Effect of active music therapy on cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment: a systematic review based on ICD-11 and ICF / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the effect of active music therapy on cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment based on International Classification of Diseases, the 11th Revision (ICD-11), and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsA PICO framework was constructed. Thematic keyword searches were conducted in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang data, for literature on the effect of active music therapy on cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment, published up to November 5th, 2023. Information on authors, countries, publication date, sample characteristics, study designs, intervention methods, measurement tools and outcomes were extracted. The methodological quality of the researches was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. ResultsEight researches from six countries were included, which were all randomized controlled trials involving 356 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The articles were published from 2014 to 2020, with an average of 7.4 of the PEDro scale. Active music therapy was used by singing and playing instruments. Interventions took place in hospitals, nursing homes, and health centers. The intervention duration ranged from mostly 30 to 60 minutes a time, with a few 120 minutes a time. Interventions were implemented mostly one to three times a week, lasting from eight to twelve weeks. Health outcomes focused on cognitive function, including overall cognitive function, executive function, attention function and memory function. ConclusionA theoretical framework for the benefits of active music therapy on the cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment has been constructed based on ICD-11 and ICF. Active music therapy can improve overall cognitive function, executive function, attention function and memory function for older adults with cognitive impairment.

"Música Paraense" e Terruá Pará: identidade regional, indústria cultural e psicologia das massas / "Pará Music" and Terruá Pará: regional identity, cultural industry and mass psychology / La «Musique Paraense¼ et le Terruá Pará: identité régionale, l'industrie culturelle et la psychologie des foules / "Música Paraense" y Terruá Pará: identidad regional, industria cultural y psicología de las masas

Desde a consolidação de emissoras de rádio e TV no Pará, a mídia local propaga a ideia de uma "música paraense", título utilizado com frequência em uma série de eventos recentemente produzidos dentro e fora do estado. Ao contestar essa singularização, a presente pesquisa apresenta uma análise psicossociológica dos mecanismos que operam na inter-relação entre indústria cultural e formação de massas, utilizando como objeto privilegiado de estudo o espetáculo Terruá Pará. Visando tal intento, além do recurso à revisão bibliográfica, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental sobre parte do material impresso produzido para a terceira edição do festival. Em termos conclusivos, defende-se que o Terruá Pará, embora pautado por um discurso pretensamente racional em prol da valorização da música regional, torna-se dialeticamente promotor de irracionalidades expressas na sugestão de modos de subjetivação específicos que, desconsiderando diversidades, acabam por reduzir o seu público consumidor à qualidade de multidão abstrata

Since the consolidation of radio and TV broadcasters in Pará, local media has propagated the idea of a "Pará music," moniker often used in a series of events produced in and outside the State. By contesting such singularization, this psychosociological analysis unveils the mechanisms that mediate cultural industry and mass formation by analyzing the spectacle Terruá Pará. For this purpose, a bibliographic review was conducted, as well as a documentary research concerning part of the printed material produced for the festival's third edition. In conclusion, although Terruá Pará appears based on an allegedly rational discourse to value regional music, it dialectically promotes irrationalities expressed in specific modes of subjectivation that, disregarding diversity, reduce its consuming public to the quality of abstract crowd

Depuis la consolidation des stations de radio et télévision à l'état du Pará, les médias locaux ont diffusé l'idée d'une «musique paraense¼, expression souvent utilisée dans une série d'événements récemment produits dans cet état autant que dehors. En contestant cette singularisation, cette recherche présente une analyse psychosociologique des mécanismes agissant dans l'interrelation entre l'industrie culturelle et la formation des foules, en prenant comme objet principal d'étude le spectacle Terruá Pará. Dans ce but, outre le recours à l'étude bibliographique, on a mené une recherche documentaire sur une partie du matériel imprimé produit pour la troisième édition du festival. En conclusion, on soutient que Terruá Pará, bien que guidé par un discours prétendument rationnel en faveur de la valorisation de la musique régionale, devient dialectiquement promoteur d'irrationalités exprimées par la suggestion de modes de subjectivation spécifiques qui, en ignorant les diversités, finissent par réduire son public consommateur à une foule abstraite

Desde la consolidación de las estaciones de radio y televisión en Pará, los medios locales han difundido la "musica paraense", título de uso frecuente en eventos producidos dentro y fuera del Estado. Al impugnar esta singularización, esta investigación presenta un análisis psicosociológico de los mecanismos que operan en la interrelación entre la industria cultural y la formación de masas, utilizando como objeto privilegiado de estudio el espectáculo Terruá Pará. Además del uso de la revisión bibliográfica, fue llevada a cabo una investigación documental sobre parte del material producido para la tercera edición del festival. En conclusión, se argumenta que Terruá Pará, aunque guiado por un discurso supuestamente racional a favor de la valorización de la música regional, se convierte dialécticamente en promotor de irracionalidades expresadas en la sugerencia de modos específicos de subjetivación que, sin tener en cuenta las diversidades, reducen su público consumidor a la calidad de multitud abstracta

The effect of music on menopausal symptoms, sleep quality,and depression: a randomized controlled trial

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effect of music on menopausal symptoms, sleep quality, and depression levels in menopausal women. METHODS: This randomized controlled study was carried out between August and December 2022. The study sample consisted of 61 menopausal women (intervention: 30 and control: 31). The intervention group listened to music twice a day for 5 weeks, with a total of 70 sessions. The control group received only routine care. Menopause symptoms, depression levels, and sleep quality were evaluated at the beginning and the end of the study using the Menopausal Symptoms Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS: The post-test Menopausal Symptoms Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index scores of the menopausal women were found to be lower in the intervention group than in the control group (p=0.011, p=0.001, and p=0.006, respectively). When the pre-test and post-test mean scores were compared, the mean menopausal symptoms and depression levels decreased, and sleep quality increased significantly in the intervention group. No significant difference was observed in the control group. CONCLUSION: This study shows that music may have an effect on reducing the level of menopausal symptoms and depression levels and also increasing the sleep quality of menopausal women.

