RESUMO
Background: Tic disorders are complex neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood onset. The associated comorbidities in paediatric tic disorders are of vast importance as they account for the major functional impairment in these children, data of which is lacking in our Indian context.Methods: Descriptive Cross-sectional study conducted among children of 3-15 years of age in child psychiatry department of Institute of Child health, Egmore, ChennaiResults: In this study 60 patients were studied of whom 47 were male and 13 were females. Comorbid psychiatric disorders were present in 38 (63.3%) children. They were ADHD (48.3%), OCD (6.6%), ASD (6.6%), SLD (20%), Behavioural problems in 16.6%. Motor tics were the most common type of tics. Significant correlation between tic severity and presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders was seen.Conclusions: Tic disorders are not completely benign and simple as it is thought. Tic disorders usually present with associated comorbidities, which cause more impairment than tics themselves. ADHD is the most common comorbidity associated with paediatric tic disorders.
RESUMO
Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD) is a rare autosomal-recessive hereditary disorder characterized by the early onset of progressive movement alterations, including dystonia, rigidity, choreoathetosis, and mental deterioration. HSD is also associated with a variety of psychiatric symptoms, primarily depression and mental deterioration. However, psychosis has rarely been reported as a major symptom of HSD. We report two siblings who presented psychiatric symptoms as major clinical presentations, accompanied by ataxic and spastic gait, dysarthria, and typical neuroimaging findings of HSD. A 14-year-old girl presented complex motor tics, stereotypic behavior and anxiety symptoms. Her older brother, a 16-year-old boy, presented prominent auditory hallucinations, persecutory delusions and social withdrawal symptoms. Psychiatric symptoms were improved after atypical antipsychotic treatment. HSD is a rare disease but should be carefully considered in the diagnosis of patients with both motor disorder and various psychiatric symptoms.