = 86, vaginal lubricant, n = 83 and policresulen, n = 82). The main indicator parameter of effectiveness was the elevation of the vaginal health index (ISV) score, improvement in sexual function according to the Abbreviated Female Sexual Function Index-6 (IFSFA-6), percentage of improvement in symptoms and incidence of adverse effects. Results: the effectiveness was greater with the use of estriol, followed by policresulen and less with the vaginal lubricant (92.82%, 75.69% and 63.74%, respectively, p = 0.012); Differences were also found in the improvement of sexual function, according to IFSFA-6 scores [29.29 ± 6.23 (estriol), 28.66 ± 6.12 (policresulen) and 25.38 ± 6.27 (vaginal lubricant), p = 0.021], with differences in the percentage of both improvement in symptoms and in the presentation of adverse effects (p = 0.001). Conclusions: polycresullen has a significant effectiveness in the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, superior compared to vaginal lubricant, but inferior when compared to estriol. The presence of adverse effects is evident, greater with estriol, followed by policresulen and then vaginal lubricant, without questioning the remarkable safety profile of polyresulin..Au

Characteristics and relationship of bone strength and body composition in pre- And post- menopausal Dongxiang women / 解剖学报

Objective To analyze the changes of bone strength and body composition in pre- and postmenopausal Dongxiang women and explore the impact of body composition change on bone strength. Methods From Sep. 2016 to Jul. 2018, 203 cases Dongxiang 41-50 year old women (102 cases of premenopause and 101 cases of postmenopause) of Gansu Province were selected by stratified random sampling method, whose bone strength and body composition indexes were measured by ultrasonic bone mineral density meter and body composition analyzer respectively. Results There were lower bone strength and muscle tissue composition in the postmenopausal Dongxiang women (P< 0.05), and there was higher fat tissue composition (P < 0.01). The prevalence of osteoporosis was higher in postmenopausal women (P < 0. 01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that muscle tissue composition was positively correlated with the bone strength (P<0. 01), and it was negatively correlated with fat tissue composition in the pre- and postmenopausal Dongxiang women (P < 0. 0 1). Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis showed that limb muscle mass and subcutaneous fat mass were a protective factor and a risk factor for bone strength in pre- and post-menopausal Dongxiang women, respectively. Conclusion The bone strength of Dongxiang women was determined by muscle and fat tissue, and associated with the distribution of body composition. The relationship between bone strength and body composition was not affected by menopause. Menopause was an important factor that increased the incidence of osteoporosis in Dongxiang women, and we should reinforce osteoporosis prevention in postmenopausal Dongxiang women. Strengthen physical exercise, increase limb muscle mass and reduce subcutaneous fat could contribute to increase bone strength and prevent osteoporosis in in the pre- and post-menopausal Dongxiang women.

Association between Green Tea Consumption and Sarcopenia in Menopausal Women: a Cross Sectional Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011

BACKGROUND: Many studies of the effect of catechins, a major substance in green tea, on sarcopenia have been conducted using animal models or as in vitro experiments, revealing that they increase muscle mass, inhibit proteases, and promote satellite cell proliferation. No study has been conducted targeting human subjects relative to the correlation between green tea and sarcopenia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between green tea intake and sarcopenia in menopausal women using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2011).METHODS: This study included 3,473 menopausal women after excluding those diagnosed with gastric cancer and other cancers. The frequency of green tea intake was determined based on the Food Frequency Questionnaire, and the value acquired from calibrating the extremity muscle mass measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with weight was used as the muscle mass. Sarcopenia was defined using values less than two standard deviations as cut-offs after determining the mean and standard deviation of the muscle mass in the group of young and healthy women.RESULTS: In menopausal women, the odds ratio of the group drinking a cup or less and two or more cups of green tea to that of the group not drinking green tea was 1.170 (0.891–1.536), and the 95% confidence interval was 1.530 (0.744–3.146). A significant linear trend was not observed in the result (P for trend 0.148).CONCLUSION: There was no significant correlation between green tea intake and sarcopenia in menopausal women in Korea.

The Effects of Aging on the Brain Stem Speech Encoding in Spontaneous Post-menopause Women / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of aging on the brain stem speech encoding in spontaneous post-menopause women.Methods There were twenty post-menopause women with normal hearing for test and twenty ovariectomized women with normal hearing for contrast.Speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) was used.The speech syllable /da/ as stimulus sound was transmitted to right ear by the insert earphones in speech-ABR test.Results Response waves of speech-ABR in ovariectomized women were similar to those in post-menopause women, which contained the onset response (peak V and A), the transition (peak C), the frequency following responses (peak D, E and F) and the offset response (peak O).The characteristics of speech-ABR's peak latency and magnitude were similar between the two groups.Except that the bilateral ovariectomized women had a shorter latency of waves O for the transient response (P0.05).After the combination of ovariectomized women and post-menopause women, the age of these subjects was positively correlated with the latency of O wave (P<0.05).Others had no correlation with age in the amplitude and latency of the waves of speech-ABR.Conclusion Aging does not affect on brain stem speech encoding in spontaneous post-menopause women.