Promovendo saúde por meio da música na maternidade: percepções de gestantes e puérperas / Promoting health through music in motherhood: perceptions of pregnant and puerperal women / Promoviendo la salud a través de la música en la maternidad: percepciones de las mujeres embarazadas y puérperas

Objetivo: compreender as percepções de gestantes e puérperas sobre o uso da música como tecnologia de cuidado para promoção da saúde. Método: estudo qualitativo, fundamentado nos pressupostos da promoção da saúde, realizado com sete gestantes e oito puérperas internadas na maternidade de um hospital público de Santa Catarina. Realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, entre setembro de 2021 e fevereiro de 2022, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: a música na maternidade diminui o estresse e a tristeza. Alem disso, proporciona distração, alegria, animação, resgate de lembranças, momento especial, gratidão e tranquilidade para as mulheres hospitalizadas e para os seus bebês. Considerações finais: para as gestantes e puérperas, a música tem a capacidade de promover a saúde, sendo uma tecnologia de cuidado que deveria estar presente em todas as maternidades do Brasil.

Objective: to understand the perceptions of pregnant and postpartum women about the use of music as a care technology for health promotion. Method: qualitative research, based on the assumptions of health promotion, carried out with seven pregnant women and eight postpartum women admitted to the maternity ward of a public hospital in Santa Catarina. Semi-structured interviews were carried out between September 2021 and February 2022, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: music in the maternity ward reduces stress and sadness. In addition, it provides distraction, joy, animation, recall of memories, a special moment, gratitude and tranquility for hospitalized women and their babies. Final considerations: for pregnant and postpartum women, music has the ability to promote health, being a care technology that should be present in all maternity hospitals in Brazil.

Objetivo: comprender las percepciones de embarazadas y puérperas sobre el uso de la música como tecnología de cuidado para la promoción de la salud. Método: estudio cualitativo, basado en los supuestos de la promoción de la salud, realizado junto a siete mujeres embarazadas y ocho puérperas internadas en la maternidad de un hospital público de Santa Catarina. Las entrevistas semiestructuradas se realizaron entre septiembre de 2021 y febrero de 2022, previa aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de contenido. Resultados: la música en la sala de maternidad reduce el estrés y la tristeza. Además, brinda distracción, alegría, animación, recuperación de recuerdos, momento especial, gratitud y tranquilidad para las mujeres hospitalizadas y sus bebés. Consideraciones finales: para las mujeres embarazadas y puérperas, la música tiene la capacidad de promover la salud, siendo una tecnología de atención que debe estar presente en todas las maternidades de Brasil.

Una mujer fantástica. Música, duelo y diversidad: la subjetividad trans a través de arias operísticas y canciones populares / Music, Grief and Diversity Trans Subjectivity Through Operatic Arias and Popular Songs

Se propone una lectura del film Una mujer fantástica (Sebastián Lelio, 2017) desde la perspectiva de la ética contemporánea, analizando cuestiones relativas a los derechos humanos y a los principios universales que los mismos aspiran a salvaguardar. El artículo se centra en aspectos relativos a la diversidad de género y a la vulnerabilidad de derechos de las personas trans, poniendo el eje en torno al derecho a la sepultura en su articulación con el trabajo simbólico de duelo. Dichas temáticas son abordadas a partir de distintas entradas musicales presentes en el film, cuya eficacia en el marco de la narrativa radica en su función de soporte ante distintas operatorias éticas y transformaciones en torno a la subjetividad de los personajes

A reading of the film A Fantastic Woman (Sebastián Lelio, 2017) is proposed from the perspective of contemporary ethics, analyzing issues related to human rights and the universal principles that they aspire to safeguard. The article focuses on aspects related to gender diversity and the vulnerability of the rights of trans people, focusing on the right to burial in its articulation with the symbolic work of grief. These themes are approached from different musical inputs present in the film, whose effectiveness within the framework of the narrative lies in its function of support to different ethical operations and transformations around the subjectivity of the characters

Can music and medicine be effective on anxiety, depression and chemotherapy?related nausea and vomiting? (PEGASUS study)

Background: Music and medicine can be used in patients with cancer as a palliative complementary therapy. It is aimed to show the effect of music therapy performed on anxiety, depression, and chemotherapy?related nausea/vomiting. Methods: A total of 62 patients with colon cancer who previously experienced grade 1 or 2 chemotherapy?related nausea and vomiting were divided into two groups as intervention and control group based on the addition of music and medicine to infusion chemotherapies and 1:1 randomized. The groups were compared in terms of the effect of music and medicine on anxiety, depression, heart rate, blood pressure, and chemotherapy?related nausea?vomiting. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 19.0. A value of P < 0.05 was found statistically significant. Results: The patients were evaluated in terms of study variables at the beginning and after the completion of a chemotherapy session. As a result, there was a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (P = 0.042), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.44), heart rate (P = 0.046), state and trait sections of the state?trait anxiety inventory scores (P = 0.047 and P = 0.046, respectively), as well as a significant decrease in anxiety degree (P = 0.036) and a significant improvement in chemotherapy?related nausea (P = 0.021) and vomiting (P = 0.038) experience in the intervention group. However, no significant effect of music and medicine on depression was detected (P = 0.218). Conclusion: Although it has not been shown to have an effect on depression, it was concluded that music and medicine with classical music integrated into the chemotherapy session can reduce the degree of nausea/vomiting and anxiety levels.

Musicoterapia en pacientes con la COVID-19

Introducción: La musicoterapia puede ser utilizada para influenciar en el estado físico y emocional de pacientes diagnosticados con la COVID-19. Se realiza una revisión sistemática exploratoria que incluye estudios observacionales y ensayos clínicos; Pubmed y Scopus fueron las bases de datos empleadas para la realización de la búsqueda. Además, se incluyen registros de ensayos clínicos de la Plataforma de Registros Internacionales de Ensayos Clínicos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Objetivo: Explorar la literatura médica disponible, sobre el impacto clínico de la musicoterapia en pacientes diagnosticados con la COVID-19. Desarrollo: De 39 documentos encontrados se incluyen 2 artículos: un ensayo clínico y un reporte de caso, con una población total de 41 pacientes. Se encuentra evidencia médica que respalda el impacto clínico favorable sobre la saturación de oxígeno, rehabilitación física y síntomas asociados al estrés en pacientes con diagnóstico de la COVID-19 con y sin requerimiento de soporte ventilatorio. Conclusiones: La musicoterapia es una herramienta útil en el tratamiento y rehabilitación no farmacológica de pacientes con la COVID-19; sin embargo, son necesarios nuevos estudios clínicos con mayor número de poblaciones muestrales y mayor tiempo de seguimiento.

Background: Music therapy can be used to influence the physical and emotional state of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. An exploratory systematic review was carried out including observational studies and clinical trials, Pubmed and Scopus were the databases used to carry out the literature search. In addition, clinical trial registries from the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform are included. Objective: To explore the available medical literature on the clinical impact of music therapy in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Development: Of 39 documents found in the search, two articles are included: a clinical trial and a case report, with a total population of 41 patients. Medical evidence is found to support the favorable clinical impact on oxygen saturation, physical rehabilitation and symptoms associated with stress in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with and without the need for ventilatory support. Conclusions: Music therapy is a useful tool in the non-pharmacological treatment and rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19. However, new clinical studies with a larger number of sample populations and follow-up times using music therapy in this disease are necessary.

Musicoterapia y otorrinolaringología / Music therapy and otorhinolaryngology

La musicoterapia es el uso profesional, planificado y estructurado de la música como intervención terapéutica, con el objetivo de mejorar la salud y calidad de vida del paciente o el grupo intervenido. Esta herramienta se basa en la evidencia de efectos neuroplásticos, psicológicos y cognitivos de la música en las personas. En las últimas décadas se ha encontrado evidencia de múltiples beneficios de musicoterapia como tratamiento adyuvante en medicina, entre ellos se destacan: reducción del dolor en enfermedades crónicas, oncológicas, procedimientos quirúrgicos y trabajo de parto, disminución de síntomas depresivos y ansiosos en trastornos del ánimo y demencia, mejoría de la sincronización motora y perceptiva en enfermedad de Parkinson, entre otros. La otorrinolaringología se ha establecido, asimismo, como un nicho plausible para musicoterapia. Actualmente existen numerosas líneas de investigación que se han dedicado a generar evidencia científica en torno a musicoterapia y su utilidad en diversos campos de la especialidad; esta revisión pretende recopilar y analizar dicha evidencia. Los resultados obtenidos en los diferentes estudios sugieren, con evidencia de calidad baja a moderada, que existen beneficios significativos en la utilización de esta herramienta en el tratamiento multimodal de tinnitus, manejo del dolor y ansiedad en procedimientos médico-quirúrgicos, y en la rehabilitación de pacientes con hipoacusia e implantes cocleares. Si bien se ha encontrado que la música es una modalidad terapéutica segura, barata y con beneficios que parecen ser prometedores, se requieren más estudios clínicos de buena calidad y validez para recomendar el uso de musicoterapia en otorrinolaringología.