The Analyses of Auditory Brainstem Pathway Encoding of Speech Sounds in Healthy Post -Menopause Women / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the basic characters of the speech - evoked audi‐tory brainstem response (speech - ABR) in healthy young women with that in post - menopause women and to get the changes of the probable factors for the auditory brainstem pathway encoding of speech sounds in healthy post -menopause women .Methods Speech - ABR of forty - seven normal hearing subjects including twenty - seven young women and twenty post - menopause women were recorded .The speech syllable /da/ as stimulus sound was trans‐mited to right ear by the insert earphones in speech - ABR test .Results The response waves of speech - ABR in post - menopause women were similar to those in young women ,which containal the onset responses (peak V and A) ,the transition (peak C) ,the frequency following responses (peak D ,E and F) and the offset response (peak O) .Except wave C ,the latency of wave V (6 .99 ± 0 .34ms) ,wave A (8 .32 ± 0 .49 ms) and wave O (48 .86 ± 0 .50 ms) in post - menopause women were evidently longer than those of in young women (the waveV :6 .60 ± 0 .25 ms ,wave A :7 .56 ± 0 .31 ms and wave O :47 .88 ± 0 .31 ms) ,while the amplitude of wave A ( - 0 .16 ± 0 .06 μV ) and O ( - 0 .12 ± 0 .06 μV ) in post - menopause women were obviously lower (modulus) than those of in young women (the wave A : - 0 .27 ± 0 .08 μV and O : - 0 .18 ± 0 .07 μV)(P< 0 .05) .In the FFR of speech - ABR ,the latency of wave D (23 .27 ± 0 .67 ms) ,wave E (31 .88 ± 0 .58 ms) and F (40 .61 ± 1 .22 ms) in post - menopause women were also longer than those of in young women (the wave D :22 .40 ± 0 .44 ms ,wave E :31 .00 ± 0 .43 ms and F :39 .53 ± 0 .61 ms) .Besides ,the amplitudes of wave D ( - 0 .12 ± 0 .04 μV ) and F ( - 0 .08 ± 0 .06 μV ) in post -menopause women were visibly lower (modulus) than those of in young women (the wave D : - 0 .17 ± 0 .08 μV and F : - 0 .16 ± 0 .07 μV)(P< 0 .05) . ④ The V /A slope also showed very significant difference ,the V/A slope in young women was much bigger than that in post - menopause women (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The synchronism and phase locking of auditory brainstem pathway to processing and encoding capability in healthy post - menopause women is poorer than those of in young women .It may suggest that the growth of the age and the decrease of hor‐mone will weaken the ability to processing of speech sounds in women .

Estrogen Receptor Alpha (Esr) Gene Polymorphism As Risk Factor For Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2dm) In Javenese Menopause Women of Indonesia.

Background: The number of menopausal women who suffer from low level estrogen-associated type-2 diabetes has been increasing recently. The role of estrogen in metabolism of glucose depends on estrogen receptor alpha expression that is regulated by estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR ?). PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms in the ESR ? receptor may decrease the expression of ESR ? protein and receptor activity, thereby increasing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in menopausal women. Purpose: to determine the ESR ? polymorphism as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in menopause women of Javanese in Indonesia Methods: Sixty five menopausal women were recruited for the study consisted of 40 women with T2DM and 25 women as control. PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reacton-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The absence of PvuII and XbaI restriction sites were indicated by “P1” and “X1” and presence by “P2” and “X2”, respectively. Chai Square test were used in statistical analyisis to measure Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) and the risk of P1/P2 and X1/X2 allele for suffering T2DM. Results: PvuII genotype was distributed as; 22.5% (P1P1), 45% (P1P2), 32.5% (P2P2) while XbaI genotype was distributed as 10 % (X1X1), 62.5% (X1X2) and 27.5% (X2X2) in diabetics respectively. There was no difference in distribution of P1 and P2 between diabetics and non diabetics but difference for X1 and X2 existed between groups. The frequency of P2 allele was 55 % while P1 allele frequency is 45% in diabetics. X2 allele frequency was 58.8% while X1 allele is 41.2%. X2 allele had an impact on the 3.6 times higher risk of getting type 2 diabetes in Javanese menopausal women (OR = 3.662, CI = 1.711 to 7.840) Conclusions: PvuII and XbaI polymorphism was found in Javanese menopause women of Indonesia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The allele frequency of P2 and X2 are 55% and 58.8% respectively. X2 allele was found as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Javanese menopause women of Indonesia.