Music therapy is the professional, planned, and structured use of music as a therapeutic intervention, with the objective of improving the health and quality of life of the patient or the intervened group. This tool is based on the evidence of neuroplastic, psychological and cognitive effects of music in people. In the last decades there has been evidence of multiple benefits of music therapy as an adjuvant treatment in medicine, among them: reduction of pain in chronic diseases, oncology, surgical procedures and labor, reduction of depressive and anxious symptoms in mood disorders and dementia, improvement of motor and perceptual synchronization in Parkinson's disease, among others. Otorhinolaryngology has also been established as a plausible niche for music therapy. Currently there are numerous research lines that have been devoted to generate scientific evidence on music therapy and its usefulness in various fields of the specialty, this review aims to compile and analyze such evidence. The results obtained in the different studies suggest, with low to moderate quality evidence, that there are significant benefits in the use of this tool in the multimodal treatment of tinnitus, pain and anxiety management in medical-surgical procedures, and in the rehabilitation of patients with hypoacusis and cochlear implants. Even though music has been found to be a safe and inexpensive therapeutic modality with benefits that appear to be promising, more clinical studies of good quality and validity are required to recommend the use of music therapy in otorhinolaryngology.

The effect of music therapy on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in women with breast cancer

Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is an unavoidable side effect that affects the quality of life (QoL) and treatment compliance in patients with cancer. While the positive effect of music therapy in many clinical settings has been published, little information is available on the relieving effect of music therapy on CINV. Aim: To evaluate the effect of music therapy on the frequency and severity of CINV in women with breast cancer. Methods: Sixty patients were equally randomized to experimental (music therapy) and control (routine care) groups. One hundred and forty-eight instrumental, relaxation, and religious records were provided to be delivered by a headphone connected to an MP3 player. The intervention consisted of five 25-minute sessions supervised by trained nurses to provide the patient抯 favorite music, volume, and timing arrangement. A 0� visual analog scale (VAS) and the 4-point Likert scale were used to measure the severity of nausea. Frequencies were also asked and recorded. The study endpoints were before, during, and after (8-hours, 16-hours, and 24-hours) chemotherapy. Results: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the frequency and severity of CINV increased significantly over the first 24 hours after chemotherapy in both groups. The difference between music therapy and control groups was statistically significant with regard to the median of the frequency of nausea (5.92 versus 12.34), frequency of vomiting (4.55 versus 9.95), the severity of nausea (1.26 versus 3.27), and severity of vomiting (1.06 versus 2.53). Conclusion: This study supports the idea of incorporating music therapy into the healing process after chemotherapy in women with breast cancer

Effect of spirituality, exercise, music, and engagement with nature on intelligence, stress, and cognition

Background: Spirituality is recognition of a sense that there is something greater than myself. Physical exercise is any bodily activity that enhances physical fitness and overall health. Music is a universal language to express mind through tone and emotions. Nature is the physical world or the universe. Intelligence is the global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally. Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand one’s own emotions and emotions of others. Adversity quotient deals with ability of a person to deal with adversities in life. Aims and Objectives: The present study was designed to study the effect of different interventions on intelligence, stress and cognitive functions. Materials and Methods: The present study was performed on 144 subjects in age group of 30–39 years. Their basal level of intelligence quotient (IQ), emotional quotient (EQ), resilience score (RS), acute stress score (ASS), perceived stress score (PSS), isometric handgrip (IHG), and stroop tests was recorded. The subjects were divided into four groups of 36 each. Four groups were allotted different interventions of spirituality practices, moderate intensity physical exercise, receptive music, and engagement with nature respectively for 1 month duration. Statistical analysis: ANOVA and post hoc tests along with student t-test were used for computing the results. Results: IQ, EQ, RS, ASS, IHG, PSS, and stroop subtests yielded mixed results with four interventions at different levels of significance. Conclusion: Although every intervention had different and positive impact on parameters, overall spiritual practices exhibited better response on parameters.

Oficinas de composição musical com jovens: reflexões metodológicas para uma práxis transformadora / Workshops of musical composition with young people: methodological reflections for transforming praxis / Talleres de composición musical con jóvenes: reflexiones metodológicas para una praxis transformadora

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever e problematizar questões referentes à operacionalização de oficinas de composição musical com jovens do movimento hip hop, apresentando potencialidades e dificuldades da utilização desta técnica na pesquisa qualitativa. O estudo foi realizado em uma comunidade na periferia de Cubatão, litoral de SP, segundo o referencial da Psicologia Sócio-Histórica. Utilizou-se a metodologia das oficinas, propondo alguns percursos e estratégias metodológicas para a pesquisa com jovens. Destacam-se os vínculos afetivos como importante estratégia para a construção do conhecimento e a realização das oficinas com a participação dos jovens, inclusive estes como facilitadores e não apenas como interlocutores do estudo. A pesquisa qualitativa e as oficinas de composição musical podem fomentar nos jovens a reflexão crítica da realidade através da objetivação de sua subjetividade, em um trabalho que é dialeticamente individual e coletivo.

This article aims at describing and problematizing issues related to the operationalization of music composition workshops with young people from the hip-hop movement, presenting the potentialities and difficulties of using this technique in qualitative research. The study was carried out in a community on the outskirts of Cubatão, in the coast of São Paulo, according to the Socio-Historical Psychology reference. It used the methodology of the workshops, proposing some pathways and methodological strategies for youth research. Emotional bonds are an important strategy for the construction of knowledge and the realization of the workshops with the participation of the young people, including these as facilitators and not only as interlocutors of the study. The qualitative research and music composition workshops can foster in young people a critical reflection of reality through the objectification of their subjectivity, in a work that is dialectically individual and collective.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir y problematizar cuestiones referentes a la operacionalización de talleres de composición musical con jóvenes del movimiento hip hop, presentando potencialidades y dificultades de la utilización de esta técnica en la investigación cualitativa. El estudio fue realizado en una comunidad en la periferia de Cubatão, costa de São Paulo, según el referencial de la Psicología Socio-Histórica. Se utilizó la metodología de los talleres, proponiendo algunos recorridos y estrategias metodológicas para la investigación con los jóvenes. Se destacan los vínculos afectivos como una importante estrategia para la construcción del conocimiento y realización de los talleres con la participación de los jóvenes, inclusive éstos como facilitadores y no sólo como interlocutores del estudio. La investigación cualitativa y los talleres de composición musical pueden fomentar en los jóvenes la reflexión crítica de la realidad a través de la objetivación de su subjetividad, en un trabajo que es dialécticamente individual y colectivo.

Effectiveness of a Musical-based Learning Approach on Knowledge and Happy Index Related to Anatomy Syllabus: A Quasi-Experimental Pilot Study

@#Introduction: Musical-based education has been linked with improved students’ academic performance and mental wellbeing. This study aimed to evaluate a musical-based anatomy learning module using the combination of music, choreographed movements and 3D anatomy illustrations on muscles of the hand. Methods: A 5-minute duration video on muscles of the hand was developed through series of discussions with expert panels to incorporate the three stated components, emphasizing on the use of catchy music and simple terms to assist memorization skills. A single arm quasi-experimental pilot study was conducted with pre- and post-intervention measurement of knowledge, perception, stress and happy index related to learning anatomy. A total of 157 medical students were recruited and exposed to a total of 20 minutes video duration over three days. The effectiveness of the intervention was investigated using paired t-test and was interpreted based on the pre- and post-measured exposure mean differences. Results: The newly developed musical-based anatomy learning module had effectively improved knowledge and happy index related to learning anatomy, with significant mean differences were observed on the total mean scores for knowledge (MD= 2.707, p< 0.001) and happy index (MD=3.256, p< 0.001), as well as significant reduction of the mean scores for the negative items for perceptions and stress. Conclusion: The improved knowledge and happy index related to learning anatomy reflecting the positive impact of music used in combination choreographed movements and 3D illustrations to strengthen memorizing skills of medical students as well as instilling positive mood.

Exercising to music combined with transcranial direct current stimulation improves the motor and cognitive functioning of persons with Parkinson′s disease / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe any effect of combining music exercise with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the motor control, balance and cognition of persons with Parkinson′s disease (PD).Methods:A total of 120 PD patients were randomly divided into a control group, a music exercise group, a tDCS group and a combined group, each of 30. All received routine rehabilitation training, while the music exercise, tDCS and combined groups were additionally provided with music exercise therapy, tDCS treatment or both, respectively. Version three of the unified Parkinson′s disease scale (UPDRSIII), a 10m reentry movement test, the Berg balance scale (BBS), the Activity Balance Confidence scale (ABC) and Montreal cognitive assessments were applied before and after 4 weeks of the treatments.Results:After the treatment, the average UPDRSIII score and 10m reentry movement time of the music exercise group were significantly lower than in the control group, while the average BBS and ABC scores were significantly higher than the control group′s averages. The tDCS group′s average MoCA scores on all of the items and its total score were significantly higher than those of the music exercise and control groups. The average UPDRSIII score and 10m reentry movement time of the combined group were the lowest after the treatment, and that group′s average BBS, ABC, MoCA and total scores were the highest, significantly better than the other three groups.Conclusion:Combining music exercise training with tDCS can effectively improve the motor functioning, balance and cognition of persons with PD.

Effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with music biofeedback on insomnia / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with music biofeedback on insomnia.Methods:Sixty patients with insomnia who received treatment in Outpatient Department of Seventh People's Hospital of Dongyang from January to August 2021 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into an observation group ( n = 30) and a control group ( n = 30) using the random number table. The control group was given music biofeedback therapy and conventional drug treatment, and the observation group was treated with rTMS based on music biofeedback therapy. The changes in polysomnography sleep structure and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score after 1 month of treatment relative to before treatment were determined in each group. Results:After 1 month of treatment, the total sleep time, sleep efficiency, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, non-REM sleep phase II (N2%) and non-REM sleep phase III (N3%) in the observation group were (419.87 ± 42.63) minutes, (83.69 ± 13.39)%, (25.27 ± 3.26)%, (53.75 ± 11.36)% and (16.27 ± 2.25)%, respectively, and they were (388.74 ± 40.39) minutes, (76.38 ± 13.17)%, (23.16 ± 2.68)%, (51.62 ± 12.27)%, and (14.36 ± 2.21)%, respectively. There were significant differences in these indices between the two groups ( t = -2.90, -2.13, -2.22, -2.26, -3.31, P = 0.005, 0.037, 0.030, 0.027, 0.002). The sleep latency, actual wake time, numbet of awakenings, non-REM sleep phase I (N1%), and total score of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in the observation group were (24.16 ± 7.82) minutes, (23.18 ± 6.95) minutes, (1.76 ± 0.28) times, (9.74 ± 2.12)%, (9.17 ± 1.56) minutes, respectively. They were (28.35 ± 7.74) minutes, (28.36 ± 7.21) minutes, (2.25 ± 0.79) times, (11.12 ± 1.17)%, and (10.26 ± 1.42) minutes, respectively in the control group. There were significant differences in these indices between the two groups ( t = 2.09, 2.83, 3.20, 3.12, 2.83, P = 0.041, 0.006, 0.002, 0.003, 0.038). Conclusion:rTMS combined with music biofeedback for the treatment of insomnia can effectively improve sleep quality in patients with insomnia.