Satisfacción con la vida asociada al apoyo familiar en la perimenopausia y posmenopausia / Life satisfaction associated with family support in perimenopause and postmenopause

In Mexico, women with 45 to 59 years of age represent almost 13.45% of the total of the female population, a number that will increase in the coming years. Based on the reference that menopause in Mexican women is present in an average range of ages from 47.3 to 49 and considering that life expectancy is 78 years, it can be deducted that women in this stage still have a third of their years left to live. In diverse publications, diverse definitions of perimenopause have been used. For the effects of this study, the Official Mexican Standard 035-SSA2-2002 was considered. In this way, perimenopause refers to the period where the signs begin, characterized by alterations in the intervals of the menstrual cycle and vasomotor symptoms. Meanwhile, menopause is amenorrea for 12 uninterrupted months, without a pathological or psychological cause, the moment from which is considered post menopause. Method The non-probabilistic sample was 300 women divided into two groups: 150 women in perimenopause and 150 in postmenopause (M=50.95 years; DE=4.072 years). In the moment of application of instruments, the women hadn't tried hormonal therapy and didn't present menopause because of early or induced ovary failure. The instruments that were applied were the satisfaction with life scale (Satisfaction With Life Scale

Introducción El incremento de mujeres que viven la etapa de perimenopausia y posmenopausia, ha favorecido diversos estudios enfocados principalmente a tratamientos basados en terapias de reemplazo hormonal; en el caso de la mujer mexicana poco se ha estudiado acerca de la satisfacción con la vida, la cual está relacionada a la salud mental. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar en un grupo de mujeres mexicanas el nivel de satisfacción con la vida y su asociación con el apoyo familiar, asumiendo que ambas están estrechamente relacionadas y cómo la percepción del apoyo familiar, escolaridad, ocupación, tener hijos y pareja predicen la alta satisfacción con la vida durante la peri y posmenopausia. Material y método La muestra se integró con 300 mujeres seleccionadas de manera no probabilística, quienes aceptaron participar en el presente estudio, 150 mujeres en perimenopausia y 150 en posmenopausia. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: mujeres sin terapia hormonal, sin falla ovári-ca prematura y sin menopausia inducida. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron: escala de satisfacción con la vida (SWLS) descrita por Diener, el Alfa de Cronbach para esta muestra fue de 0.799. Escala de Percepción de Apoyo Social-Familia, el alfa de Cronbach obtenido de este estudio fue de 0.922. Otra cédula aplicada fue de datos so-ciodemográficos. En el procesamiento de datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva para las variables sociodemográficas. La determinación de diferencias entre los grupos de perimenopausia y posmenopausia se hizo con la t de Student, X² y U de Mann Whitney. Las pruebas de Rho de Spearman se aplicaron para identificar las correlaciones entre las variables. Se realizó análisis de regresión múltiple aplicándose el procedimiento por pasos para establecer variables que predicen la satisfacción con la vida. Resultados No se encontró diferencia estadística significativa entre el grupo de perimenopausia y posmenopausia con relación a la satisfacción con la vida (p=.885), y la percepción del apoyo familiar (p=.392). En las variables sociodemográficas con la prueba X² y U de Mann Whitney, sólo se observó diferencia estadística en escolaridad (p<.007) y tener pareja (p<.009). De acuerdo con la prueba de correlación de Spearman, la variable de mayor correlación fue la percepción de apoyo familiar (r=0.541, p<.001), sin embargo a pesar de obtener bajas correlaciones de las variables sociodemográficas, la escolaridad, ocupación y tener hijos, fueron estadísticamente significativas (p<.001). En el análisis de regresión múltiple con el método por pasos, donde se incluyeron todas las variables en conjunto, fue evidente que la mayor tendencia predictiva de satisfacción con la vida la tiene la percepción que tienen las mujeres acerca del apoyo familiar (β .542, IC LI.503; LS .720, p<.001), y la ocupación (β .153, IC LI.230; LS .977, p<.002).En este modelo, estas dos variables explican la varianza de satisfacción con la vida en un 31.6%(R2.311).

Clinic effects of the compound danshen diwan in menopause women with ST changes and angina / 中国实用内科杂志

Objective To investigate the clilic effects of the compound danshen diwan in menopause women with ST changes and angina.Methods56 menopause women with ST changes and angina were randomly divided into two groups,a controlled group(n=28)with base medicine treatment and a observed group(n=28)with the compound danshen diwan.The change of vasodilation endothelium functon and symptom relief were oberved before and after treatment in all patients.ResultsVasodilation endothelium functon were improved markedly in the observed group while the controlled group had no significantly changes;Meanwhile,the clinic relief rates of the observed group was markedly superor to that of controlled group.ConclusionThe compound danshen diwan would have a positive effect in menopause women with ST changes and angina.

A Comparative Study on Climacteric Symptoms of Natural Menopausal Women and Artificial Menopausal Women / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: To extend the understanding on climacteric symptoms, and to improve women's health and the quality of life by providing the basic data relating to the climacteric symptoms of natural menopausal women and artificial menopausal women. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 149 women selected conviniently (89 natural menopausal women and 60 total hystrectomy women) who have visited the climacteric clinic of G. hospital in Inchon, the MENSI questionnaire which was developed by Sarrel (1995)was modified considering Korean culture for the measuring tool of this study with 20 items of question(Cronbach'salpa =.76), duration of data collection with the questionnaire was 5 months from Sept. 1, 2000 to Jan. 30, 2001. Result: Artificial meanopausal women showed statistically significant higher menopausal symptoms than the natural menopausal women in the most of the items, and psychiatric and urogenital symtoms of artificial menopausal women were significantly higher than those of the natural menopausal women. CONCLUSION: Nursing intervention for psychological support upon artificial menopausal women and their spouses is recommended more than natural menpause women.