Clinical efficacy of five-element music therapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of five-element music therapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder.Methods:Eighty patients with bipolar disorder admitted to Shandong Mental Health Center from January 2018 to December 2019 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into a study group and a control group ( n = 40/group). The control group was treated with conventional drug treatment. The study group was treated with five-element music therapy based on conventional drug treatment. Before, during and after treatment, mania and depression were evaluated. Symptom self-evaluation scale and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Five State Emotion Questionnaire were completed to evaluate the curative effect. Patients were followed up by telephone call. Recurrence at 3, 6 and 12 months was recorded. Results:Before treatment, there were no significant differences in the scores of the Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale (BRMs), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Traditional Chinese Medicine Five State Emotion Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) between the two groups (all P > 0.05). During and after treatment, BRMs, HAMD, Traditional Chinese Medicine Five State Emotion Questionnaire, and SCL-90 scores were significantly decreased in each group compared with before treatment [Control group: BRMs score during and after treatment: (11.52 ± 1.57) points, (9.43 ± 1.05) points; HAMD score during and after treatment: (16.75 ± 3.05) points, (13.61 ± 2.51) points; Traditional Chinese Medicine Five State Emotion Questionnaire: emotional vocabulary (67.25 ± 5.7) points, (56.38 ± 4.97) points, physical symptoms (29.52 ± 3.94) points, (24.19 ± 3.05) points, SCL-90 score: (100.52 ± 10.26) points, (68.85 ± 7.33) points. Study group: BRMs score during and after treatment: (9.33 ± 1.09) points, (7.85 ± 0.82) points; HAMD score: (13.74 ± 2.54) points, (10.17 ± 1.97) points; Traditional Chinese Medicine Five State Emotion Questionnaire: emotional vocabulary: (58.19 ± 5.06) points, (46.85 ± 4.06) points, physical symptoms (25.14 ± 3.54) points, (20.11 ± 2.57) points; SCL-90 scores: (90.85 ± 8.97) points, (56.87 ± 5.81) points]. During and after treatment, scores of BRMs, HAMD, Traditional Chinese Medicine Five State Emotion Questionnaire and SCL-90 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = 3.77, 7.01, 4.48, 6.99, 8.78, 4.89, 6.05, 4.19, 7.57, all P < 0.05). Total response rate in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (90.0% vs. 72.5%, χ2 = 4.02, P < 0.05). At 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, recurrence rate in the study group was 2.5%, 15.0% and 30.0%, respectively, which were significantly lower than 17.5%, 35.0%, and 52.5% in the control group ( χ2 = 5.00, 4.26, 4.17, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Five-element music therapy for the treatment of bipolar disorder can markedly alleviate depression and mania, restore patient's emotional state, improve clinical efficacy, and decrease recurrence rate.

Effects of listening to different music on sprint performance and psychological aspects / 体力科学

Exercise performance may be improved by listening to high-tempo and motivational music prior to exercise. However, the effects of the combination of “tempo” and “motivational factors other than tempo” of music on exercise performance have not been examined in detail. We examined whether listening to music before exercise affects repetitive sprint performance and psychological responses in healthy young men. Twenty-one healthy men performed two consecutive sets of 20-second sprint cycling with a 120-second rest period between sets. Five types of music were used during the warm-up and rest periods: no music (Con), high-tempo music that subjects judged to be motivating (MH, 130~140 bpm), high-tempo music that subjects judged to be unmotivating (UMH, 130~140 bpm), low-tempo music that subjects judged to be motivating (ML, 70~80 bpm), and low-tempo music that judged to be unmotivating (UML, 70~80 bpm). Motivation, pleasure-displeasure and arousal-sleepiness, and rate of perceived exertion were investigated using a questionnaire. The maximum power per body weight during sprint cycling was significantly higher in ML than in Con, and MH tended to be higher than in Con. Motivation increased significantly from “After Warm-up” to “After Recovery” for MH and ML, but did not change significantly for Con, UMH, and UML. These results suggest that listening to motivational music, regardless of tempo, improves the maximum power of sprint cycling.

Research Progressin the Application of Creative Arts Therapy to Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia / 中国医学科学院学报

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common in the patients with dementia.Creative arts therapies (CAT) are one of the safe and effective non-pharmacological interventions for BPSD.This paper elaborates on the therapeutic effects of four common CAT,including art therapy,music therapy,dance therapy,and drama therapy,on BPSD.Despite the shortcomings,CAT offer a new gateway for the safe and noninvasive treatment of BPSD.

Kinematic analysis of music's influence on body expression / Análise cinemática da influência musical sobre a expressão corporal / Análisis cinemático de la influencia musical en la expresión corporal

ABSTRACT Introduction Dance is a combination of strength and beauty. Improving the expression of body movements in dance can improve the artistic quality of the performers and provide a greater visual experience to its spectators. Objective Explore the influence of music on dancers' upper limb movement expression through kinematic analysis based on movement mechanics. Methods The factors influencing the expression of body movements and sports training in the dance process were investigated via a questionnaire. A group of 20 volunteers performed a movement performance only through a specific rhythm, while the experimental group combined the full music with the dance moves. After a set of four dance movements, the completion time, trajectory length, speed, and acceleration of the upper limbs were recorded and rated, analyzing the fluency of the two movement groups. Results Dance movement does not interfere as much with the rhythmic control of professional dancers; however, it impacts their fluency, range, and motion. Conclusion With the cooperation of music, the dancers' movements were more harmonious and smoother, bringing a better expressive effect to the upper limbs. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução A dança é uma combinação de força e beleza. Aprimorar a expressão dos movimentos corporais na dança pode melhorar a qualidade artística dos intérpretes e proporcionar uma maior experiência visual aos seus espectadores. Objetivo Explorar a influência da música na expressão dos movimentos dos membros superiores de dançarinos, por análise cinemática baseada na mecânica do movimento. Métodos Os fatores de influência da expressão dos movimentos corporais e do treinamento esportivo no processo de dança foram investigados via questionário. Um grupo de 20 voluntários efetuou uma performance de movimento apenas através de um ritmo específico, enquanto o grupo experimental combinou com a música completa ao movimento de dança. Após um conjunto de quatro movimentos de dança, o tempo de conclusão, o comprimento da trajetória, a velocidade e a aceleração dos membros superiores foram gravadas e classificados, analisando a fluência dos dois grupos de movimento. Resultados O movimento da dança não interfere tanto no controle rítmico dos dançarinos profissionais, porém tem impacto na fluência e na amplitude e movimento dos bailarinos. Conclusão Com a cooperação da música, os movimentos dos dançarinos mostraram-se mais harmônicos e suaves, trazendo um melhor efeito expressivo aos membros superiores. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción La danza es una combinación de fuerza y belleza. Mejorar la expresión de los movimientos corporales en la danza puede optimizar la calidad artística de los intérpretes y proporcionar una mayor experiencia visual a sus espectadores. Objetivo Explorar la influencia de la música en la expresión de los movimientos de las extremidades superiores de los bailarines mediante un análisis cinemático basado en la mecánica del movimiento. Métodos Se investigaron mediante un cuestionario los factores que influyen en la expresión de los movimientos corporales y el entrenamiento deportivo en el proceso de la danza. Un grupo de 20 voluntarios realizó una actuación de movimiento sólo mediante un ritmo específico, mientras que el grupo experimental combinó con la música completa el movimiento de baile. Tras un conjunto de cuatro movimientos de danza, se registraron y clasificaron el tiempo de finalización, la longitud de la trayectoria, la velocidad y la aceleración de los miembros superiores, analizando la fluidez de los dos grupos de movimientos. Resultados El movimiento de la danza no interfiere tanto en el control rítmico de los bailarines profesionales, pero sí repercute en la fluidez y la amplitud de movimiento de los bailarines. Conclusión Con la colaboración de la música, los movimientos de los bailarines se mostraron más armoniosos y suaves, aportando un mejor efecto expresivo a los miembros superiores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Redução da ansiedade relacionada ao cateterismo cardíaco: aceitabilidade de intervenção complexa / Reducción de la ansiedad relacionada con el cateterismo cardíaco: aceptabilidad de intervención compleja / Reducing cardiac catheterization-related anxiety: acceptability of a complex intervention

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a aceitabilidade de pessoas submetidas ao cateterismo cardíaco não programado acerca de uma intervenção complexa (IC) de enfermagem para reduzir a ansiedade. Métodos Estudo qualitativo e avaliativo da aceitabilidade de 15 participantes submetidos ao cateterismo cardíaco acerca de uma IC de enfermagem. A coleta de dados foi realizada na unidade de emergência de um hospital de alta complexidade da cidade de São Paulo, especializado em cardiologia. Os participantes tinham diagnóstico de Síndrome Coronariana Aguda e receberam a IC, constituída por componente musical e educativo, denominada Education and Music Intervention to Reduce Anxiety (EMIRA). Os dados foram coletados no período de setembro a outubro de 2021, e os participantes foram submetidos à entrevista semiestruturada. As perguntas norteadoras da entrevista foram elaboradas com base em Kazdin. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas para análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Para analisar a aceitabilidade dos participantes da EMIRA, utilizou-se o aporte teórico das Representações Cotidianas. Resultados A análise da aceitabilidade em relação à EMIRA permitiu a identificação de três categorias: Intervenção complexa EMIRA: nova experiência que ajuda a entender o cateterismo cardíaco; Intervenção complexa EMIRA: uma experiência que gera satisfação; e Intervenção complexa EMIRA: uma experiência que alivia a ansiedade. Os participantes relataram sensações de calma, alívio, tranquilidade, satisfação, e recomendaram o uso da EMIRA. Conclusão A experiência dos participantes com a EMIRA foi positiva, sugerindo boa aceitabilidade da IC por pessoas aguardando a realização do cateterismo não programado na unidade de emergência.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la aceptabilidad de una intervención compleja (IC) de enfermería para reducir la ansiedad de personas sometidas a un cateterismo cardíaco no programado. Métodos Estudio cualitativo y evaluativo de aceptabilidad de una IC de enfermería en 15 participantes sometidos a un cateterismo cardíaco. La recopilación de datos se realizó en una unidad de emergencia de un hospital de alta complejidad de la ciudad de São Paulo, especializado en cardiología. Los participantes tenían diagnóstico de Síndrome Coronario Agudo y recibieron la IC, que tenía un componente musical y educativo, denominada Education and Music Intervention to Reduce Anxiety (EMIRA). Se recopilaron los datos en el período de septiembre a octubre de 2021, y los participantes respondieron una entrevista semiestructurada. Las preguntas orientadoras de la entrevista se elaboraron con base en Kazdin. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y se transcribieron para el análisis de contenido de Bradin. Para analizar la aceptabilidad de los participantes de la EMIRA, se utilizó el aporte teórico de las representaciones cotidianas. Resultados El análisis de aceptabilidad de la intervención EMIRA permitió identificar tres categorías: Intervención compleja EMIRA: nueva experiencia que ayuda a entender el cateterismo cardíaco, Intervención compleja EMIRA: una experiencia que genera satisfacción e Intervención compleja EMIRA: una experiencia que calma la ansiedad. Los participantes relataron sensaciones de calma, alivio, tranquilidad y satisfacción, y recomendaron el uso de la EMIRA. Conclusión La experiencia de los participantes con la intervención EMIRA fue positiva, lo que sugiere una buena aceptabilidad de la IC por parte de personas que aguardan la realización de un cateterismo no programado en la unidad de emergencia.

Abstract Objective To analyze the acceptability of people undergoing unscheduled cardiac catheterization about a complex nursing intervention (CI) to reduce anxiety. Methods This is a qualitative and evaluative study of the acceptability of 15 participants who underwent cardiac catheterization regarding a nursing CI. Data collection was carried out in the emergency unit of a highly complex hospital in the city of São Paulo, specialized in cardiology. Participants had a diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome and received the CI, consisting of a musical and educational component, called Education and Music Intervention to Reduce Anxiety (EMIRA). Data were collected from September to October 2021, and participants underwent a semi-structured interview. The guiding questions of the interview were elaborated based on Kazdin. The interviews were recorded and transcribed for Bardin's content analysis. To analyze EMIRA participants' participants, Representations of Everyday Life's theoretical contribution was used. Results Acceptability analysis in relation to EMIRA allowed identifying three categories: EMIRA complex intervention: new experience that helps to understand cardiac catheterization; Complex EMIRA intervention: an experience that generates satisfaction; and EMIRA complex intervention: an anxiety-relieving experience. Participants reported feelings of calm, relief, tranquility, satisfaction, and recommended using EMIRA. Conclusion Participants' experience with EMIRA was positive, suggesting good acceptability of CI by people awaiting unscheduled catheterization in the emergency unit.

Nota de passagem no perfil de extensão vocal de coristas: estudo preliminar de frequência e intensidade / Passaggio on chorists' voice range profile: preliminary study of frequency and intensity

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a nota de passagem no perfil de extensão vocal de coristas, pela identificação das frequências fundamentais e intensidades, tanto na mudança para o registro agudo quanto para o grave, comparando-as, por naipe. Método Participaram 67 coristas, com média de idade de 27,79 (±7,50) anos, dos naipes: soprano (n=20), contralto (n=17), tenor (n=15) e baixo (n=15). Para coleta e análise dos dados utilizou-se o software Vocalgrama (CTS Informática) no qual foi realizada a gravação da emissão da vogal /Ɛ/ em glissando ascendente e descendente, até às frequências mais grave e mais aguda, nas intensidades mais fraca e mais forte possíveis. Resultados Foram identificados os valores das frequências e respectivas intensidades das notas de passagem nas emissões ascendentes e descendentes fortes e fracas nos quatro naipes. Houve maior ocorrência de identificação de quebra nas vozes agudas, comparativamente às mais graves. Os valores médios das frequências encontradas foram correspondentes a notas diferentes das estabelecidas na literatura para todos os naipes. Conclusão As notas de passagem identificadas no perfil de extensão vocal de coristas, a partir de suas frequências e intensidades, obtiveram maior ocorrência nos naipes soprano e tenor, comparativamente ao contralto e baixo, nas mudanças para os registros graves e agudos.

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the passaggio in the voice range profile of choristers, by identifying the fundamental frequencies and intensities, both in the change to the high and low registers, comparing them, by voice types. Method 67 choristers participated, mean age of 27.79 (± 7.50) years old, of the following voice types: soprano (n = 20), alto (n = 17), tenor (n = 15) and bass (n = 15). For data collection and analysis, the Vocalgram software (CTS Informática) was used, which recorded the emission of the vowel / Ɛ / in ascending and descending glissando, up to the lowest and highest note in the weakest and strongest intensities possible. Results The values of frequencies and respective intensities of the passaggio were identified in ascending and descending, strong and weak emissions in all voice types. There was a higher occurrence of voice break in the high voices, compared to the low ones. The average values ​​of the frequencies found corresponded to different tones from those established in the literature for all voice types. Conclusion The passaggio identified in the vocal range profile of choristers, based on their frequencies and intensities were more frequent in soprano na tenor, compared to alto and bass, in changes to the low and high registers.